First, the cultivation of species
According to the international marketing situation and the appreciation habits of different consumers, the comprehensive situation of peony varieties has been studied in recent two years, and 24 varieties suitable for cut flowers have been basically screened out, such as White Princess Yang Bath, Warm Golden Wheel, Deep Purple Loyalty, Pink Girl Makeup and Pink Bamboo Leaf Red. , and summed up the cut flowers should have the following characteristics:
1, beautiful and generous plant type, thick and straight stems, small and dense leaves, straight and tight.
2. The patterns of flowers are beautiful. Pink, white and yellow are the main flower patterns, Huang Ju and Rosa davurica are the main flower patterns, and others are supplemented.
3. The plant has strong growth potential, strong tillering ability, strong flower richness and adaptability, few side buds, floral fragrance or Luzhou-flavor liquor.
4. In order to reduce the damage of cut flowers to plants and ensure that plants still have 1-2 leaves after cut flowers, the first leaf should be cultivated in a low position, and the height-width ratio of the first leaf to the road surface is generally about 15cm.
5, the pattern pattern has characteristics, the flower material is hard and shiny, the flower bone does not burst, the number of points is small, and the flower cooking time is long.
6. Strong drought resistance and resistance to diseases such as leaf spot.
Second, planting techniques
1, site selection and fertilization: Paeonia lactiflora is a fleshy root, which likes dryness and hates dampness. Therefore, it should be planted in sandy soil with high dryness, excellent drainage pipes, thick soil layer, loose soil layer and rich soil layer. In order to make plants grow healthily, subsoiling fertilization should be carried out in the previous month, with organic fertilizer as the leading fertilizer, and 4000KG compost can be applied to 1 mu.
2. Reasonable close planting: cut peony grows for a long time, and reasonable close planting is one of the important countermeasures to determine the flower quantity and cut flower quality. Generally 1 mu can be planted 1000-2000 peonies.
Third, cultivation techniques.
In the whole growth process of peony, we should do well in every growth stage without hesitation.
1, soil cultivation: immediately cultivate the soil, and make sure that the grass must be hoed, after the rain, and in case of drought. In spring, soil consolidation and anti-freezing are the main methods, and the depth can reach 10cm. Weeding in summer is mainly shallow and the depth can reach 3-5cm. In short, it should be built on the basis of not damaging the root system.
2. Topdressing irrigation: In order to achieve the necessity of fattening in the growth and development of Paeonia lactiflora, after the first year of planting, Paeonia lactiflora is generally not topdressing because of sufficient base fertilizer and negligible nutrient consumption. Starting from the second year, topdressing must be done three times a year, and the first time is chemical fertilizer. Generally speaking, before and after beginning of spring, the growth of plants and the growth and development of flowers and bones have sufficient nutrients; The second is bud fertilizer, which is usually carried out in the second half of flower decay to promote plant growth and bud production; The third time is winter fertilization, usually after the winter solstice and before freezing. This topdressing can not only improve soil organic matter, but also be beneficial to the safety of Paeonia lactiflora in winter. According to the size of the plant, topdressing can be applied by deep application, hole application or thin application. Paeonia lactiflora 1-2 years old, with underdeveloped rhizomes.
For young people who belong to the category of digestion and absorption of nutrition, deep application and acupoint application are used. Paeonia lactiflora for more than 3 years can use general fertilizer, and then turn the fertilizer over and bury it to make it mix evenly with the soil layer. 1 and the second topdressing is mainly organic fertilizer, and the third topdressing is mainly soil cake fertilizer with good fertilizer efficiency, supplemented by other diversified compound fertilizers, and topdressing is generally mixed. In order to improve the quality of cut flowers, it is necessary to water the cut flowers for more than half a month. Generally, attention should be paid to flood prevention and water cannot be stored quickly.
3. Pest control: The key diseases of Paeonia lactiflora include brown spot disease, carbon maggot disease and rust disease. The prevention method is to clear the dead leaves in the field immediately from winter to around, and focus on burning to solve the germs. At the initial stage of the disease in May, agricultural streptomycin 1: 1.65438 times was sprayed every 160 days. White grubs can be sprayed with bean cake or bran mixed bait in the field at dusk, and can also be sprayed with light effect. 1 mu carbofuran mixed bait was applied, then plowed and hoed, and aphids were prevented with 50% phoxim 200 times fog.
4. Remove the lateral buds: In order to make the nutrients grow towards the center and make the buds turn white, the lateral buds should be removed immediately for plants with lateral buds.
Fourth, cutting technology.
1, moderate cutting: The best cutting time is when the flower bone is translucent, and it is usually cut after 10 in the morning to prevent the leaves from wilting when the environmental humidity is too high.
2. Cutting method: The cutting mechanism should be unified and divided into several working groups, with clear responsibilities and strict practical operation as required. In practice, the length of different kinds of flower buds should be separated and not mixed, and listed according to the types.
3. Post-harvest treatment process: immediately put the cut flowers into a bucket filled with cold storage liquid and quickly move them to the ultra-low temperature fresh-keeping cold storage to solve the problem. First, remove the leaves from the branches. Generally, only 2-3 compound leaves are left at the top of each branch, and the rest are removed from the leaf end and stem end. Then, rinse with flowing cold water to wash off all the appendages on the buds, stems and leaves. Then, put the cut flowers into the prepared pesticides and fungicides and soak them at medium speed. After taking it out, put it on the actual operating table with scale, cut it according to the specified length, and dry the water.
4. Packaging and transportation: Tie the cut flowers into 5- 10 bundles according to the customer's regulations, and then put them into special bags for cut flowers. When loading, fill in the freight bill as required, and fill in new items such as type, pattern, total number of pieces, delivery date, address and operator. Two years' practical experience proves that it is good to choose ultra-low temperature international air transportation. Generally, controlling the temperature at 2℃ can eliminate the influence of unfavorable conditions such as high temperature and long time on the quality of cut flowers during transportation.