Abstract: Human beings have entered the era of management. No matter a country or an enterprise, it is inseparable from scientific management, which must be effective. "Efficiency is life". To achieve the goal of enterprise management, it is very important to improve management efficiency. The efficiency of enterprise administration is not only a theoretical problem, but also a practical problem, which needs a close combination of theory and practice to be effective.
Keywords: administration, efficiency, post responsibility
I think "efficiency is life", and studying administrative management is essentially studying the efficiency of administrative activities. The ultimate goal of institutional reform is to improve administrative efficiency. Without efficiency, institutional reform is tantamount to empty talk. At present, with the deepening of economic system reform and the gradual development of enterprise internal reform, it is necessary to study the law of administrative management, carefully analyze the current situation of administrative efficiency, and strive to put forward measures to improve administrative efficiency.
First, the basic measure of administrative efficiency
1, the stipulation of administrative efficiency
(1) The concept of administrative efficiency. The so-called administrative efficiency refers to the ratio of the workload invested to the work effect obtained on the basis of successfully completing the mission, task and established goal of the administrative organ. Although different departments, different units and different people have high and low administrative efficiency, they cannot accommodate low level and low efficiency. In order to fully mobilize enthusiasm, we should try our best to find out the ratio between the workload consumed and the work efficiency obtained, so as to do the most with the least number of people. Each job should not only have a numerical comparison and a simple percentage of "input" and "output", but also serve as one of the important basis for evaluating and rewarding administrative personnel. Of course, it is difficult to describe the efficiency of some administrative management quantitatively, because administrative management is an act that produces social and legal consequences. To test administrative management, we should first focus on whether this behavior has successfully achieved the expected and socially beneficial goals. In other words, first of all, it depends on whether the qualitative aspects of administrative work are done well, otherwise, no matter how fast and how many, it may be counterproductive. In addition, the effect of administrative management is often a combination of many factors. It is a comprehensive index, which can not be simply regarded as a quantitative conversion, one by one addition and subtraction. We must pay attention to the quality aspect of administrative efficiency. Therefore, administrative efficiency should be the unity of quantity and quality, and the unity of efficacy and value. Talking about administrative efficiency means using advanced scientific methods to adapt to people's needs and characteristics, taking into account social factors and their various influences, and giving full play to and utilizing people's inherent potential in order to obtain the best management effect.
(2) The content of administrative efficiency. The content of administrative efficiency is generally divided into three management levels: the top level belongs to the decision-making level, which usually refers to the planning, decision-making, arrangement, coordination and communication carried out by the administrative department of an enterprise to complete the overall goal. The main sign of efficiency lies in whether the competent department of the enterprise formulates a feasible enterprise administrative work system according to the situation of the enterprise. This level pursues organizational efficiency. Middle management belongs to the management level, aiming at the most effective division of labor, cooperation and supervision, obeying the decisions of higher administrative departments, and comprehensively solving the problems of administrative organization and administration. This level pursues management efficiency. Senior management pursues mechanical efficiency. Three levels of efficiency indicators constitute a complete administrative efficiency system, and the efficiency of the upper, middle and lower levels has reached the standard, which can be called the efficiency standard of the whole administrative system.
(3) The essence of administrative efficiency. The success or failure of administration ultimately depends on the efficiency of administration. Administrative management reflects the way and content of enterprise administrative activities and is a function of enterprise administrative management. Through the management of enterprise administrative system and rules and regulations, it carries out enterprise decision-making and realizes the expectation of the highest decision-maker. From the perspective of administrative management, the efficiency of administrative management is the standard to test whether it is scientific or not, and it is also the measure to measure whether administrative management is effective or not. The efficiency of administrative management can not only reflect the level of an enterprise's administrative management, but also show the proportion of the consumption paid by an administrative department in its daily work to the results obtained. But it is not a link or means of administrative management itself, but a comprehensive reflection of various factors and means in administrative management. In terms of administrative efficiency, all aspects, links and channels of administrative management should make comprehensive efforts to improve administrative efficiency. Moreover, the high efficiency of modern management requires division of labor, because the division of labor itself requires strong organization, coordination and integration. In addition, high efficiency is also related to planning technology and the quality of managers. Therefore, we must adapt to the requirements of the situation in time, constantly explore the laws of administrative management, pay attention to the effectiveness of administrative management, and pursue the high efficiency of administrative management.
2. Standardization of administrative efficiency
Generally speaking, the standard of administrative efficiency is mainly manifested in three aspects: (1) the rationality of administrative management system. Administrative behavior is mainly related to human, financial and material factors. Efficient administrative management should make people of different qualities and levels organize in the most reasonable way, so that everyone has clear responsibilities, authorities and responsibilities, and achieve the administrative purpose of "making the best use of people, money, things and things".
(2) Smooth administrative process. Administrative activities are an uninterrupted flow process and the unity of several links. This process can generally be divided into two aspects: "people flow" and "information flow". The so-called stream of people refers to the flow of people; Information flow refers to the generation, transmission and processing of information. The two are closely related. If the information transmission is not timely and accurate, the whole process will be blocked, resulting in mistakes and affecting efficiency.
(3) the size of the comprehensive social effect. Every administrative activity will produce some synthesis.
Quality effect. The so-called comprehensive public effect is the quality and quantity of public services provided to the public. As long as the action consumption paid by administrative activities is related to the obtained effect, we can know the efficiency of administrative management. The ratio of comprehensive public effect and comprehensive consumption of administrative management is also an important symbol to measure the efficiency of administrative management. The unity of speed and quality is the key to ensure the high efficiency of administrative departments and should be the lowest standard to measure the efficiency of administrative management. Secondly, it discusses the practical significance of administrative efficiency.
Under the new situation of comprehensive reform in China, enterprises should carefully analyze the current situation of administrative efficiency and the reasons for its low efficiency, and it is of great significance to actively improve administrative efficiency. 1, administrative inefficiency still exists.
From a practical point of view, the efficiency of enterprise administration is not satisfactory, mainly in the following aspects:
(1) people are overstaffed. At present, overstaffing is not only manifested in the large number of staff, but also in the large number of leading cadres, too many fake posts and deputy posts, which leads to the devaluation of posts, with posts without responsibilities and posts without rights. Too many officials, on the one hand, tend to encourage bureaucracy, and it is not easy to express affection and affection, and artificially hinder the smooth flow of government decrees.
(2) The procedure is lengthy. A few leaders emphasize policies unilaterally. For the matters within their authority, whether they make decisions or not, it is often a very detailed question. Through "collective leadership" and "democratic appraisal", a circular formula of endless meetings and discussions is formed, which often misses good opportunities and delays work. Once some mistakes occur, they will be undertaken in the name of the collective, which is not only a manifestation of fear of taking responsibility, but also an important source of inefficiency of the administrative department. In addition, in the implementation of higher-level resolutions, there are often twists and turns, and delays are repeated; Start what is "to your taste" and postpone what is not to your taste. As the saying goes, "there are policies at the top and countermeasures at the bottom"; Some take the superior documents out of context, publicize them as needed, and hold their own opinions; Some people even openly resist and disobey.
(3) delay in approval. There are many factors that cause this phenomenon, some of which are unfamiliar with the business and difficult to guide; Have a plenty of problems and so on; In this way, the problem of asking for instructions from lower-level communication can only be solved for a long time. In addition, the examination and approval procedures often go through several links, from the application to the competent department, from the competent department to the person in charge, and then to the administrative department with the power of examination and approval at the same level. Among them, many intermediate links only play the role of conveyor belts, which increases the delivery time. In addition, there are many procedures. To solve a problem or do something, it is often necessary to submit a report, which is approved by the superior, sponsored by the department, drafted by the sponsoring department, and countersigned by the relevant departments. Then it is transferred to the higher-level undertaking department for receipt, review, coordination and communication with other departments, and then sent for approval, printing and distribution (there are not many links in drafting, review, finalization and distribution within the department). Grassroots want to do something, and it is impossible without three or four stamps. Often, you are in the fire and he is in the water. You are anxious, you are slow, step by step, ranging from months to years. It's really "running all over the soles and wearing out the skin." 2. The reasons for administrative inefficiency are complicated.
Why is the administrative efficiency in China low? The reasons are as follows: (1) The bondage of old ideas. China has a feudal social history of several thousand years. Feudal thought has a deep influence, and the idea of conformism is very harmful. The thought of small farmers is deeply rooted, and the concept of small production and private ownership is serious. These disadvantages are reflected in the bureaucracy, "yamen style", "manual labor" and "self-centered" of the administrative department. This historical damage will still create obstacles to strengthening administrative management and improving administrative efficiency today.
Slow-paced habits. Some staff in the administrative department are used to "work at sunrise, rest at sunset, drink while digging wells, and eat while plowing the fields", content with step by step, and have no urgent concept of time in their minds, resulting in an amazing waste of time. In today's fast-changing world, the waste of time is the biggest waste, which is irreparable. It can be said that among all the disadvantages of the administrative department, there is a problem of wasting time.
(3) The theoretical research of administrative management is weak. For a long time, enterprises have not solved the problems of numerous departments, bloated institutions, complicated levels and excessive deputy positions. How to set up an organization? How is the staffing? Decisions are often made on the basis of "old experience", and things are taken for granted, but the principles of scientific management institutions are not used to guide practice. In administrative management, people are more determined by things, grinding people by things, and relevant policies are replaced by the will of the chief executive, which will inevitably lead to the situation that policies are often changed.
Third, brief measures to improve the efficiency of administrative management
As mentioned above, the efficiency of administrative management is a comprehensive index, and there are many reasons for the inefficiency of administrative management, including historical reasons and practical problems; There are ideological roots, traditional habits, and problems with style and methods. To sum up, it is bureaucracy caused by bloated institutions and overlapping levels. As early as 192 1, Lenin pointedly pointed out: "The biggest problem in all the work of organs is bureaucracy. * * * The production party became a bureaucrat. If there is anything that will destroy us, it is this. " Therefore, to improve the efficiency of administrative management, we should not only consider comprehensive and comprehensive, but also grasp the key points and get to the point. As far as the present situation is concerned, it needs multi-level concerted efforts, focusing on the following aspects: 1, and the concept should be updated.
With the transformation from the traditional planned economy system to the socialist market economy system, people's values, ways of thinking and codes of conduct have changed. In this context, the renewal of ideas is particularly important. Establish the concept of overall situation, talent and time, otherwise it will not meet the needs of the fast pace of administrative management, and it is also an important symbol to measure the renewal of administrative cadres' concepts. 2, the organization should be reasonable
How can we change the situation of many work links and make the institutional setup more reasonable? This should pay attention to the following "three affirmations":
(1) Determine the correct target. At present, according to the requirements of economic system reform, referring to the experience and lessons of previous institutional reforms, we should comprehensively consider the overall layout of administrative institutions and make thorough and fundamental changes in institutional settings. The streamlined ones should be streamlined, the merged ones should be merged, and the strengthened ones should be strengthened. What is collocated should be collocated, and the others should be set. Everything should be based on reality and everything should be based on science.
(2) Determine the compilation basis. The establishment and streamlining of institutions should not only have theoretical basis, but also have legal protection. At present, some departments have randomness and blindness in the establishment and streamlining of institutions, and their theoretical, scientific and legal basis is insufficient. It's demolished today, and it will be restored tomorrow, which brings a lot of harm to the work. In order to make the establishment of institutions have a basis, it is necessary to have scientific requirements and legal concepts, gradually transform the research results of administrative management into practical policies for legislation, and rise to rational thinking and understanding, so as to formulate reasonable plans, conduct serious research, and steadily put them into practice.
(3) Determine a reasonable proportion. In order to meet the requirements of reasonable and scientific organization setting, it is necessary to maintain an appropriate proportion. At present, we should streamline the implementation system and strengthen the supervision, feedback, consultation and monitoring system.
3, the command should be unified
(1) There must be coordination within the leadership. Modern management believes that leaders are the main body of actual leadership. The leading group and each member should understand and respect each other, not say anything or do anything that is not conducive to unity, and cultivate and improve themselves into an administrative leader with strategic vision, systematic concept, comprehensive ability and innovative spirit. (2) Don't give multiple orders to subordinates. A job, it is best to have only one department head; A subordinate unit, it is best to have only one superior leader. On the other hand, it is difficult to ensure the high efficiency of the administrative department.
4. The system should be sound.
(1) Leadership responsibility system. Only when all administrative actions have a legal basis as much as possible can we play the role of various scientific management systems. According to the terms of reference, what should be decided by the person in charge at which level should not and cannot be pushed to collective research and discussion, otherwise the formulated system will lose its significance and the timeliness of decision-making will be greatly reduced. Only by clarifying the rules of administrative litigation and the rules of the first-level person in charge can we unify government decrees, unify standards, concentrate our efforts, make overall plans, control levels, command flexibly, learn from each other's strong points and use them freely.
(2) post responsibility system. According to the principle of administrative authorization and division of responsibilities, determine the scope of tasks and responsibilities for staff, and establish a post responsibility system from top to bottom. There are many things and clues in the administrative department. Documents are often busy, can not be urged in time, the lack of investigation and study of subordinate units, not to be held accountable. As a result, much cry and little rain. This requires clarifying the responsibilities from the system, assigning posts, responsibilities, authorities, rewards and punishments, regular attendance and performance appraisal to staff, and solving problems such as unclear powers and responsibilities, unclear responsibilities, chaotic procedures, and buck passing.
(3) graded responsibility system. From the perspective of administrative management, any administrative organization should solve the problem of how many subordinates a boss can manage. This problem is called control scope, also called management scope. Every organization, every level, has a management scope problem. If it is too wide, it will inevitably lead to bloated institutions and overstaffed people. If it is too narrow, there are too many people and too few things, and no one cares about everything, so the work pressure is great. Therefore, too wide and too narrow a management scope is not conducive to the development and rational utilization of human resources, and is also not conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of cadres. In accordance with the principle of hierarchical management, higher authorities and lower leaders should clarify the scope of authority and responsibility, implement a hierarchical responsibility system, carry out their duties and responsibilities, and effectively solve the disadvantages of ultra vires command and leapfrog reporting. Practice has proved that only by strengthening the responsibility system layer by layer can we achieve the checks and balances of decentralization, hierarchical management and hierarchical responsibility, stimulate the democratic spirit and give full play to the subjective initiative of all levels.
In a word, low administrative efficiency will make enterprises rigid, function dislocation, supervision error and authority decrease, while high administrative efficiency will make enterprises run flexibly and orderly, with strong control and high prestige. Improving administrative efficiency is of great significance and involves a wide range, which needs to be discussed by enterprise leaders and practical workers at all levels of administrative departments in order to establish a correct view of administrative efficiency.