Engineering materials are an important part of building construction. In the process of building engineering construction, the quality of engineering materials has an important impact on the quality of building engineering. The cost of engineering materials is an important part of the direct cost of engineering projects, and cost control directly affects the economic benefits of construction projects. Paying attention to and strengthening the monitoring and cost control of engineering materials plays an important role in ensuring the progress and quality of engineering construction, reducing the proportion of engineering material cost in the cost of construction projects, improving the economic benefits of engineering projects and enhancing the industrial competitiveness of construction units. Therefore, the monitoring and cost control of engineering materials is very important and necessary.
I. Monitoring of Engineering Materials
1, quality control of engineering materials
In the process of engineering construction, unqualified engineering materials will cause immeasurable engineering quality accidents and losses. Therefore, attention should be paid to the quality monitoring of engineering materials in order to ensure the quality of materials and prevent accidents. First of all, the construction unit should establish and improve the quality assurance system and strengthen management in organizational management, staffing, monitoring procedures and methods. The quality requirements and technical standards of engineering materials should be clearly defined in the contract. Secondly, the supervision unit should carry out necessary monitoring of engineering materials, and the construction unit should strictly implement the witness sampling inspection system under the supervision of the supervision unit; Parallel inspection shall be conducted when necessary, and appropriate engineering materials shall be taken for test. The supervision unit shall ensure the reliability and accuracy of the test results. When the test result of the construction unit is inconsistent with the test result of the supervision unit, it should be rechecked according to the regulations to ensure the accuracy of the results and facilitate the next work. In the construction, we should strictly follow the signed contract, adhere to the combination of self-inspection by the construction unit and independent inspection and re-inspection by the supervision unit, take the re-inspection result of the supervision unit as the standard of self-inspection by the construction unit, adhere to the combination of inspection and visual inspection, monitoring and sampling inspection, and direct control and indirect control, so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of unqualified engineering materials and ensure the engineering quality.
2, the nature of the engineering materials and monitoring projects
(1) Characteristics of Common Engineering Materials
The properties of materials commonly used in engineering can be mainly divided into chemical properties, physical properties and mechanical properties. Chemical properties mainly refer to the chemical stability of engineering materials; Physical properties mainly include thermal conductivity, density, compactness, porosity, water absorption, bulk density, frost resistance and so on. Mechanical properties mainly include elasticity, strength, hardness and plasticity. Only by selecting qualified and excellent engineering materials and adopting advanced technology can the engineering quality be truly guaranteed.
(2) Monitoring items of engineering materials
In engineering, the commonly used engineering materials mainly include steel raw materials, cement, steel bar welding, backfill materials, sand, gravel and so on. The following mainly introduces the monitoring items of commonly used engineering materials.
First of all, steel raw materials need to be tested for tensile strength, cold bending, elongation and repeated bending. Secondly, tensile test and cold bending test are usually carried out for steel bar welding; Thirdly, cement should monitor five indicators, including fineness, strength, stability, initial setting time and final setting time; Thirdly, it is necessary to monitor the compaction and resilience modulus of backfill materials, CBR test and liquid-plastic limit test; Thirdly, the silt content and silt content of sand should be monitored, and the packing density, apparent density and compactness should be monitored when necessary; Then, crushed stones and pebbles need to be monitored for crushing value, needle content and silt content, and if necessary, apparent density and bulk density. Finally, the consistency and workability of concrete need to be monitored.
3. Site quality management and control of engineering materials
The cost of engineering materials accounts for about 60% of the total engineering cost. Reasonable selection and utilization of materials is an important means to reduce costs, and on-site material quality control is particularly important. First of all, ensure that all kinds of engineering materials are placed in an orderly manner, with specifications and varieties, and cover facilities well; Secondly, the selected steel bars should comply with the engineering design and the construction technology should comply with the relevant provisions of the state; Thirdly, the main materials needed for engineering construction should have the factory inspection report and certificate, and the building materials entering the construction site should be re-examined with the witness of the supervisor. Only after re-inspection is qualified can it be used for engineering construction; Finally, the project supervision unit should grasp the project construction quality in time and put forward corresponding preventive measures for quality hidden dangers.
Second, the cost control of engineering materials
1, and make a scientific procurement plan for engineering materials.
The engineering materials department should scientifically prepare the procurement plan of engineering materials according to the construction drawings and design scheme of the project, and update the procurement plan in time on the basis of comprehensive consideration of the construction progress and the consumption of consumables to ensure the materials needed for the project construction. First of all, in the procurement and supply management of engineering materials, the materials department should establish warehouse management system and material ledger, and strictly check, keep and distribute engineering materials. Moreover, it is necessary to organically combine the actual construction quantity with the budgeted construction quantity, and reasonably purchase the main materials on the basis of comprehensive consideration of the two, so as to prevent the problem of less purchase or more purchase, avoid capital occupation and backlog of engineering materials, and increase the total cost of the project. Secondly, engineering materials personnel should fully understand the market information, report in time and suggest the introduction of new engineering materials that can reduce costs, speed up the progress of the project and improve the quality of the project. Finally, material procurement personnel should strictly control the quality of engineering materials, conduct sampling inspection on engineering materials, resolutely eliminate unqualified and inferior engineering materials, and avoid inferior engineering materials from entering the construction site. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the management of engineering materials and improve the material statistics, material vouchers and purchase and sale contracts of engineering materials; It is also necessary to strictly store and keep engineering materials, refine the maintenance, classification and storage of engineering materials, and set up warehouses to store explosive, flammable and corrosive materials to avoid increasing costs due to unproductive consumption.
2. Establish a perfect engineering material supply system.
Material procurement before construction plays an important role in ensuring the quality of engineering materials and the quality of the whole project. First of all, the procurement personnel of engineering materials should compare and select the supplier list provided by the construction unit in accordance with the regulations of the construction unit, fully understand the market information, and collect and sort out the information of material suppliers; Secondly, after the supplier is selected, the procurement personnel of engineering materials should make a comprehensive comparison of the quality and price of the selected supplier. Finally, according to the results of comparative analysis, determine the suppliers of engineering materials, sign the purchase and sale contract of engineering materials in time, clarify their respective rights and responsibilities, and purchase according to the contract to avoid disputes.
3, the establishment of engineering materials procurement supervision institutions.
In engineering construction, the construction unit should establish a supervision organization for material procurement, which is mainly composed of construction management personnel and comprehensive personnel of finance, technology, planning, materials and other departments, and supervise the selection of suppliers, the determination of purchase price, the allocation of funds and the signing of contracts in an all-round way to ensure the rationality and standardization of material procurement behavior. The construction unit shall establish a perfect material procurement information system from top to bottom to ensure that the material management department of the unit can effectively supervise the implementation of the project material procurement plan and determine the material procurement price.
4, strict acceptance of engineering materials.
On-site management of engineering materials is the central link of material management, especially building materials such as cement, steel and wood. In the field management of engineering materials, it is necessary to carry out strict testing on materials entering the construction site. First of all, it is necessary to strictly check whether the physical objects of engineering materials and the contents in the material specifications are consistent with various indicators; Secondly, it is necessary to strictly check the appearance and shape of engineering materials such as packaging and product labels, and carefully compare the specifications and batch numbers of products to prevent engineering materials with different quality from entering the construction site; Thirdly, the engineering materials on the construction site should be sampled and inspected to ensure the quality of the materials. The engineering materials should be inspected before large-scale use, and the unqualified materials should be resolutely removed. In addition, managers of engineering materials should always check the materials in stock to prevent deterioration of materials and mixed storage of different materials.
Conclusion:
Engineering materials are an important part of building construction. Monitoring and cost control of engineering materials plays an important role in ensuring the progress and quality of engineering construction, reducing the cost of engineering materials and improving the economic benefits of engineering projects. Therefore, in engineering practice, it is necessary to strengthen the detection of engineering materials, improve the quality assurance system of construction units, determine the quality management procedures of engineering materials, ensure the quality of engineering materials, and strengthen the cost control of engineering materials, thus ensuring the quality and economic benefits of the project.
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