12 prefecture-level city:
Harbin, Qiqihar, Hegang, Shuangyashan, Jixi, Daqing, Yichun and Mu.
Danjiang, Jiamusi, qitaihe city, Heihe, Suihua.
Area: Daxinganling area.
18 County-level cities: shangzhi city, Shuangcheng, wuchang city, nehe city, Mishan, Hulin, tieli city, suifenhe city, Ning 'an, hailin city, Muling, Tongjiang, Fujin, Bei 'an, wudalianchi city, Anda, Zhaodong and Helen.
Heilongjiang map
Heilongjiang Province, referred to as Hei for short, is the capital of Harbin, located in the northeast of China. The northern and eastern ends of China are located in this province, hence the name, because there is Heilongjiang in the northern part of the province.
In the east and north of Heilongjiang, Wusuli River and Heilongjiang are adjacent to Russia, and the land and water border with Russia is about 3045 kilometers long. It borders Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the west and Jilin Province in the south. It is located between 43 26' and 53 33' north latitude, east longitude1211'~135 05', and the north-south length is about11.
Heilongjiang has jurisdiction over 12 prefecture-level cities, 1 region and 2 provincial-level cities. ***64 municipal districts, 18 county-level cities, 45 counties, 1 autonomous county. Harbin is a sub-provincial city under its jurisdiction, and Qiqihar is a bigger city (with local legislative power). Heilongjiang belongs to Songnen Plain in the west, Sanjiang Plain in the northeast and mountainous areas in the north and southeast. Many plains are 50-200 meters above sea level.
Heilongjiang is a heavy industry base in China, with high-end manufacturing, aerospace, machinery, petroleum, coal, wood, efficient agriculture and animal husbandry, and food industry as its main industries. Agriculture is highly intensive and is an important commodity grain base in China.
I. Topography
The topography of Heilongjiang Province is generally high in northwest, north and southeast, and low in northeast and southwest, which is mainly composed of mountains, platforms, plains and water surfaces.
The northwest is Daxing 'anling, which runs from northeast to southwest, the north is Xiaoxing 'anling, which runs from northwest to southeast, and the middle is connected by Irkuli Mountain. The southeast is Zhangguangcailing, Laoyeling and Wandashan, which runs from northeast to southwest, and the land accounts for about 24.7% of the total area of the province. Hilly areas above 300 meters above sea level account for about 35.8% of the province; Sanjiang Plain in the northeast and Songnen Plain in the west are part of the largest plain in China, accounting for 37.0% of the total area of the province, with an average elevation of 50-200 meters. The highest point in the province is Dagudingzi Mountain at an altitude of 1690 meters.
Second, the climate characteristics
Heilongjiang Province is located in the east of Eurasia, the west coast of the Pacific Ocean and the northeast of China, with a temperate continental monsoon climate. Judging from the 30-year average of 196 1 ~ 1990, the annual average temperature in the whole province is mostly between -5℃ and 5℃, decreasing from south to north, with Nenjiang and Yichun as 0℃ isolines. The range of accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ is 1800 ~ 2800℃, and the accumulated temperature decreases about 1 00℃ with the increase of latitude in plain area; For every increase of 100 m in mountainous area, the accumulated temperature decreases 100℃ ~ 170℃. The frost-free period in the whole province is between 100 ~ 150 days, and between 140 ~ 150 days in the south and east. In most areas, the first frost appears in late September, and the final frost ends from late April to early May.
The annual precipitation in the whole province is mostly between 400-650 mm, with more in the central mountainous area, followed by the east, and less in the west and north. In a year, the precipitation in the growing season accounts for about 83% ~ 94% of the total annual rainfall. Rainfall resources are relatively stable, especially in summer, with small variability, generally 2 1% ~ 35%. The annual sunshine hours in the province are mostly 2400 ~ 2800 hours, of which the sunshine hours in the growing season account for 44% ~ 48% of the total hours, with more in the west and less in the east.
The province is rich in solar radiation resources, equivalent to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The annual total solar radiation is between 44× 108 and 50× 108 joules/square meter. The temporal and spatial distribution of solar radiation is characterized by more in the south and less in the north, the most in summer and the least in winter, and the total radiation in the growing season accounts for 55% ~ 60% of the whole year. The annual average wind speed is mostly 2 ~ 4m/s, with the largest wind speed in spring and the most windy days in southwest, and abundant wind energy resources. ?
Three. natural resource
132 minerals have been discovered in the whole province, accounting for 56.4% of the 234 minerals discovered in China. There are 8/kloc-0 minerals with proven reserves, accounting for 36.3% of the country's proven mineral resources (223 species). Among them, there are 5 kinds of energy minerals, 3 kinds of black minerals, 6 kinds of non-ferrous metals 1 1, 6 kinds of precious metals, 8 kinds of rare, rare earth and dispersed elements, 7 kinds of nonmetallic minerals as metallurgical auxiliary materials, 7 kinds of nonmetallic minerals as chemical raw materials, 32 kinds of building materials and other nonmetallic minerals, and 2 kinds of water and gas minerals.
The largest reserves in China are 10, namely: petroleum, crystalline graphite, pigment yellow clay, feldspar, as-cast basalt, rock wool basalt, volcanic ash, marble for cement, sillimanite and rhenium ore; Followed by two kinds, namely: marble and pumice for glass; There are six kinds in the third place, namely: selenium ore, perlite, glass time, clay for ceramsite, limestone for ash making and peat; There are 42 minerals accounting for the first 10. Metallogenic geological conditions of iron, antimony, nickel, diamond, boron, fluorite, asbestos, phosphate rock, pyrite and potassium. The province is poor, with low resource utilization rate and insufficient self-sufficiency rate.
Four. forest resources
Heilongjiang Province is one of the major forestry provinces in China, and natural forest resources are the main part of forest resources in Heilongjiang Province, mainly distributed in Daxing 'anling, Changbai Mountain and Wandashan.
The total area of forestry management in Heilongjiang is 3 1.75 million hectares, accounting for 2/3 of the province's land area. The forest area is 20.07 million hectares, with a total volume of 654.38+0.5 billion cubic meters and a forest coverage rate of 43.6%. Forest area, total forest volume and timber output rank among the top in China, and it is the most important state-owned forest area and the largest timber production base in China. There are more than 0/00 species of trees/kloc, and there are more than 30 species with high utilization value.