Hu Linyi (1812-1861) was born in Yiyang, Hunan. 1836, Jinshi. He chose Jishi Shu in imperial academy, and he was appointed as the deputy examiner in Jiangnan, and donated it to the magistrate. 1854, the host Luo Guiqiu led a valiant soldier to Hubei and Hunan to suppress the Taiping Rebellion. 1855 1, Hu Linyi Dai Yong cooperated with Zeng Guofan and Xiang Army to attack Jiujiang and Hukou in Jiangxi. Soon after, he was transferred to Hubei, led the troops to aid Wuchang, and acted as the governor of Hubei. 1856 12, Hu Linyi took Wuchang as the governor of Hubei, and then took Hubei as the base area, fully supporting Zeng Guofan's operations. 1857, governor Hu Linyi and Huguang sent troops to help Anhui Luzhou (now Hefei), and the following year sent troops to attack Anqing and enter Luzhou. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/859, he was stationed in Huangzhou to sort out military affairs. The following year, Dapingjun was defeated in Xiaochiyi and other places. 186 1 year 1 month moved to the Great Lakes, and because the Chen Yucheng Department of Taiping Army entered Hubei, it sent troops to help Wuchang and Anqing. In June, Li Xiucheng Department of Taiping Army invaded Hubei, and even Tongshan, Xingguo and Daye were captured. Wuchang was in danger, and Hu Linyi personally led the troops to rescue it. On September 30th, Hu Linyi vomited blood in Wuchang, Shi Wenzhong, and died at the age of 49.
19 1 1 In the spring of, Cai E went to Yunnan from Guangxi to train the new army. After several years of military life, he personally realized that the so-called "new army" is still corrupt and the discipline is abandoned. "The foundation has been broken, and it is by no means one or two people can make up for it." Faced with this situation, he felt that only by calling on "most gentlemen to unite as one, support each other and provoke each other" and "make every effort to govern and take death as the end result" can we "tide over the hardships for our compatriots and put the country on the road". Zhong Lintong, who happens to control the 19th town of Yunnan New Army, entrusted him to write a textbook of Spiritual Speech. Cai E thought that Zeng Guofan and Hu Linyi, the commanders of Xiang Army, "knew a lot about everything, but accumulated deep disadvantages", so he extracted a lot of valuable contents from their memorials, letters and diaries, sorted them out, and named them Quotations of Zeng Guofan as "spiritual speeches" of Yunnan New Army. The book is divided into 12 chapters: chapter 1: general materials, chapter 2: employing people, chapter 3: respecting things, chapter 4: honesty, chapter 5: courage, chapter 6: strictness, chapter 7: propaganda, chapter 8: kindness, chapter 9: diligence, chapter 1. Among them, the first ten chapters are about running the army, and the last two chapters are about using troops.
Zeng Guofan and Hu Linyi started out by suppressing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom uprising, and their military thoughts were also formed and developed in this process, with distinct class nature. However, Zeng Hu was good at summing up the lessons of success and failure from history and reality, and paid attention to absorbing and inheriting the essence of China's ancient military thought. In particular, Zeng Hu talked about military affairs as a Neo-Confucianism, which was the starting point and destination of his military science. This strong background of Neo-Confucianism made Zeng Hu reinterpret China's traditional military science from category to system, and thus put forward many propositions with reference significance, such as "ruling the army on the premise of conscience"; "The way to lead troops is to be kind and courteous" and "like the collar of a father and brother"; "Caring for the people is the first priority in managing soldiers"; "The way to run the army is to be diligent first"; In the use of soldiers, "soldiers can be frustrated but gas can't be frustrated, and gas can occasionally be frustrated but ambition can't be frustrated"; "The way of fighting is the most taboo word"; "In war, relying on the strong to lose, and respecting the precepts to win"; "The way to fight, the whole army is the best policy, followed by land; Breaking the enemy is the best policy, followed by the city. " "The main gas is always quiet and polite. Politeness first flourished and then declined, and the subject spirit first weakened and then strengthened. Therefore, those who make good use of soldiers are mainly happy but not happy to be guests. " "Military needs must be taboo, but they can help; There must be something to give up, but it can be complete. " These propositions of military science full of Neo-Confucianism are deeply rooted in the soil of traditional culture, which promotes the development of traditional military science in China and embodies the profoundness of Neo-Confucianism. Moreover, through the transformation of traditional military science, the opposition and tension between military science and Confucianism that existed since the pre-Qin period were largely eliminated, which promoted the process of the confluence of military science and Confucianism since the Song and Ming Dynasties. Hu Linyi revealed such a message when he said that "military is the essence of Confucianism, which is beyond the reach of ordinary scholars". This should be said to be meaningful for the promotion of the status of traditional military science.
Cai E's notes are attached to each chapter of Quotations of Zeng Bing. These comments are either a summary of this chapter, comments on Zeng Hu's remarks, or explanations of Cai E's own thoughts. Cai E greatly appreciated Zeng Hu's thought of "leading troops like a father and a belt like a brother", and thought that leading troops "can set fire to this idea, and then the motto of leading troops in ancient and modern times can burn a thousand words"; Cai E also praised Zeng Hu's thought of "taking the virtue of generals as the premise", and thought it was a kind of "probing into the roots", which transformed the moral content of loyalty to the monarch into the meaning of saving the country and the people, thus giving this proposition a new meaning. Cai E was also inspired by Zeng Hu's operational guiding ideology of "treating guests with the Lord", and made a critical analysis of the "extreme attack" in western military thought, and put forward that China should adopt the policy of luring the enemy into depth in the anti-aggression war, which reflected the superiority of Cai E's military thought. Due to the class limitations of bourgeois democratic revolutionaries, Cai E repeatedly listed the crimes of Zeng Hu and his wife in suppressing the Taiping Rebellion, and called the Taiping Army "Guangdong bandits". Readers are invited to pay attention to identification.
The Quotations of Zeng Hubing was written in the summer of 19 1 1. 19 17 One year after Cai E's death, it was first published by Shanghai Zhenwu Publishing House, with Liang Qichao as the preface. 19 19 reprinted in Guangzhou, Li Genyuan. 1924, Chiang Kai-shek added a chapter on "treating the mind", and in the name of "supplementing the quotations of Zeng Hu's soldiers", Huangpu Military Academy was printed and distributed as a teaching material. 1943, the Eighth Route Army Military and Political Magazine published the Supplement to the Quotations of Zeng Hubing in Vernacular Chinese, which was distributed to the troops. After liberation, this book was out of print for political reasons. In recent years, the 50th volume of China Military Books Integration, jointly published by the People's Liberation Army Publishing House and Liaoshen Bookstore, was photocopied and reprinted by Shanghai Zhenwu Bookstore, and Bashu Bookstore also organized efforts to retranslate the supplementary edition into the vernacular. The police education publishing house also selected and translated some contents.
1996 65438+ February