The differentiation of Zhejiang culture is actually the differentiation of Wuyue culture. Zhejiang, which is common to outsiders, is also a different water town and a different culture. The differences between natural geographical conditions and natural ecology led to the differences of ancient Wu and Yue cultures. In the long historical years that followed, not only did the geographical boundary between wuyue and the two places always exist, but it also had a constant impact on the cultures of the two places and made them antagonistic.
First, a Qiantang River. The dividing line between wuyue and Shanghai is this Zhejiang. Qiantang River divides Zhejiang into East Zhejiang and West Zhejiang. That's how the name "two Zhejiang" came from. Zhejiang was divided into Zhejiang West Road and Zhejiang East Road in Tang Dynasty, and renamed Zhejiang West Road and Zhejiang East Road in Song Dynasty. It was recorded in Zhejiang Tongzhi published in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty.
In the twenty-sixth year of Yuan Zhizheng, Zhejiang and other places were Zhongshu provinces, which were originally called Zhejiang Province. . . . . . Because of the Zhou Dynasty, the provincial capitals are called Hangzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou and Fan Sanfu, which are on the right side of the great river (i.e. Qiantang River) and the west of Zhejiang. Ningbo, Shaoxing, Taizhou, Jinhua, Quzhou, Yanzhou, Wenzhou, Chuzhou and Fanbafu are all on the left of the great river, which is the east of Zhejiang. "
When I was a child, I didn't quite understand when I heard my father say "Xiasanfu". I thought it was a place called "Xiasanfu". Now I know it's our Wudi in Zhejiang.
The folk customs of the two places are really different. Western Zhejiang is still business, and eastern Zhejiang is heavy on agriculture. West Zhejiang is a granary in the south of the Yangtze River, with fertile Hangjiahu Plain and rich products. The river leads to Chu and is close to the Central Plains and the Grand Canal. There are more exchanges between the north and the south (also for this reason, our dialect accent in eastern Zhejiang is relatively pure, and I often feel uncomfortable with Hangzhou dialect separated from Shaoxing by a river, which is also the reason why they mixed too many northern mandarin in the communication process. ) Wuzhen, Nanxun, Shengze. . . . . . I have also heard of these famous market towns. In fact, there are more records in local chronicles, but I won't look them up, because even if I write them, people who read them may not know (I don't know myself as a Zhejiang native who is familiar with geography, hehe, so should everyone. Therefore, what is said in the history books is also true. "Seven out of ten people give alms in the world, leaving the south of the Yangtze River.". The south of the Yangtze River includes Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou in southern Jiangsu, as well as Hangjiahu. This is the richest place in history. I talked about MBA in the past two years, and then I traveled all over China, looking for businessmen from China in history, first a Shanxi merchant, then a Anhui merchant, and then a Zhejiang merchant. In fact, western Zhejiang is just a place for businessmen. (Compared with the two concepts of Zhejiang businessmen, Zhejiang businessmen are actually mostly from eastern Zhejiang. ), when they were brilliant, it was probably the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In fact, Huizhou merchants were famous because of them. For example, Hu Xueyan, a famous red top businessman, has a good business in Hangzhou. He is also a Huizhou businessman. There is a lot of noise on the city forum of Xinhuanet. Some people in southern Anhui want to bring their Huangshan city to Zhejiang. Some people in Zhejiang agree and some people in Zhejiang object. Those who agree with it are mostly from western Zhejiang, and psychologically close to those from southern Anhui separated by Qiandao Lake. Most of the people who oppose it are from eastern Zhejiang, and they have no good feelings for Anhui people. Laziness and poverty are the biggest impressions of them. At least when I was young, most of the people who came to beg were Anhui people, so that "Anhui guy" became synonymous with beggars. The prosperity of people in eastern Zhejiang depends not on the sky, but on their own efforts, so they look down on those who don't work hard. This is somewhat similar to the western religious concept "God helps those who help themselves".
After chatting for a while, we continued to talk about eastern Zhejiang. Compared with businessmen in western Zhejiang. Eastern Zhejiang can basically be described as "the world of yeomen". The natural environment in eastern Zhejiang is basically like this: on the one hand, it faces the river (Qiantang River), on the other hand, it is surrounded by the sea, and the southeast is blocked by mountains. The flood of mountain torrents and the invasion of tidal waves made the living conditions of the ancestors in eastern Zhejiang difficult-the Vietnamese tattooed, cut grass, floated in osawa, suffered from precipitation, stimulated farming, endured hardships and managed miserably, and turned this place into fertile soil with their strong lives. The bloody history of the Yue people and the internalized spiritual yeast make the Yue culture stand out from the romantic culture in the south of the Yangtze River and become a vigorous and bold character, which permeates the land of eastern Zhejiang and injects it into the nature of the people in eastern Zhejiang, which is related to the fate of this land. Shaoxing Prefecture Records: Located between Huiji and Yuyao, the place is small and famous. Classes can be honest, filial and resigned, but those who do cause trouble should carry forward their spirit more and be less reserved.
Where is the richest place in Zhejiang now? In my opinion, it is along the south bank of Qiantang River, between Hangzhou and Ningbo. This land is the best place in eastern Zhejiang. But this is also the result of our ancestors' struggle with nature-even now, we have been reclaiming land from the sea. In the past decades, the beach area in Shaoxing has increased by at least 100 square kilometers. If the sea is not reclaimed, the present coastal industrial zone will only exist on the drawings. This is the richest place. What about the mountains in the southeast?
Let's read a paragraph first: "There are many waters in western Zhejiang, all of which are navigable except Hua Qian and Changhua. Except Shaoxing water town, Wenzhou and Ningbo Yan Haibin, all counties in eastern Zhejiang have overlapping mountains. Yanzhou, Taizhou and Chuzhou are even more mountains, like the mountains of the King of Taihang. " East Zhejiang is bordered by a river and a sea, with mountains in the west and south, which, to a certain extent, made the living conditions of the ancestors in east Zhejiang hard and closed, so it was called' the country in rags' in ancient times. "
There are also examples of yeoman farmers. In My World and Me, Cao Juren exemplified the difference between eastern Zhejiang and western Zhejiang: "The largest rich household in eastern Zhejiang will not own more than 200 acres of land, nor will there be landlords who do not cultivate well." "Western Zhejiang belongs to the bourgeois world, and eastern Zhejiang is generally a yeoman society."
Therefore, in the concept I formed since I was a child, there are many "four seasons and eight festivals" in my hometown, many of which are related to farming.
Now there is a concept called "county economy". This word was invented by us in Zhejiang. What I am thinking now is that it is also because of our geographical reasons in eastern Zhejiang that this term has appeared. The farming society in eastern Zhejiang is different from the commercial society in Hangjiahu and Suzhou-Xichang, and it is impossible to produce big cities. In eastern Zhejiang, Shaoxing has long been a county magistrate, but it has not developed into a metropolis until now. The largest city is Ningbo, which was also expanded because of the opening of the sea ban. If the sea ban had not been lifted and it had been completely owned by the yeomen, there would not have been so many classes of citizens. In feudal society, in eastern Zhejiang, cities other than Ningbo, such as Shaoxing, were basically dominated by handicrafts. -Wudi Yangzhou and other places may develop the service industry because of the Grand Canal, but in the semi-closed eastern Zhejiang, there is no such blessing. If there is no big city, economic prosperity is actually a kind of general prosperity. It should also be called "county economy" instead of "county economy"-once the whole country was advocating urban economy, and China was too big to look down on farmers. But our farmers in eastern Zhejiang have risen, and our yeomen have turned over. Among them, there is historical inheritance. Historically, there were no big landlords, but they were usually rich yeomen with free industries. Our eastern Zhejiang model is still the same, and the difference from southern Jiangsu model is that some big bourgeoisie owns all or foreign capital owns all (or most). In eastern Zhejiang, individual bosses own their own assets. In addition, I think it is worth mentioning that there is not much psychological difference between 5 billion bosses and 500 thousand bosses-because they are all farmers' mentality in their bones. They may all wear cloth shoes, their favorite food is pickles or dried vegetables, and they may still have the same attitude towards their relatives and friends around them. Their gestures make people feel good When I eat pickles, I often think, this is what we poor people eat, and that is not what the rich people eat. This kind of work style makes the generation in eastern Zhejiang less hostile to the rich. So here, it is enough to show that people in eastern Zhejiang look down on Anhui people. For example, during the first month of the first month, people in eastern Zhejiang often start work on the sixth day, and the latest is not more than the eighth day. Anhui people have no relatives to leave in time, so they must play mahjong for nine days until the fifteenth day of the first month. The natural conditions in eastern Zhejiang are not very good, but you seem to be worse in Anhui. You don't work hard, but you are so lazy There is also a bad habit-begging at most, how can you afford it? Therefore, two months ago, I saw relevant reports about Anhui beggar professional village, and it was inevitable that I was scolded again. It may be innocent to many other Anhui people, but I can only say that the bad style of your fellow villagers ruined my impression of your. )
I admire the quality of people in eastern Zhejiang, that is, revenge.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, wuyue was defeated, and Gou Jian, the king of Yue, took the courage to lead the people of the founding fathers of Yue to "gather for ten years and study for ten years", and finally achieved the great cause of rejuvenating the country. The spirit of revenge left behind has been handed down from generation to generation among people here. As Wang said, "This spirit of' an eye for an eye' and' revenge must be repaid' is well known to all. He has proudly quoted Wang Siren's words at the end of Ming Dynasty for many times to illustrate the historical tradition of eastern Zhejiang culture: "Huiji is a place of revenge, not a place to shelter evil people and shelter evil practices", and has repeatedly said: "I have never forgotten my intention. "
I prefer to look at history, saying that Shaoxing people were also the first rebels who perished in the Song Dynasty. At the time of the demise of the Ming Dynasty, at least one king of Lu regime was established to counter the Manchu regime. Of course, people often remember the top ten butchers in Jiading, but forget the king Lu who once supervised the country. In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, Tao's guild was very famous. It is a weather vane of China. Of course, Xu Xilin, who failed to assassinate Eun-ming, and Qiu Jin, the heroine of Jianhu, became famous later. But at least it proves that the spirit of revenge and resistance of the Vietnamese people still exists for thousands of years.
It's not good to hold grudges, but what about not holding grudges? I think this philosophical proposition is more interesting, but I can't answer it at the moment.
In other words, these can be summarized as the nature of eastern Zhejiang, because the connotation of geography and culture should already contain these.