1. continuously and efficiently provide indoor fresh air necessary for human body, which is beneficial to human health and children's growth and development;
2. Indoor ventilation can be realized without opening windows, which alleviates the contradiction between window ventilation and outdoor noise, solves the indoor ventilation problem in windy, rainy and snowy weather, or when no one is at home, or when air conditioning or heating facilities are turned on indoors, and has the effects of wind, dust, rain, noise and theft prevention;
3. It can reduce or eliminate the odor in the kitchen and bathroom;
4. It can reduce or eliminate harmful gases released for a long time after indoor decoration;
5. It can reduce or eliminate the occurrence of "decoration disease" and "air conditioning disease" widely discussed in society;
6. It can reduce or eliminate the moldy phenomenon of indoor walls, furniture and clothes caused by poor ventilation for a long time.
It completely solves the defects of traditional ventilation mode, creates an ideal ventilation state of "sound insulation, dust-free, energy saving and high efficiency", continuously delivers fresh air to the room for 24 hours, makes the indoor temperature and humidity balance appropriate, makes the home environment healthy and comfortable, protects the building materials and structure of the house, and prolongs the service life of the house.
Air pollution problems are mainly divided into the following three categories:
The first category-chemical pollution: mainly comes from the pollution of formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia and radon caused by decoration and furniture, toys, gas water heaters, insecticidal sprays, cosmetics, smoking and kitchen fumes;
1, formaldehyde pollution of wood-based panels such as large core board, multi-layer plywood, density fiberboard, adhesive, wallpaper, chemical fiber carpet and foaming materials. May cause formaldehyde pollution. Formaldehyde is an internationally recognized potential carcinogen, which can irritate eyes and respiratory mucosa, cause abnormal immune function, damage multiple organs and nervous system, and even cause fetal malformation.
2. Benzene pollutes glue, paint, coating, adhesive, thermal insulation material and waterproof material. Substance that may release benzene. Benzene is a strong carcinogen. Inhalation of high concentrations of benzene in a short time will cause symptoms of central nervous system anesthesia, ranging from dizziness and nausea to coma.
3. Ammonia Pollution In winter construction, if antifreeze containing urea is added to concrete and sand, ammonia pollution may be caused. Ammonia can cause tears, sore throat, dyspnea, headache, vomiting and other symptoms, and weaken human immunity.
4, radon pollution granite, marble, tiles and other stone materials, ceramic sanitary ware, gypsum, cement may cause radioactive radon pollution. Radon is colorless and tasteless. Even in the environment with high radon concentration, people have no feeling about it. There are 50,000 cases of cancer caused by radon in China every year.
5. Ozone refrigerator, office copier, etc. , will lead to abnormal lung function.
6. Lead automobile exhaust, factory exhaust gas, etc. , damage hematopoiesis, nervous system and kidney, paint is extremely harmful to children, which will cause stunting and mental retardation.
The second category-physical contamination: mainly from noise, light and color pollution caused by indoor and outdoor electrical equipment and radioactive pollution caused by building decoration materials;
1, light pollution If the indoor lights are designed to be colorful or dazzling, it will not only do great harm to vision, but also interfere with the functions of higher nerves in the brain center.
2. Color pollution If you don't pay attention to color blending or use colorful paints too much, it will cause visual fatigue and even lead to emotional and psychological problems. For example, red and pink are easy to increase the burden on the eyes and cause a bad mood; Yellow can make people feel bored.
3. Noise pollution, especially the noise pollution of buildings facing the street, has seriously affected people's normal life, and can cause hearing loss, mental weakness, insomnia and other diseases.
The third category-biological pollution: mainly comes from bacteria such as mites parasitic on indoor decoration materials, daily necessities and air conditioners, as well as pollinosis brought by outdoor.
1. The air polluted by microorganisms contains many pathogens, which can spread a large number of infectious diseases and lead to allergic diseases, such as influenza, measles, meningitis, scarlet fever, legionnaires' disease, etc. European studies show that reducing allergens in indoor air dust can significantly reduce the incidence of asthma in children and the concentration of 1gE antibody in blood.
2, air conditioning disease
There are many reasons for air-conditioning diseases, mainly the indoor closed time is too long, the air mobility is poor, and the supply of fresh air and oxygen is insufficient, which leads to the change of indoor temperature and humidity, which makes bacteria, germs, molds and other microorganisms multiply in large quantities, which can produce endotoxin and cause allergic reactions in the body. Some people think that this is related to volatile organic compounds existing in indoor buildings or decorative materials. Others believe that this is related to the lack of negative ions in the air.
Dust mite
3. Dust mites mainly come from carpets made of wool, synthetic wool or acrylic fiber. In the humid and warm Jiangnan area, dust mites can easily grow on carpets (such as synthetic wool, which also emits VOC harmful gases). Dust mite is a strong allergen, whether it is alive, dead or molting, it will cause asthma, allergic rhinitis, dermatitis, urticaria and other diseases. According to the survey, there are generally 4 grams of dust per square meter of carpet, and there are at least 800 mites in each gram of dust. The number of dust mites in14m2 room can reach 44,800, which shows its seriousness.
The above three types of pollution sources are widely distributed in homes, shopping malls, kindergartens, office buildings, hotels and other buildings, and pregnant women, children, office white-collar workers, the elderly and people with respiratory or heart diseases are the most vulnerable.
1, pregnant women: Because of the different physiological structure, indoor air pollution, especially the harmful gas pollution after decoration, has a greater impact on women's health. There are many fat components in women's bodies, and benzene will be stored in fat after absorption. Many cases at home and abroad show that benzene has adverse effects on embryo and fetal development, which can cause fetal malformation and stillbirth in severe cases. Long-term exposure to low-concentration formaldehyde can cause chronic respiratory diseases, menstrual disorders in women, pregnancy syndrome, and cause physical decline in newborns; High concentration of formaldehyde is toxic to nervous system, immune system and liver, and can also induce fetal malformation and infant leukemia.
2. Children: Increase the incidence of asthma in children: According to the project "Study on the Influence of Air Pollution on Respiratory Health" co-operated by China and the United States, children's cold cough, cold expectoration, cold asthma and bronchitis are significantly proportional to the concentration of air pollution. On the one hand, because children's bodies are growing, their breathing ability is 50% higher than that of adults. On the other hand, children live indoors for a long time, so they are more vulnerable to indoor air pollution. The more serious the pollution, the higher the abnormal rate of children's lung function. Severe air pollution will increase the risk of abnormal lung function in children by 30%-70%.
3. Office white-collar workers: White-collar workers who work in an environment with poor air quality for a long time are prone to dizziness, chest tightness, fatigue, emotional ups and downs, and the office environment has become an invisible chronic killer of health. According to an expert survey conducted by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in China, due to the relatively closed office space, poor air circulation, air pollution and low oxygen content, it is easy to reduce the metabolic capacity of the body and brain.
4, the elderly: the human body enters old age, various physical functions decline, and it is more susceptible to environmental factors to induce various diseases. Air pollution is not only an important cause of respiratory diseases such as tracheitis, pharyngolaryngitis and pneumonia in the elderly, but also causes diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and cerebral hemorrhage, which may be life-threatening to the weak. According to the journal Circulation of the American Heart Association,1982,500,000 adults voluntarily participated in a survey on cancer prevention. The researchers analyzed the survey data, and said that the incidence of cardiovascular diseases such as respiratory diseases and heart diseases in the survey was related to the air pollution data of more than 50 cities in the United States Environmental Protection Agency/KLOC-0. The data shows that among the diseases caused by air pollution, heart disease patients are the majority.
5. Patients with respiratory diseases: Living in polluted air for a long time will lead to decreased respiratory function and aggravated respiratory symptoms, and some will also lead to diseases such as chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma and emphysema, and the prevalence of lung cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma will also increase. According to statistics, acute respiratory infection caused by air pollution causes about 4 million children to die every year in the world. Investigations at home and abroad show that respiratory tract infection is the most common disease in human beings, and its symptoms can range from recessive infection to life-threatening. In the indoor environment, especially in the environment with poor ventilation and crowded people, some deadly microorganisms can easily spread through the air and infect susceptible people. Some common diseases caused by viruses and bacteria, such as influenza, measles, tuberculosis and other respiratory infectious diseases, will spread indoors by air. The fact that SARS virus is rampant also fully shows that indoor biological pollution should not be underestimated!
Four design concepts of air stewards
Design principle of self-balancing central fresh air system
The design principle of self-balancing central fresh air system is negative pressure self-balancing principle.
In the family room, the fresh air exhaust main engine is usually installed in the ceiling of the bathroom or kitchen, and is connected with the bedroom, bathroom, storage room and other rooms through pipes, so that the dirty air and water vapor in each room are discharged to the outside through the air duct of the bathroom or kitchen, thus forming negative pressure in each room, and the fresh outdoor air naturally flows into the room after being filtered by the window air intake or the wall air intake under the negative pressure, thus completing the whole air replacement process. It is suitable for households with scattered room layout and long exhaust distance, and does not affect the ceiling height of the house.
B. Design principles of ductless fresh air system
The design principle of ductless fresh air system is the self-balancing principle of ductless negative pressure.
In the family room, fresh air hosts are installed in the ceiling of the bathroom and kitchen respectively, and each host only governs the adjacent rooms, thus avoiding the arrangement of pipes in the rooms, and the dirty air and water vapor are discharged to the outside through the air ducts of the bathroom or kitchen respectively, thus forming negative pressure in each room, and the outdoor fresh air naturally flows into the room after being filtered by the window air intake or the wall air intake under the negative pressure, thus completing the whole air replacement process. It is suitable for the apartment with high floors or decoration unsuitable for pipeline layout, and each room is relatively compact.
C design principle of dual power supply fresh air system
The design principle of dual-power fresh air system is the principle of exhaust and power supply.
The dynamic ventilation in the building exhausts the dirty air in each room from the air duct in the bathroom or kitchen, and a dynamic air supply system is set to filter the indoor fresh air and send it indoors. The whole ventilation process is completed by the power of intake and exhaust. The exhaust main engine is generally installed in the ceiling of the bathroom or kitchen, and the air supply system is installed in the place where the fresh air source is competitive with the outside world, such as the balcony of the living room. The advantages are: keeping the stability of the fresh air volume sent into the room; The air inlet host is connected with the air filter, and the air is dispersed to all rooms in the room after centralized filtration. Various filter media such as activated carbon and negative ions can be installed in the air filter to filter the air entering the room more thoroughly. Used in places that require high indoor air quality.
Design principle of heat recovery fresh air system
The design principle of heat recovery system is that a single host completes power supply and exhaust, and reduces the loss of indoor air cold or heat through heat exchanger.
The air circulation of the building is completed by the main engine simultaneously supplying power and exhausting air. The fresh air main machine has a built-in heat exchanger. When indoor and outdoor air passes through the heat exchanger, part of the cold or heat of indoor air is recovered, which reduces the loss of indoor temperature during air replacement. The two air streams do not mix and will not cause cross infection. Used for building ventilation in extremely cold or humid areas in the south.
Yuzhu Qingfeng Indoor Environment Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.-Air Butler
Professional solution to indoor air quality problems