2, a detailed understanding of resources, and make a quality evaluation. Clear supplementary sources.
3. Scientifically analyze the relationship between each link of the project.
4. Do a good job in risk assessment.
5. Prepare the project schedule, budget and risk plan.
Question 2: Project management experience: How to make a project plan We will introduce in detail how to make a project plan from the aspects of the content and implementation focus of the project plan. Project planning is very important in the whole software development process. This is because there are many activities in the software project, which affect each other, so project management is needed, and the basis of project management is project plan. Content of project plan Generally speaking, the project team begins to make the project plan after the software development contract is signed (there are also cases where the project plan is made after the requirements analysis is completed). Statement of work is often used as the main input condition for project planning (of course, not all projects have statement of work, but the corresponding documents should provide similar contents), and the formulation of project planning needs to meet the requirements of work scope, schedule and resources given in the statement of work. The project plan usually includes the following contents:-Project organization structure, description and explanation of responsibilities. Explain the organizational structure, reporting channels, affiliation, job description and the corresponding relationship between personnel and jobs of the project team. -Resource plan. Describe the resources required by the project, including hardware resources, software resources, human resources, etc. , and indicate the arrival time and release date of the resource. If it is human resources, you need to add other information, such as department, * * * or full-time. -Project quality assurance plan. Describe the quality assurance activities carried out in the project from the perspective of quality assurance, such as set quality objectives, audit activities, daily activities, etc. -Test plan. Test method, test stage, test entrance and exit conditions, etc. -Configure the management plan. Configuration item identification, naming specification, change process, etc. -Training plan. Including training courses, time, personnel, expenses, assessment criteria and other information. -Risk management plan. Risk identification, classification, severity estimation, occurrence probability estimation, etc. How does the WBS project plan reflect the scope of work? The common way is to subdivide the scope of work into activities through work breakdown, and then allocate time and resources to each activity. The sum of the results of the activities is the scope of work. We call this breakdown plan WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) plan. Making WBS plan is the most important activity in making project plan. Making WBS plan is mainly divided into the following three steps: first, break down the work tasks. A total scope of work (software project XXX) is gradually subdivided into appropriate granularity for planning, executing and controlling tasks. For software projects, task decomposition is not simply planning activities, but determining a task decomposition structure according to the characteristics of the project. In practical work, technical factors will be considered more to determine the form of work breakdown structure. Secondly, define activity dependency. After determining the activities to be completed in the project, it is necessary to define the dependencies between these activities. The dependence between activities depends on the requirements of actual work, and the dependence between different activities determines the priority and importance of activities. Activity dependency is a necessary condition to determine the critical path of the project and the floating time of the activity. The purpose of defining dependencies between activities is to determine the required input and output relationships for each activity. Third, allocate time and resources. After completing the task decomposition and defining the dependencies of activities, you should allocate corresponding time and resources for each activity. Usually activities produce their own deliverables. There are two different ways to allocate time for activities: bottom-up and top-down. Bottom-up is to estimate the time required for minimum granularity activities first, and the project time depends on the critical path time of all project activities; Top-down is to determine the total time required to complete the project, and then allocate time to different activities. These two methods have been applied in practice. For customer projects, a top-down approach can only be adopted in many cases, because most projects have already determined the delivery time of the project in advance. In software project planning, resource allocation mainly refers to the allocation of personnel. After specifying time resources, you should specify human resources. Whether a task can be completed or not, time and personnel are the two most important variables. Within a certain range, time and personnel are interchangeable. That is, increasing staff will shorten working hours; Prolonging time will reduce the demand for personnel (but the harm of this view is that managers often think that all activities can exchange time and human resources).
Question 3: How to make a project plan? 1, cover
This is an easily overlooked part. Many organizations think that content is more important than form. In fact, form can express content better. In addition, the project plan is also a very important window for funding agencies to know and understand us. Professional rigor can definitely add points.
The cover can only write the name and date of the project, or include the following information: the name of the project; Application (execution) institution; Mailing address; Telephone, fax and e-mail; Contact person (person in charge);
You can also list bank accounts, lawyers, audit institutions and other information on the cover.
In addition, if you are raising funds from an organization, you'd better add a simple cover letter in front. Since a project plan can be submitted to multiple funding agencies, it needs a personalized cover letter that starts with "someone from an organization" to show your concern and respect for the organization.
2. Project Summary (General)
This is the most important part, and it is also the part that readers read and browse first. To know that the project managers of the foundation receive a large number of application requests every day, they may not have enough time to "read" all the project plans. Therefore, the' summary' part of the project will be the decisive factor affecting the result of the' primary election'; In the summary section, collect all the information you think is important. The summary generally includes: the background information, mission and purpose of the organization; Problems and solutions to be solved in the project; The ability and successful experience of the project applicant, etc.
It should be pointed out in particular that although the project summary part is ranked in the first half of the plan, in fact, this part was written after all the plans were written.
3. Project background, existing problems and requirements
In this part, you need to introduce the existing problems in detail and why you want to design this project to solve these problems. To fully explain the seriousness and urgency of the problem, it is best to provide some data, which will not only fully explain the problem, but also show your understanding of the project. In addition, some real and typical cases can be used to impress readers emotionally and arouse their * * *. Need to explain the cause of the project, logical causality, beneficiary groups and their relationship with other social problems.
Generally speaking, this section includes the following main information:
* Project scope (issues and events, beneficiary groups);
* Macro and social environment leading to the project;
* Reasons and reasons for proposing this project;
Other long-term and strategic significance;
4. Objectives and outputs
After convincing the funding agency of the existence of the "problem", clearly put forward your solution. Encourage inter-agency cooperation. If there are other institutional partners, we should also make it clear.
In this part, you should introduce your project plan, the overall goal, phased goals and tasks of the project, and the evaluation criteria of each goal in detail. The overall goal is a long-term, macroscopic, conceptual and abstract description. The overall goal can be decomposed into a series of specific, measurable, achievable and time-marked phased goals. For example, "reducing illiteracy" is the overall goal, and "making 200 rural women know 1000 words by June 2005" is the specific goal. The statement of objectives must be very clear. The most important thing is to set realistic goals. Don't promise what you can't do. Remember, what the funders want to see in the project completion report is that the project has actually achieved these established goals.
5. Beneficiary groups
In this part, you should describe the beneficiary groups of the project in more detail. If necessary, income groups can also be divided into direct income groups and indirect income groups. For example, the direct beneficiaries of the capacity-building project of non-profit organization information consultation center are domestic NGOs and NGO employees, but the indirect beneficiaries are the service targets of NGOs. Because through capacity building, the service ability and efficiency of non-governmental organizations have been improved, so as to provide better, more and more perfect services for the clients. Another example is a service organization for the disabled, whose direct beneficiaries are the disabled, and the indirect beneficiaries are their families, even the whole society.
Many funders hope that the beneficiary groups can participate in the project from beginning to end. Especially in the design stage of the project, the participation of beneficiary groups is more important. You can list the activities that the beneficiary groups participate in the project in the attachment, including organizing seminars and conference topics that the beneficiary groups participate in ... >>
Question 4: How to write the project development plan? 1, with clear development direction.
2. Focus and core of the project
3. Objectives
4. Market prospect and prospect
5, the specific steps of implementation
6, the timeliness of implementation and people, machines and things.
7. Corresponding cooperation departments and support.
8, the final effect
Question 5: How to write the project plan? To write a good plan, we must first grasp what investors are concerned about and where the highlights of the project are. It is best to combine the two and try to find out the best interests of investors in detail!
Wish you success!
Question 6: A new plan is needed. How to manage the plan and schedule 1 No matter what project you are working on, you should be as standardized and streamlined as possible. Form various document templates, sort out, share and summarize various problems encountered in the project process. If the company does not have standard documents, summarize and accumulate them by yourself. Standardization can reduce a lot of pressure and work.
2, clear everyone's job functions and tasks, before making the project plan, let everyone participate in the discussion, the main workload of the division of labor, everyone clearly know their own work tasks and time, reduce wrangling. If you control fewer projects and fewer people, such as 10 people, and you are in the same place, it is best to spend 10 minutes every morning to hold an early meeting to confirm the progress of the previous day. If there are many people, write a work log every day and summarize the work every week. The project manager spends half an hour every day to find problems in time and confirm the progress. A project team should have 6-8 people at most 15 people. The task should be practical and clear within a week.
3. Learn effective entrustment and authorization. Each project is accompanied by one or two core personnel, who participate in project management through standardized methods. Classify the work in the project. If you can delegate, you must delegate, and pay attention to schedule control and user communication.
4. Apply an emergency.
According to experience, emergencies are generally divided into three categories:
Personnel changes, technical factors, changes in customer needs or communication problems.
(1) Staff turnover is a headache, which often leads to staff turnover or sudden resignation. We can only rely on the personal charm of the project manager, contact and communicate more at ordinary times, try to be nice to the brothers who work together, and make psychological preparations before the incident. In large companies with good conditions, some reserve personnel can be prepared. We must always keep in touch with the technical backbone of the project and maintain a good relationship. As long as these people are involved, there is hope for this project.
(2) Technical factors. When doing a project, use mature technology and don't use any unproven new technology. The main purpose of the project manager is to complete the project, not to learn technology and be cool. Generally, before the project is carried out, you can confirm the technical difficulties and solve the main technical problems with the company's technical director and main developers. On the other hand, we usually accumulate more contacts in the industry and attend more industry gatherings. If you really have a problem, you can't handle it. Ask others for help.
(3) Changes in customer needs or communication problems. That's all that matters. Generally led by the project manager or senior technician. Never give priority to newcomers. In-depth understanding of user needs, it is best to use prototype method to confirm with users. Know who is the decision-maker among users, not the one who discusses the requirements, contact and communicate more, confirm the main functions, and take more records. If there is a big demand change, there will be a meeting and many people will sign it. The project manager should underline the project and define the bottom line and boundary of the project.
5. Define the acceptance conditions of the project.
Before you do a project, you must know what conditions the project can meet before it can be accepted and refunded. For most projects, it is much more important to complete the acceptance as soon as possible than to make the project perfect.
A successful project manager is a person who dances in the cracks. He can finish the project with limited resources, limited people and limited time.
Question 7: How to make a project plan? Foreword: planning basis
catalogue
Target determination
The project objective is the expected result or final product of the project, which should be as specific and quantitative as possible, mainly including:
Time-limited goal
Cost worker constraint target
Technical product requirements and specifications
Products meet specific needs and personalized delivery.
The goal is usually determined according to the following factors, and it is required to complete the scheduled tasks within a certain time and budget.
working range
Scheduled plan
expense
Mission objective evaluation
Fill in the project definition or project objective statement.
Communicate and confirm with the superior of the project task, confirm whether the goal is accurate, and further clarify the project goal results and related constraints.
After confirmation, WBS is decomposed according to the project objective statement, and the network plan and key route are drawn.
The difference between WBS and traditional schedule
The main difference between WBS and traditional schedule is that WBS is the * * * of all the work of the project, while traditional schedule generally does not include project management elements. Incorporating project management elements conforms to the principle of WBS 100% coverage, which enables WBS to cover project management and implementation, and also makes WBS more extensive.
Decomposition of WBS In practice, WBS covers and decomposes all the work of the project, which is static and has no implementation order. It answers what the project wants to accomplish.
Application of Work Breakdown Structure (1)
Application of Work Breakdown Structure (2)
The potential idea of WBS
Break down the project into several work packages that can be assigned independently and take responsibility independently;
The most basic purpose of WBS is to artistically synthesize the three different structures of project product, project process and project organization into the result of project decomposition structure.
The project is large, complex and difficult to control, until the decomposed sub-projects are easy to implement and control.
Goal-based WBS decomposition process
WBS decomposition model
WBS decomposition type 1: division based on deliverables.
The upper layer is usually delivery-oriented.
The lower level is usually the work content of deliverables.
WBS decomposition type 2: division based on work process
The upper layer is decomposed according to the workflow.
The lower level is divided according to the work content.
WBS work code
Arranged by multi-bit codes from high to low, each job is required to have a unique code.
1000
1 100
1 1 10
1 1 1 1
1 1 12
1 1 13
1 120
1 12 1
1 122
1 123
1200
Determine whether WBS has been decomposed to a sufficiently detailed level.
1. Is it necessary to improve the accuracy of cost estimation and time schedule estimation of WBS elements?
2. Is there more than one person in charge of 2.WBS elements?
3. Do the elements of 3.WBS include multiple deliverables or implementation processes?
4. Is it necessary to define the cost of work process or deliverable separately in WBS?
5. Is it necessary to know the time progress of workflow in WBS more accurately?
6. Are the deliverables in different WBS elements interdependent?
7. Is there a clear time interval for work implementation in the work breakdown structure?
8. Will an element's demand for resources change with time?
9. Is there a clear target standard to measure the progress of an element of WBS?
10. Are these acceptance criteria still applicable until all elements of WBS are completed?
Are there any risks in some elements of 1 1? WBS that need special attention?
12. Can a part of WBS elements be used as an independent unit of time schedule?
13. Do project managers, project teams and other stakeholders, including customers, have a clear and complete understanding of the elements of WBS?
14. Is there any interested party interested in the present situation and performance of a certain element of WBS?
Work breakdown structure (abbreviation of work breakdown structure) ...>& gt
Question 8: What are the steps for planning project activities? In the case of event planning, I understand the following five questions, nine times out of ten:
1. Know who to write the planning case for.
2. What problems should be solved in this planned activity?
3. Case planning defines the three stages of the activity.
4. Come up with vivid memory points.
Step 5 pay attention to details
The following questions are explained one by one:
1, know who to write the planning case for.
Be sure to determine what activities to do according to the attributes of the enterprise.
It is very suitable for beer production enterprises to hold beer festivals, but it is not suitable for models to walk on the catwalk at freshmen's parties. Villa is very suitable for promoting tall wine tasting, enjoying a diamond and playing a violin, but it is not suitable for third-rate singers to sing. Everyone knows this truth, but don't be confused when writing a case. The sponsors must stick to their own taste principle and don't make do with saving money just because there are ready-made model teams in the university. Don't you know that every detail of the business is accumulating its own credibility?
2. What problems are planned for this activity?
Why do you want to do activities? What is the purpose of the activity? Always think about this goal when planning the whole case, every detail is close to the goal, and everything that has nothing to do with the goal is cut off, so that the theme can be clear. There are only two purposes of the activity: selling products and enhancing corporate image. Is to serve products and enterprises. Don't have a personal show. Narcissistic foot wrap, everyone is disgusting.
3. In this case, three clear stages of activities should be planned.
There are both suppression and promotion in the planning case, so it is best to clarify the three stages of the activity.
Novels are paved, four seasons are brewed and harvested, life is painted and bloomed, and so are activities. If they are all high-profile participants, they will be tired. The activities of these three stages are the foreshadowing period (also known as the communication period); Implementation period; Cooling period.
Maturity. Tell the participants what to do and what benefits they can get, spread it slowly, and the benefits will be more and more every time, and gradually heat up. In the meantime, do everything possible to lure, arouse the interest of participants and try to make them look forward to it.
Activity period. Looking forward to it, * * * has finally arrived. Hungry for a long time, I gave a bowl of fried rice, which was delicious. There must be good ideas at the main stage of this activity. Whether this idea is brilliant or not depends on whether the player is a master or a loser.
Cooling-off period (subsequent stage). This stage is also very important. Through activities, participants have a good impression on products or enterprises. This stage is the stage of completing the purchase. If you give some benefits while it is hot, you can achieve the purpose of the activity.
4. Come up with vivid memory points.
All three stages of activities have clear memory points, and one memory point in each stage is good. For example, the preparation period-issuing tickets, you can get gifts with tickets; Activity period-that song is really nice, reminding me of my first love or taking me back to the past; Cooling-off period-the organizer said that the product discount will last for 10 days. I will go to the mall to buy one next Sunday.
To sum up, the memory points are: the first stage (seduce the target consumers)-where to get good performance tickets; The second stage (there must be something that they will never forget after being tempted)-there must be something that talented participants like; The third stage: (using their goodwill to complete the sale)-I don't want to give up the ticket in my hand, so I will leave someone to go to the mall to see their discount and buy one back.
Step 5 pay attention to details
In the process of proposing, customers can't judge your great wisdom and strategy in a short time, so details become the key to success or failure. This detail includes the format of the proposal document, whether there are spaces at the beginning of the paragraph, whether the words are accurate and whether there are typos.
Another detail is whether the execution time, process and division of labor of the case are meticulous and scientific. I have had such an experience: I clearly stated the execution of activities in a table, so detailed that the customer can know at a glance what he wants to do every day when he gets this table, that is, break down the plan into the calendar. The customers are very happy. He thinks I'm a professional, which is a flattering move.
Of course, to ensure the wonderful implementation, we must consider every detail, really put every detail in the table, remind ourselves and other departments to do every detail well, and there will be no big problems in the implementation of the plan.
I found one online, hoping to help you ... >>
Question 9: How to write a project plan The direct purpose of writing a business plan is to find a strategic partner or venture capital fund, and its content should cherish the investment value of a scientific response project. Generally speaking, the larger the project scale, the longer the business plan; If the business of an enterprise is relatively simple, it can be simpler. The characteristics of a good business plan are: paying attention to products, daring to compete, fully investigating the market, explaining powerful information, indicating the course of action, showing excellent teams, good financial forecast, excellent plan summary and so on. When applying for financing, the business plan is a vital part, regardless of whether the applicant is a venture capital institution or any other source of investment or credit. Therefore, the business plan should be complete in content, sincere in will, based on facts, clear in structure and easy to understand.
Making a business plan has many functions. The most important ones are as follows:
First, the main writing format of the business plan
(1) business plan summary
The summary of business plan is the first thing that venture capitalists should see. It condenses the essence of business plans, reflects the whole picture of business, and is the core of all plans. It must make venture capitalists interested and eager for more information. The length is generally controlled at around 2000 words. Mainly includes the following contents:
1, company profile
2. Research and development
3. Products or services
4. Management team and management organization
5. Industry and market
6. Market strategy
7. financing description
8, financial planning and analysis
9. Risk factors
10, exit mechanism
(II) Company profile
Introduce the company's past development history, present situation and future planning. Specifically, it mainly includes: company profile: including company name, address, contact information, etc. ; The natural operating conditions of the company; The development history of the company; The company's future development forecast; The company's distinctive competitive advantage or uniqueness; The company's tax situation
First, the main writing format of the business plan
(III) Research and development of the company
Introduce the personnel and capital plan invested in R&D and the goals to be achieved, mainly including:
1, investment in scientific research funds
2.R&D personnel
3, research and development equipment
4. Technical progress and development trend of the developed products.
(4) products or services
Entrepreneurs must introduce their product or service ideas to venture capitalists. The main contents are as follows:
1, product name, characteristics and performance use
2. Product development process
3. At which stage of the product's life cycle?
4. What is the market prospect and competitiveness of the product?
5, product technical improvement and upgrade plan and expenses
(5) Management team
When venture capitalists inspect enterprises, "people" is a very important factor. In a sense, the success of venture entrepreneurs ultimately depends on whether the enterprise has a strong management team. This is particularly important for a comprehensive introduction of the company's management team, including: the company's management organization, major shareholders, directors, key employees, salary, stock options, labor agreements, reward and punishment systems, and the composition of various departments. And show the fighting capacity and uniqueness of your company's management team as well as its unique cohesion and fighting spirit.
(vi) Market and competition analysis
Target market: it is mainly to make a reasonable and well-founded judgment on the sales amount, growth rate and total demand of products or services. The target market is the destination where the products are delivered by the enterprise's "business arrow", and market segmentation is the positioning of the enterprise. You should subdivide your target market and discuss how much sales revenue, market share and profit you want from these markets. At the same time, estimate the real potential of your product.
Venture capitalists won't believe your plan just because of a simple number. You must further analyze the factors that may affect demand, market and strategy, so that potential investors can judge the rationality of your company's goals and the corresponding risks. Be sure to tell me how you came to this conclusion.
The following problems should be solved in the target market.
1. What is your market segment?
2. What is your target customer base?
What is your five-year production plan, income and profit?
4. How big is your market? What is your target market share?
5. What is your marketing strategy?
Industry analysis should answer the following questions:
1、......& gt& gt
Question 10: How can enterprise project planning be better? You can try to use the daily affairs management software, which can make the project plan more reasonable, prioritize, and implement it to specific departments and personnel more conveniently, and always see the implementation of the project plan.