China CDC released the authoritative guideline on vaccination in COVID-19 on the 7th, responding to public concerns.
1. Who is the main population vaccinated in COVID-19 at this stage?
The epidemic situation in COVID-19 in China is different from that in foreign countries, and the strategies of vaccine use are also different. The main vaccination strategies in COVID-19 need to be considered in combination with the domestic epidemic situation and prevention and control objectives. At present, the significance of vaccination for key populations is to protect this part of the population on the one hand, and to "import external defense and rebound internal defense" on the other hand, which is conducive to the overall epidemic prevention and control in China.
At present, the key population of vaccination in COVID-19 mainly includes those engaged in industries with high infection risk such as imported cold chain, port quarantine, ship pilotage, aircrew, fresh market, public transportation, medical disease control, etc. People who go to work and study in high-risk countries or regions.
2. Is it necessary to get COVID-19 vaccine?
This is necessary. On the one hand, almost all China people have no immunity to COVID-19, and they are easily infected with COVID-19. After the onset of infection, some people will develop into critical illness and even lead to death. After vaccination, on the one hand, most people can gain immunity; On the other hand, through the orderly inoculation of COVID-19 vaccine, we can gradually establish an immune barrier in the population and block the COVID-19 epidemic.
3. How and where to get COVID-19 vaccine?
Vaccination in COVID-19 is carried out in vaccination units approved by local health administrative departments. Usually the inoculation unit is located in the health service center, township health center or general hospital in the jurisdiction. If vaccination involves some departments or enterprises with relatively concentrated key targets, some temporary vaccination units will be set up locally according to the situation.
The health administrative department or disease prevention and control institution in the jurisdiction will also announce the vaccination units that can carry out COVID-19 vaccination as required, including the location and service hours. Please pay attention to the relevant information publishing platform.
Vaccination for most key populations is organized, booked and assisted by the unit where the key populations are located. For individuals who go to high-risk countries or regions to work and study, they can pay attention to the relevant service information of vaccination in COVID-19.
4. What are the taboos for vaccination?
The taboo of vaccination refers to the situation that vaccination should not be given. Because most taboos are temporary, you can be vaccinated later when the situation that caused the taboo no longer exists.
Before COVID-19's vaccination plan and vaccination guidelines are clearly defined, COVID-19's vaccination taboo should be implemented according to the vaccine instructions. Usually, the taboos of vaccination include: 1. People who are allergic to vaccines or vaccine ingredients; 2. People with acute diseases; 3. Acute attack of chronic diseases; 4. People with fever; 5. Pregnant women.
Five, how to find and master the taboo of vaccination?
During the operation, if the first dose of vaccine causes severe allergic reaction, it cannot be ruled out that it is caused by vaccine, and it is not recommended to vaccinate the second dose. To understand the ingredients of the vaccine, people who were allergic to the ingredients of the vaccine in the past should not be vaccinated.
When vaccinating, the vaccinator should carefully ask the health status and past allergic history of the recipient. The recipient should truthfully report the health status, disease history and allergy history to the vaccination doctor. Informed consent should include vaccine contraindications.
6. Don't you need to wear a mask after vaccination in COVID-19?
Before the establishment of the population immune barrier, even if some people are vaccinated, everyone's awareness of prevention and control and preventive measures cannot be relaxed. On the one hand, the success rate of vaccine immunization is not 100%, and a small number of vaccinated people may get sick during the epidemic. On the other hand, in the absence of immune barrier, COVID-19 is still easy to spread. Therefore, you should continue to wear masks after vaccination, especially in public places and crowded places. Other protective measures, such as hand hygiene, ventilation and keeping social distance, also need to be maintained.
Seven, how to form group immunity in the population through vaccination?
The infectivity of different infectious diseases is different, and the immune level of people who block the epidemic of infectious diseases is also different. Generally speaking, the more infectious an infectious disease is, the higher the immunity of the people who need it. For example, measles and whooping cough are highly contagious, and if they are to be eliminated, the immunity of the population should reach 90%-95%; To eradicate smallpox and polio, the population's immunity should reach more than 80%. When the population's immunity reaches the above threshold, an immune barrier is established to prevent the spread of measles, whooping cough, smallpox and polio.
Population immunity is directly proportional to vaccine protection efficacy and vaccination rate. Therefore, to achieve sufficient population immunity, it is necessary to have a high enough vaccination rate, that is, the vast majority of people have been vaccinated. On the other hand, if many people don't vaccinate or most people don't want to vaccinate, they can't form a solid immune barrier, and when there is a source of infection, it is easy to spread diseases.
8. What is the protection durability of COVID-19 vaccine currently used in China?
COVID-19 vaccine is newly developed and put into use, and it needs continuous monitoring and related research after large-scale vaccination to accumulate more scientific evidence and evaluate the protection durability of COVID-19 vaccine.
Nine, after vaccination, how long will it take to produce COVID-19 antibody?
According to the previous clinical trial of inactivated vaccine in COVID-19, the vaccinated population can produce better immune effect about two weeks after the second dose of inactivated vaccine was inoculated.
X what are the common adverse reactions of vaccination in COVID-19?
According to the clinical trial results of Xinguan pneumonia vaccine and the information collected during emergency use, the common adverse reactions of COVID-19 vaccine are basically similar to those of other vaccines that have been widely used. Common adverse reactions are mainly manifested as swelling, induration and pain at the inoculation site, as well as clinical manifestations such as fever, fatigue, nausea, headache and muscle aches.