(Hydrogeological Environmental Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey)
The development and utilization of geological data directly affects the development and progress of national economy and society. Since the founding of New China, after decades of accumulation, a large number of valuable original, achievements and physical geological data have been formed, providing basic geological data and information guarantee for the rapid development of China's reform and opening up. The environmental geological data of water conservancy projects have obvious characteristics of openness and appreciation, which are closely related to water conservancy projects, environmental protection, drinking water safety, civil buildings and the construction of high-speed railway in expressway. In response to the call of the country to promote the development and utilization of geological data and the clustering industrialization of geological data information services, this paper discusses the establishment of a demonstration system of * * * sharing and public * * * service of geological data information systems under water conservancy environment, and puts forward specific plans and suggestions such as establishing a one-stop service portal, improving the social awareness of data information, enriching information products, diversifying data acquisition methods, establishing an active service model, and hierarchical management of unit users.
Keywords: hydrogeology, environmental geology, engineering geology, water conservancy engineering, environmental geological information system, development and application of * * * shared services.
1 Introduction
As a national strategic and public information resource, geological data can be repeatedly exploited and used, and can provide services for a long time, which plays a vital role in the basic guarantee of national economic construction and social development. In 2006, the State Council issued the Decision on Strengthening Geological Work (Guo Fa [2006] No.4), which regards the development and utilization of geological data as one of the six main tasks of strengthening geological work at present, and puts forward that geological data is the main carrier for geological work to serve the society. In 2008, the National Geological Exploration Plan issued by the Ministry of Land and Resources clearly regarded "geological data development and utilization project" as one of the six major projects in China's geological work in the new period [1], which shows that the state attaches great importance to improving the level of geological data development and application. Therefore, it is urgent to establish and improve the information sharing and socialized service system of geological data, accelerate the use of modern information technology, build a national geological data center, promote the research and development of geological data, give full play to the role of existing geological data, avoid duplication of work and waste of data, fully disclose the geological data catalogue, promote the opening of geological books, archives and key laboratories to the society, and provide geological information services to the society in a timely manner according to law. Database and information service system are the premise and foundation to promote geological data sharing and socialized service, and are the technical support system to improve the level of geological data development and utilization. The environmental geological data of water conservancy project is the most open and ornamental among all kinds of geological data, and it serves a wide range of objects. As a kind of geological data, it can be first tried for network service and social application. Based on the characteristics of water environmental geological data and related databases and information systems, this paper discusses the construction scheme of information sharing and socialized service system of water environmental geological data, so as to deepen the information socialization of water environmental geological data, expand the service functions and methods, improve the utilization rate of data, and provide reference for the establishment of socialized service system of other types of geological data.
2. The characteristics of water conservancy environmental geological data and the use demand of service objects.
Hydraulic environmental geological data refers to the original geological data, achievement geological data and physical geological data such as cores, various specimens, optical slices and samples in the form of words, charts, audio-visual and electromagnetic media. Among them, the social demand for geological data is the greatest, followed by the original geological data.
Hydrogeology refers to various changes and movements of groundwater in nature. Hydrogeology mainly studies the distribution and formation law of groundwater, the physical properties and chemical composition of groundwater, groundwater resources and their rational utilization, the adverse effects of groundwater on engineering construction and mining and its prevention and control.
Engineering geology mainly studies geological problems related to human engineering construction and other activities. The purpose of the study is to find out the engineering geological conditions of the building area or site, predict and evaluate the possible engineering geological problems and their impact on the building or geological environment, and put forward corresponding prevention measures.
Environmental geology mainly studies the interaction between human activities and geological environment, predicts and prevents the environmental impact caused by geological factors, studies the relationship between geological environment and human health, studies environmental geological problems caused by human activities, and studies environmental geological problems caused by engineering construction and resource development.
Therefore, the environmental geological data of water conservancy projects are related to the construction of roads and railways, airport stations, oil and gas transmission lines/pipelines, dams, large factories, water/nuclear power plants, residential houses and reservoirs, as well as drinking water safety, prevention and treatment of endemic diseases. It is closely related to the lives of ordinary people, with high social awareness and obvious characteristics of openness and enjoyment.
The questionnaire analysis and research of teachers and students of China Geo University (Beijing) 20 10 show that the demand for hydro-environmental geological data ranks third among six categories of geological data: regional geology, mineral energy, hydraulic environment, geophysical and geochemical exploration, marine geology and geological science research reports. For geological related professional users and irrelevant ordinary users, the demand for hydraulic environmental geological data ranks first. It can be seen that there is a great demand for water conservancy environmental geological data, and the mass base for its socialization service is very good.
At present, China's geological data network sharing and social service system is not perfect. Users' access to environmental geological data of water conservancy projects mainly comes from the Internet and borrowing from relevant libraries and archives, which cannot meet the actual needs of society. It is very necessary and important to establish a national unified social service platform.
3. Present situation of water conservancy environmental geological database and information service system
Under the correct leadership of the State Council and the Ministry of Land and Resources, and under the unified organization and coordination of China Geological Survey, the National Geological Industry Research Institute, universities, geological prospecting teams and geological prospecting enterprises have made great achievements in digitalization and informatization of geological data. The national basic geological database has been basically completed, the geological business network and standard system have been improved day by day, the construction of professional geological database has been successful, and the professional geological information management application system has been initially established. Among them, the databases and information systems related to hydraulic environmental geology mainly include [3]: hydraulic environmental geology database, geological drilling database,1:50,000 key cities and economic zones,1:200,000 regional hydrogeology map,1:500,000 hydraulic environmental geology map spatial database, dynamic monitoring database and China hydrogeology. Geological data online catalog retrieval system, geological data online full-text browsing system, geological data lending management system, geological backbone network system and geological data real-time transmission demonstration system, etc. Although the database related to hydraulic environment has been built, the level of development and utilization is not high enough, and its economic value and social value have not been fully highlighted. The related management and service system of environmental geological data of water conservancy projects has realized the computer automation assistance in the whole process of data management, and all kinds of data and software interfaces are complete, which can realize online retrieval and browsing, providing strong support for users of data management units at all levels to enjoy geological data. The water conservancy environment database needs to be interconnected, the service system needs to be managed in a unified way, and the degree of socialized service needs to be improved.
4. Conception of socialized service system of water conservancy environmental geological information system
Environmental geological data of water conservancy projects are valuable information resources related to national economy and people's livelihood and economic and social development, and their development and utilization level and socialized service level are one of the remarkable signs of a country's national strength. The national government has begun to realize the importance of strengthening geological data sharing and public services in the new development period. In 2006, the Ministry of Land and Resources issued the Notice on Establishing and Perfecting the Geological Data Network Service System (No.98 [2006] of the Ministry of Land and Resources), requiring all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) to carry out the work of establishing geological data network service. In 2007, the inspection carried out by the Ministry of Land and Resources showed that [4], all the land and resources management departments of 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) set up geological data management and service columns or independent geological data information service websites, and the geological data network service system established at the provincial and provincial levels was initially established, which realized the interconnection and sharing of geological data and provided convenient, efficient and comprehensive geological data information network services for the society. It can be seen that at this stage, China already has the basic conditions needed to comprehensively promote the construction of socialized service system for geological data information. Regrettably, the geological data service columns or independent websites of the above-mentioned land and resources departments mainly provide the contact information of geological data exchange institutions, geological data catalogue information, technical standards and preservation procedures, etc., and most of them are not connected with relevant databases and geological data information products.
The conception of socialized service system of water conservancy environmental geological data information mainly includes the following aspects.
4. 1 database, information products and network services are integrated to form a "one-stop" service model.
A "one-stop" service model has been formed in the United States, which has played an important role in the enjoyment of geological data and the improvement of social service level. By integrating various water conservancy environmental geological databases and related information products, the national water conservancy environmental geological information portal website is established to provide "one-stop" service. The portal website can provide online retrieval, full-text browsing and downloading of geological data of hydraulic environment achievements, and all public welfare materials are free. The water conservancy engineering institutes and survey units are responsible for submitting new data and information in time, and the management institutions are responsible for data entry and update. Some materials can refer to the information product service model of Elsevier, a foreign periodical publishing company. Government departments, scientific research institutes, large geological prospecting and engineering construction companies and other service units purchase databases in a unified way, and the local area network of the unit can download the full text of the materials. This is also a way to industrialize geological data. Citizens can get it back for free, and some materials need to be paid, which can be paid by credit card. For materials or information products with large data storage capacity, they can be provided by burning CDs or mailing. The website is responsible for mailing materials corresponding to the physical archives and reading rooms, and providing on-site inquiry, retrieval, printing and copying services.
4.2 Improve the society's understanding of water conservancy environmental geological data and information.
Expand publicity and improve public awareness of hydraulic environmental geological data. You can choose to broadcast propaganda videos, audio or publish propaganda articles in CCTV, local satellite TV, radio stations, mainstream newspapers and other media to spread popular science information related to water conservancy environmental geological data and information products, so that the public can realize that geological data are closely related to daily life and social and economic development, thus sprouting the idea of further understanding water conservancy environmental geological data information and improving data circulation and utilization. It can also be promoted by holding popular science activities in universities and research institutes. Geological data have the characteristics of eternal value and need to be inherited and developed many times. It is necessary to educate primary and secondary school students about popular science. We can cultivate the interest of primary and middle school students and expand the mass base of geological data and information products by distributing popular science extracurricular reading materials of water conservancy environmental geological data. When the staff of the water conservancy environmental geology industry go out for field trips, they will distribute brochures to the public free of charge along the way, so that more people can have access to the relevant information of water conservancy environmental geology data information products. Carry out popular science activities such as caring for the earth, earthquake safety knowledge, prevention and control of endemic diseases, and prevention and control of geological disasters, and enter communities and schools.
4.3 Information query, retrieval and access to a variety of ways
Provide diversified information services for different customers and users. For government departments, enterprises and institutions, information catalogues can be mailed free of charge, and information products and services can be ordered online, by telephone, fax or e-mail. Develop a mobile phone electronic reading room client to provide mobile phone query and retrieval services to the public. It can provide consulting, downloading, printing and copying services for physical reading rooms. For information services that need to be paid, flexible payment methods should be formulated, such as credit card payment, network third-party payment, bank remittance payment, mobile phone electronic payment, etc. The portal website of environmental geological data of water conservancy projects has links in the websites of government departments such as Ministry of Land and Resources, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, etc. Staff can log in with their work permit number or civil servant number and enjoy free browsing and downloading of geological data and information.
4.4 Provide "active" hydrological environmental geological information services for management departments.
It provides "active" all-round information services for departments such as land and resources, planning urban and rural construction, water conservancy and hydrology, environmental protection, agriculture, forestry and geological disaster management, and introduces in detail the functions, information and providing methods of water conservancy environmental information management institutions. Provide "active" water environmental geological information for mining enterprises, survey and design units, water environment research institutes and construction units, and mail publicity materials free of charge. Provide on-site services for national and local large-scale railway and highway construction projects, oil and gas pipeline construction, power transmission and transformation projects, water conservancy projects, etc., explain in detail the scope and content of geological data services that geological data management institutions can provide, and make contributions to economic and social development. Zhejiang Geological Data Archives [6] has made a beneficial exploration in this respect and achieved great success. They made public welfare geological data CDs in advance, actively contacted relevant personnel of key projects, publicized geological data services, and provided 1. 7 million person-times, 4,300 copies and 55,000 copies of geological data services for major engineering projects and projects to expand domestic demand in Zhejiang Province respectively, which solved the data demand problem for the smooth completion of the projects and played a significant role in improving the level of geological data development and utilization.
4.5 Establish a classification system for social users, make all public welfare materials public, and authorize access to confidential materials.
According to the level and nature of the clients, users of water environmental geological information can be divided into three levels: government and national defense departments (Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Land and Resources, Ministry of Communications, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, etc.), enterprises and institutions (including geological survey and design, engineering construction enterprises, scientific research institutes and universities) and the public. User classification and secret authorization based on units can reduce the workload of data management institutions and improve work efficiency. The employees of all entities and units shall be numbered uniformly, report the information of personnel who need to consult geological data, and fill in the application form. According to the application form, the geological data management institution examines and gives the unit registration number and password, authorizes the unit to consult the required classified hydraulic environment information, and installs the electronic reading room client on the unit LAN free of charge; Registered personnel can log in with their own work number as the user name, and can search and download the required materials and product information in full text. Enterprises and institutions shall be registered in a unified way, install the electronic reading room client free of charge, purchase the geological data information database, and browse and download public welfare materials free of charge; Confidential information needs to provide business license and legal person information for filing, and sign a confidentiality agreement to ensure that information will not flow indefinitely. The public can install the client for free, browse and download public geological data, or download confidential data online, and then pay after approval.
4.6 Enrich information products through industrialization and improve data flow and utilization rate.
By enriching audio-visual products and publications, we will promote the industrialization of geological data information, improve the social service level of data, and promote the efficient circulation and utilization of data. The geological information industry in developed countries such as the United States, Canada and Australia has reached a certain scale, and China needs to further improve this aspect. We can integrate the collection of original and physical geological data, the formation of geological data and other related knowledge information into audio-visual products, some of which can be played on TV stations as public welfare propaganda materials in the form of science, education or documentaries; Some of them are used as commodities, burned into CDs for sale or downloaded online for a fee. Publish all kinds of hydraulic environmental geology atlas, information catalogue pamphlet, hydraulic environment special report book, hydraulic environmental geology survey yearbook, regional hydraulic environmental geology survey report and geological data publication, etc. , through bookstores and online sales, take the initiative to send free publications to government departments, enterprises and institutions related to water conservancy and environment, and provide various subscription services.
5 conclusion
This paper puts forward the idea of establishing a unified national geological data information service management organization and independent website by integrating various water conservancy environmental geological data databases and information product databases, so as to improve the development and utilization level of water conservancy environmental geological data and the ability of data enjoyment and social service. Specific programs include: increasing social awareness through expanding publicity; Form a "one-stop" service model; Diversification of service methods; Establish a grading system for unit users; Enrich information products and improve the level of industrialization. It is believed that through the joint efforts of government departments, enterprises and institutions, the information sharing of water conservancy environmental geological data and the construction of socialized service system will make great progress and make positive contributions to national economic and social development.
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