First, the cost management and control of landscape engineering projects in the early stage
(1) Reasonable investment estimation is the premise and guidance. Once the investment estimate is approved, it will become the maximum investment limit of the construction project and the overall goal of cost control. Therefore, whether the investment estimation is accurate or not will not only affect the investment decision of a construction project, but also directly affect the correct compilation of design budget and construction drawing budget based on investment estimation, as well as the effective management and control of project cost in the implementation stage. If the investment estimate is too high, it will lead investors to plan ahead. If the investment estimate is too low and the planning is backward, the final settlement of the project will exceed the investment limit. (2) Cost management and control in the design stage of landscape engineering The cost management and control in the early stage of landscape engineering is the focus of the whole process of landscape engineering, and the cost management and control in the early stage is its core. However, the actual project design stage is a stage with many problems, so this stage is also the focus of this paper.
Second, the main problems in the design stage of landscape engineering
(1) One-sidedness of design results Because the current landscape design scheme relies too much on investors' narrow views and wrong signals, designers often want their own works, only consider the novelty of the works, pursue the luxury and aestheticism of the scheme, grandstanding, and have no time to take care of economic and technical issues. The design subject lacks unity, which leads to the artificial dismemberment of the optimal, most reasonable and most scientific design scheme, and ultimately leads to the increasing investment cost of the project. The amount of investment cannot be directly proportional to the effectiveness of construction. (2) Limitations of design scheme evaluation Most landscape projects are public welfare projects invested by the government, but for projects invested by the government, administrative leaders are often guests of landscape design scheme evaluation. Because of the decision-making power of the project, the evaluation role of experts is often replaced by the competent leader of administrative intervention. The limitation of the professional perspective of administrative leadership and the guidance of administrative thinking are easy to locate in the design scheme, and the concept and investment scale are misleading. The cost in the design stage is often too different from the original intention of the designer, which directly affects the cost control of project construction. (3) The investigation of natural environment and human environment in the early stage of design is not informative. Landscape projects are mostly urban supporting projects or built in blocks with poor geological conditions, and their urban underground pipe network, geology and hydrology, surrounding environment and service objects directly affect the construction cost of the project. The lack of basic environmental data in the preliminary investigation directly affects cost control. At the same time, garden is an art, which not only has the function of sensory rest, but also embodies a spiritual artistic conception, which needs to express a cultural charm, historical background and humanistic atmosphere. Therefore, before the design, we must carefully investigate and study the local historical background, customs and local characteristics. If the preliminary investigation is not deep enough, it will also affect the correct positioning of the design. Deviation from the design theme leads to the inability to grasp the cost in the design stage and the uncontrollable cost in the construction stage. (4) The charging method of landscape engineering design fee is unreasonable. The amount of garden engineering design fees depends on the total project cost and the size of the construction area, which leads some design units to blindly expand the project scale and increase the construction cost per unit area in pursuit of profits, especially using large-scale seedlings in greening seedlings to increase the planting density of seedlings. Excessive use of rare plants and extravagant use of expensive building materials have artificially increased the project cost. (5) Cost management and control measures in landscape engineering design stage 1. Project design should implement the system of scheme bidding and public evaluation and publicity of scheme results. Introducing bidding competition mechanism into landscape engineering design scheme will promote the risk awareness of designers and improve the design level and economic accounting quality. So as to achieve the purpose of optimal design. After receiving the results of the design scheme, the construction unit shall first organize experts and relevant technical personnel to conduct a public review of the scheme, listen to the design report of the design unit, put forward modification opinions or constructive opinions, and strive to ensure that the design scheme is used under economic and reasonable conditions. At the same time, publicize the candidate scheme and the winning bid scheme, and brainstorm. Actively listen to social opinions. 2. The cost control in the design stage of landscape engineering should implement the quota design system. Under the premise of ensuring the use of functions, all majors should control the design according to the allocated investment, strictly control the unreasonable design changes in the design, strengthen the management of inevitable changes in the project design process, and implement dynamic control of quotas. If changes are made during the design stage, you can modify the drawings. If changes are made during the construction process, it will inevitably cause great losses to investors. If quota design and quota dynamic control are implemented, under the premise that the scheme and construction drawing are economical and reasonable, the behavior of artificially demanding design changes will be greatly reduced. 3. Apply the principle of value engineering to make a preliminary design. Designers and engineering economists should make a good technical and economic comparison of various schemes, strive to realize the necessary functions of the project at the lowest cost, and pursue aesthetics under the condition of meeting the use functions. Determine the design scheme with the least investment to create the greatest economic and social benefits as the winning bid scheme, and strive to improve the accuracy of the preliminary design budget, so as to make it the basis for controlling the cost in the design stage. 4. Try the form of consulting agency in the design stage. The form of consulting agency limited to the construction bidding stage should be extended to the design stage, and the design stage should be completed by entrusting consulting agencies to represent the preliminary design optimization opinions of the project, checking whether the design documents meet and implement the requirements of relevant laws and regulations, checking the rationality of the budget, and checking the design depth of the design documents.
Third, strengthen the cost management in the implementation stage of municipal engineering projects.
In the implementation stage of landscape engineering, the management and control of engineering cost can be divided into bidding management stage and construction management stage. In the tender management stage, the tender documents should clearly stipulate the valuation method, quota and settlement method of the project cost. In the construction stage of the project, we must act according to the contract, record and collect all information, and fully implement the contract. Effectively control the project cost. (1) The compilation of bill of quantities is the key bill of quantities provided in the bidding documents at the bidding stage. It must be calculated according to the design drawings, and counted and arranged according to the calculation rules promulgated by the state or local government, that is, unified project division method, unified measurement unit and unified engineering quantity calculation method, so as to obtain the list. The personnel who prepare the bill of quantities must have a strong knowledge of budget business. Moreover, it is necessary to have certain engineering design knowledge and construction experience, as well as comprehensive scientific knowledge such as materials and mechanical construction technology. The engineering projects in the bill of quantities should be general in debugging and concise. At the same time, there must be no omissions or errors to ensure the correctness of the appraisal project. Engineering departments with different levels of requirements should be separated. Separate projects with different situations and possibly different quotations. (2) In the construction of landscape engineering, we should strictly control the amount of materials, make various choices and reasonably determine the material procurement. The material cost of landscape engineering projects often accounts for a large proportion in the project, generally accounting for about 75% of the budget. Therefore, we must strictly control the amount of materials in the contract and reasonably determine the materials in the construction stage. So as to effectively control the project cost. Market economy provides various channels for material supply, and there are many kinds of materials. Material procurement personnel should pay close attention to the market situation, with the progress of the project in-depth site and market, grasp the first-hand construction situation, and effectively control the project cost. (3) During the construction of landscape engineering, changes should be strictly controlled, and the project budget should be controlled within the construction process. Seriously implement the on-site visa system, and it is strictly forbidden to expand the construction scale, improve the design standards and increase the construction content through design changes. Necessary design changes, especially those involving increase or decrease, must be signed by representatives of design units, site representatives of construction units and supervision engineers, and such changes should be realized as soon as possible to reduce losses. (4) Strictly manage the on-site visa and keep abreast of the project cost changes during the construction. The construction unit should strengthen the management of on-site construction, urge the construction party to carry out the construction according to the drawings, strictly control the change negotiation, material substitution, on-site visa, extra labor and all kinds of over-budget, implement the system of "grading control and quota visa" in actual operation, and settle the necessary changes before spending money. Once there is a change, it is necessary to calculate the increase or decrease due to the change of workload in time and grasp the engineering quota at any time. Understand the project cost. The construction unit shall assign project cost management professionals to the construction site at any time to master and control the changes of project cost. At the same time, the representatives stationed at the site should carefully make all kinds of records, especially the records of concealed works and the documents of on-site visas, so as to reduce the phenomenon of wrangling during settlement. Many projects have brought great trouble to the project settlement because of the careless on-site visa, which has caused considerable economic losses. Therefore, strict on-site visa management is the control in the construction stage.
Fourth, the key point of cost control in the completion acceptance stage is to do a good job in the audit of final accounts.
First of all, in the final accounts of project completion, auditors should stick to the contract, and the audit of engineering quantity should strictly follow the requirements of the construction contract to review the design changes and on-site visas that appear during the construction process, especially to strictly control off-budget projects and reduce the workload that is not completed according to the requirements of drawings and the construction visas that are not implemented according to regulations; Any breach of contract explicitly included in the contract terms, the breach of contract included in the risk fee, and the breach of contract not implemented according to the contract terms should be reduced, and the audit should be strictly controlled. When the construction enterprise is required to submit the corresponding engineering calculation formula and material consumption list, the cost management unit should also prepare a complete settlement book and material consumption list for accurate measurement audit. Secondly, in the final accounts audit, we should also pay attention to check the correctness of the project unit price, the items in the final accounts and the accuracy of the procedures, and make analysis and calculation according to the actual situation on the spot. The above is an introduction to "Management and Control of Garden Project Cost". For more information, please visit Zhong Da for consultation.
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