Give a similar example:
Formalism education is the kind we have received since childhood. The Education Bureau has a unified outline, schools have a unified curriculum, and teachers have a unified teaching plan. Every student sitting in the classroom receives the same form and content of education. The idea behind this kind of education is to expect every student to have the same learning and growth achievements. The advantage of this kind of education is that students can meet the requirements of social needs with the least cost and resources. The disadvantage is that the individual differences of students are not taken into account.
In fact, everyone is familiar with progressive education. After school, I go to the teacher's house to make up lessons. The teacher first threw a set of three-year college entrance examination five-year simulation to do. After completing the correct answer, the teacher asked Wang Houxiong for help according to the students' unclear concept. The advantage of this educational model is that personal characteristics, such as thinking mode, intelligence level and study habits, are fully taken into account. The disadvantage is that it takes a lot of time and money and other resources.
In preschool education, how to pay attention to children's individual development process has always been an important theme. Different from the subject education in primary and secondary schools, preschool education mainly emphasizes the all-round development of children's body and mind and how to adapt to the surrounding social background. So in academic circles, the idea that the whole world has reached a consensus is "child-centered". The original initiator of this idea was john dewey. Its broad sense is progressive education, and another explanation is "personalized education". Personalized education is centered on the development of students and focuses on the needs of students' own development.
The title mentions the role of teachers in "personalized" education.
"Is the teacher's main job teaching or" education "? Or psychological counseling? "
Compared with "teaching", "education" and "psychological consultation", at least in the field of early childhood education, the teacher's role is more of a helper. The traditional educational ideas of western preschool education are "learning in games" and "learning based on games". This is very emphasized in the preschool education syllabus of any developed country. Some countries emphasize letting children play freely, and the role of teachers is to help provide children with an environment full of stimulating thinking and development, and monitor their safety, such as New Zealand, Switzerland and the United States. Some countries, such as Britain, emphasize that teachers should give appropriate guidance in children's games to maximize children's cognitive development, such as guiding children to think in language.
If children are allowed to play by themselves in eastern countries, parents will question whether the tuition fees paid are worth it. After all, traditional Confucian thoughts such as "diligence and diligence are for people and idleness" and "diligence and diligence are useless" are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Parents in China attach importance to the role of teachers and their children's academic performance, which is shown in many comparative studies. Teachers and principals also hold this idea. How to achieve "personalized" education, the breakthrough in concept is the first step.
Many close friends mentioned small class teaching. Indeed, especially in preschool education, governments all over the world have strict requirements on the teacher-student ratio, which is basically 1: 10+. The Hong Kong government requires that the teacher-student ratio of a class in pre-school institutions be 1: 15, that is, a teacher can't take more than 15 children, so that teachers can fully pay attention to the development and growth of each child.
I think personalized education, in addition to the personalized education process, is more important to the personalized evaluation of learning results. The evaluation of preschool education abroad is generally documentary, recording the growth and development process of children. Every child has a portfolio, in which the teacher records in detail what the child did and said in each activity, the child's social participation, the child's cognitive development and so on. And with pictures to help parents understand the specific development of their children. It is with this evaluation method that teachers can pay full attention to each child's situation in activities, instead of telling a story to make the children laugh and then class is over.
There is also a requirement for preschool teachers to achieve personalization. Education, especially preschool education, has very high requirements for teachers. You can refer to another question I answered: How to be a good kindergarten teacher? -An important answer
Speaking of teachers, P.S. added a little bit of his own experience.
Under the social background of China, it is not impossible to realize personalized education. According to my own experience, the most important thing is the teacher's point of view and ability. It is not impossible for teachers to broaden their horizons when tutoring students, not limited to textbooks, but to pay attention to the cultivation of students' ability in education. Give yourself a chestnut. When I was in junior high school, I met the head teacher and Chinese teacher who had the greatest influence on me. In the first class, the teacher asked us to recite the inscription "Mr. Wang Jingan's Monument in Haining" written by Chen Yinque, "Mr. Wang's writings are sometimes disorganized." Mr. Wang's theory is sometimes negotiable. Only this spirit of independence and freedom has been worshipped for thousands of years, lasting forever, and Yong Guang will live forever. "Education we should have our own independent spirit and free thinking. We don't do all kinds of exercises in Chinese texts, but read reading notes and various short articles extensively. The first thing in class every day is that the students on duty explain a Tang poem to the whole class that day, and then everyone recites it. Homework is also reciting poems, writing essays and couplets. After a year, we basically recited 300 Tang poems, including Song of Eternal Sorrow and Pipa. That year, although we never did exercises, our class's Chinese performance improved slowly until we were the first in grade. In the summer vacation of the first year of junior high school, the teacher resigned for some reason and went to Beijing Normal University for postgraduate study. But his management style and education style have a great influence on our class. He advocates that every student should have his own personality, his own ideas and strive for his own interests. Later, because the students in our class really have too many "ideas" and are naughty and don't like learning, science has always been the last one, and mathematics is the last one in grade on average, which is ten points worse than the second one in grade. And Chinese, has always been the first grade. There are more than 50 students in our class, and now 9 of them are studying in famous universities at home and abroad or have graduated from doctoral programs. Other students are also doing well in all walks of life. Because he not only teaches Chinese, but also encourages students to pursue their goals. When encountering failure, it is a man's courage to encourage everyone to "look for hope in despair" and "surprise". "Jiangdong's children are brilliant, and their comeback is unknown." There are also strict requirements on behavior habits. For example, writing a review of 1000 words one minute late has led everyone in our class to form the habit of not being late. I have been working for three years. I go to work at eight o'clock every day, six days a week, and I am never late. He also taught us that "being rich helps the world, while being poor is good at keeping fit", all of which were brought out during the lecture. He doesn't need a lesson plan in his lectures, and the content is completely brought out by his profound knowledge. Now every time I chat with my junior high school classmates, I feel that he has a great influence on us.