If we design a complete group psychological counseling program, we must first know what psychological problems are common among the students to be organized now. All group psychological counseling should first determine the goals of the group, then design the plan of group activities, determine the scale and form a group. What do you do? What's the purpose? Who will be used to do it? Choose a topic that you think is urgent or has a wide audience, and design a group psychological counseling program. Basic understanding of self, emotional behavior, learning psychology and interpersonal communication. After choosing a big theme, name a small theme. The overall theme should be positive, vivid, easy to understand and attractive, so that members of the group can understand what the group is doing when they see this theme, have clear goals and are very interested in participating in the activities organized. Such as increasing self-confidence in self-knowledge, "holding hands with self-confidence and grasping youth"; Relieve the pressure in emotional behavior, decompress senior three and add wings to dreams.
Third, the choice of group counseling personnel
1, group size: the group size is too small, the number of people is too small, and the richness of group activities and the scope of interaction among members are lacking. Members will feel dissatisfied and stressed, and they will easily feel nervous, bored and uncomfortable; The scale of the group is too large and there are too many people, so it is difficult for the group instructor to pay attention to every member. It is difficult for members to communicate, and the opportunities for participation and communication are limited. It is difficult to establish the cohesion of the group, and it also prevents members from sharing enough communication time, which leads to sloppy, one-sided and superficial discussion of reasons, problem handling and learning skills, which affects the effect of the activity. From the type of problem, it mainly depends on the goal of group counseling. The number of group counseling for treatment is small, generally 6 ~ 10, and the number of group counseling for training is in the middle, generally12-16; For developmental organizations, the number of participants can be appropriately larger, generally -20-40. A group of 6-8 people is the most suitable.
2. Selection conditions of members: When planning group psychological counseling, group psychological counselors should define the clients according to the goals of the group. Members who usually participate in group counseling can be people with similar backgrounds and problems, or people with different backgrounds. Judging from the characteristics of group psychological counseling, members who participate in the group should meet the following three conditions: voluntary registration, strong desire to change and develop themselves; Willing to communicate with others, and have the ability to communicate with others; Be able to participate in the whole process of group activities and abide by the rules of the group. For students, some people are recommended to join the group by the class teacher, not voluntarily. Participants' motivation should be stimulated through interviews and other means in advance.
3. Source of group members: There are three main ways; First, through publicity, members voluntarily sign up to participate; Second, mental health educators choose people with the same problems according to their usual consultation and suggest them to sign up; Third, the class teacher found the problem and recommended it, or the parents asked. Developmental group consultation mainly recruits members through advertisements, notices, etc. Applicants who sign up and voluntarily participate in group counseling and treatment may not be suitable to become group members. Therefore, the group tutor should also screen the applicants. The commonly used screening methods are direct interview, psychological test and written report.
4. Method of selecting team members: Before forming a team, the instructor should select members to safeguard the interests of all members. Applicants who voluntarily sign up for group counseling may not be suitable to become group members. Therefore, the group instructor should also screen the applicants to exclude some people who can't benefit from the group and will only hinder and destroy the group process. Commonly used selection methods include direct interview, psychological test and written report. The interview usually takes 15-25 minutes. The group lecturer will meet the applicants in pairs at the appointed time. The questions raised are: Why do you want to join this group? What do you expect from this group? Have you ever been in a group before? What problem do you need help with? Do you have someone or a certain kind of people who don't want to be with you? What contribution do you think you will make to the team? Do you have any questions about the group and the tutor? The written choice is to ask the candidate to fill out a form and provide necessary information, such as age, gender, grade, living environment, participation motivation, main problems faced, expectations, etc.
In the late 1950s, Shu Ci really formulated a set of basic interpersonal indicators for group work, which mainly tested three levels: whether members can establish good interpersonal relationships with others; Personal attitude towards power; The degree to which individuals adhere to principles.
Fourth, determine the time and place.
1, length of time: Generally speaking, it takes time for a group to produce treatment and change factors, that is, the group needs a development process that goes through the initial stage, mature stage and final stage. The group duration is too short, which affects the effect; However, if the duration is too long, members will easily become dependent, and the time and energy of instructors and participants will not be allowed. Generally speaking, 8- 15 times of group counseling is appropriate. 65438+ 0 times a week or twice a week is fine. Each time is 1.5 ~ 2 hours. For teenagers, it is better to have more activities, such as 45-60 minutes at a time, in view of their difficulty in concentrating and their easy diversion of interest.
2. Activity places: The basic requirements for group activity places are: to avoid distractions of group members, even if group members can concentrate on group activities without interference; Have a sense of security, it is best to have sound insulation conditions, protect the privacy of group members, and do not feel peeked and monitored by others; There is enough room for activities, you can walk around and sit in circles at will, you can sit in big circles or groups as needed, and group members have the opportunity to talk face to face; The room is spacious, clean, airy and the temperature is appropriate, which makes members feel comfortable, happy and elegant, and makes people feel stable and relaxed.
Five, psychological activity design
1, warm-up activities (for example)
2. Core activities (for example)
Step 3 end the activity
At the end of the group, the task of the instructor is to review and summarize the group experience, evaluate the growth and changes of members and put forward hope, assist members to make personal evaluation of the group experience, encourage members to express their personal feelings about the end of the group, evaluate the effect of the group, and help members apply the changes in the group to their lives. The common skills of group ending include ending notice, sorting out benefits, role-playing, modifying action plan, dealing with feelings of separation, giving and receiving feedback, tracking the party and evaluating the effect. There are three ways to end an activity. Review and summary: What did the group do? What have you learned? Any other comments? Blessing and saying goodbye: You can use a greeting card or a small gift to bless and say goodbye to enhance and maintain friendship. Plan and prospect: discuss what to do in the future and what to expect from future life.
Activity evaluation of intransitive verbs;
Questionnaire; Leaders sum up themselves; Observation records of observers; Team member feedback form
The success of group psychological counseling has four factors: first, there must be a clear goal that all members agree with; Second, we should have competent tutors who are caring, responsible and have leadership. Third, group members actively participate in investment; Fourth, there should be appropriate group techniques and methods to guide members to participate. Design of group psychological counseling project in school. It is the first step to lead the group. A good group plan designed according to the needs of group members is like a "map", which plays a guiding role in the implementation of group psychological counseling. However, experienced psychological teachers know that the teaching plan is only a framework, an idea, a guide, and the activity scenes will be ever-changing because of the diversity of students, which is the difficulty of group psychological counseling. Teachers should actively pay attention to students' performance and feelings in psychological counseling practice and try to avoid reciting lines. In addition, when we share the feelings and excitement brought by the psychological counseling activities of the design group with teachers, we hope to stimulate teachers' practical enthusiasm, guide teachers to think, stimulate teachers' innovative activities, generate new counseling programs, constantly add fresh content and accumulate counseling experience.
I hope this form of group counseling can bloom beautifully in primary and secondary schools.