Question 2: Definition of carbon emissions trading Carbon emissions trading (referred to as carbon trading) is a market mechanism to promote global greenhouse gas emission reduction and reduce global carbon dioxide emissions. After difficult negotiations, the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on May 9, 1992. 1February 1997, 12 adopted the first additional agreement to the Convention, namely the Kyoto Protocol. The Protocol regards the market mechanism as a new way to solve the problem of greenhouse gas emission reduction represented by carbon dioxide, that is, treating carbon dioxide emission rights as a commodity, thus forming the trading of carbon dioxide emission rights, referred to as carbon trading.
Question 3: What is carbon emission trading? The concept of carbon emissions trading originated from the concept of emissions trading put forward by economists in the last century. Emission trading is an important environmental and economic policy in market economy countries. The United States National Environmental Protection Agency first applied it to the management of air pollution and river pollution. Since then, Germany, Australia, Britain and other countries have also implemented policies and measures for emissions trading. The general practice of emission trading is that * * * institutions estimate the maximum emission of pollutants meeting the environmental capacity in a certain area and divide it into several emission shares, each of which is an emission right. * * * In the primary market of emission rights, emission rights are paid to polluters through bidding and auction. After the polluter buys the emission right, he can buy and sell the emission right in the secondary market. It is generally believed that although the Netherlands and the World Bank took the lead in trading carbon emission rights in 2006, the global carbon emission market should be born in 2006. The transaction method is: according to the provisions of the Kyoto Protocol, the agreed countries promise to achieve certain carbon emission reduction targets within a certain period of time, and then each country allocates its own emission reduction targets to different domestic enterprises. When a country fails to achieve its emission reduction targets as scheduled, it can purchase a certain number of quotas or emission permits from countries with excess quotas or emission permits, mainly developing countries, to achieve the emission reduction targets. Similarly, within a country, enterprises that fail to achieve emission reduction targets on schedule can also purchase a certain number of quotas or emission permits from enterprises with excess quotas or emission permits to complete their emission reduction targets, thus forming an emission trading market. At present, the EU is at the forefront of the world in promoting emissions trading. The EU has formulated an EU gas emissions trading scheme applicable to the EU region, which allows emission reduction subsidies to enter the market by identifying the greenhouse gas emissions of specific fields 1 10,000 sets of devices, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Since the beginning of trading in the EU carbon emission market, the trading volume and amount have increased steadily. China factories and international carbon traders have also made huge profits from greenhouse gas emissions trading. Chemical plants can obtain carbon emission credits by reducing the emission of polluting HFCs into the atmosphere. This quota can be sold in the international carbon emissions trading market at the price of US dollars against US dollars. According to industry estimates, the installation cost of the scrubber device used to reduce the emission of hydrofluorocarbon gas is very low, and the installation cost of a general factory is between 10000- 10000 USD. Installing this device can generate millions of carbon credits, because as a greenhouse gas, it is many times more effective than carbon dioxide. Climate Change Capital Corporation has obtained about10,000 certified emission reduction or carbon emission credits from the HFC natural gas project in China, with a value of US$ billion. The ultimate buyers of carbon credits are developed countries, which have agreed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with the requirements of the Kyoto Protocol.
Question 4: What is carbon trading? That is, the cost of carbon emission reduction in developed countries is high, but they must meet the emission reduction targets (now the emission reduction targets in developed countries are very strict), so go to developing countries with relatively low costs and spend some money to help you reduce emissions (the goal is his), while developing countries get the benefits of others spending money and actually reducing emissions themselves.
Question 5: What is the essence of carbon emission trading? It is to curb carbon emissions. Although this is a powerful act, it is widely accepted. Although China did not reach agreement in some areas, it did not object. However, it does not mean that China has not responded to all relevant international agreements. Some regions will use some means to force "transactions", but it is not aimed at a single country. For example, the European Union requires all planes passing through or landing in this area to charge a carbon emission fee.
Question 6: What does the national carbon emissions trading system mean? Carbon emission management: a series of interrelated or interactive elements used to establish an organization's carbon emission policy, carbon emission objectives, processes and procedures, so as to realize the continuous improvement of the organization's total carbon emission and carbon emission intensity. General requirements of carbon emission management system
The Organization shall:
A) Establish a carbon emission management system according to the requirements of this document, supplement and improve the necessary documents, and organize the implementation of specific work according to the requirements of this document; After the establishment of the system, we should ensure that the daily work runs continuously and effectively according to the requirements of the documents, and constantly improve the documents related to the system;
B) Determine the scope and boundary of the carbon emission management system and make it clear in relevant documents;
C) Plan and determine feasible methods to meet the requirements of this document, and continuously improve carbon emission performance and carbon emission management system.
Question 7: The latest list of carbon emission trading concept stocks. In the A-share market of carbon emission trading concept stocks, CLP is likely to benefit (the company owns the largest flue gas CO2 capture device Z in China, acquired 32% equity of Rong Xian Futures last year, and laid out carbon environmental protection index trading and futures trading markets); Kemeite Gas (the food-grade liquid CO2 production enterprise with the largest annual production capacity with chemical tail gas as raw material); Dyson and Evergreen Group (leaders in the development of biomass energy industry, an important direction encouraged by the state to deal with climate change (2065438+04-2020)); Yong 'an Forestry (demonstration enterprise of forestry circular economy, potential target of forest carbon sink). In addition, the data show that Huayin Power (600744) and Shenneng (000027) share in Shenzhen Stock Exchange.
Question 8: What is carbon trading? How is carbon trading traded? Actually, I don't know how to operate it. I see your title is quite novel. I did a search on Baidu. My understanding of carbon trading is generally to sell excess emission quotas. The following is a report on carbon trading: More need to "talk" about participating in 2009-6-3010:17: 58 china economic herald has no leisure.
Because some people are willing to buy and others are willing to sell, the price difference is "attractive" and "carbon trading" has become an alternative "gold mine". The Kyoto Protocol signed in 1997 stipulates that developed countries have the responsibility to reduce emissions, while developing countries do not. In this case, carbon emission rights and emission reduction quotas have become a scarce resource, thus giving birth to the carbon trading market. Especially after the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol in 2005, the global carbon trading market showed a rapid growth momentum.
On June 18, the first batch of carbon trading in Beijing Environment Exchange was listed, which attracted more than 100 international buyers-China to buy "carbon". On the same day, the Beijing Stock Exchange and NYSE Euronext signed an agreement in Beijing. According to the agreement, CDM projects listed on the stock exchange will be released on the BlueNext channel at the same time, and it is expected that an international platform for domestic CDM project information service will be established.
The establishment of Beijing Environment Exchange is intended to build a local trading platform, which is also an important step for China to seek pricing power in the international carbon trading market. Although China has become a huge seller's market, China has no pricing power in this market, and the domestic selling price is far lower than the international prevailing price. Carbon trading prices have always been dominated by middlemen in developed countries and enterprises that buy emission reduction shares. It is reported that at the peak of the market, the price difference between China and Europe per ton of carbon dioxide emission reduction equivalent reached 20 euros. In other words, if a company develops a project to reduce emissions by 200,000 tons a year in China, it will make a net profit of 4 million euros in Europe. The existence of price difference makes many international speculators come to China to "speculate on carbon".
At the recent "Second China Clean Technology Industry Investment and Financing Summit", Jeff Huang of Chicago Climate Exchange predicted that if the United States passed the climate change carbon trading bill, the carbon market would rise from $65.438+065.438+00 billion in 2008 to $500 billion in 2065.438+02. By 2020, the scale of carbon market and carbon trading market will reach 3 trillion US dollars. "This market is probably much larger than the crude oil market and is currently the largest commodity market." Huang Jiefu said.
According to statistics, as of April 2008, the total amount of international carbon emissions trading was about 200 million tons, of which China accounted for nearly 654.38 billion tons, accounting for about 50% of the market share. According to previous statistics of the United Nations, China's carbon emission reduction has accounted for about13 of the global market, ranking second in the world, second only to India. By 20 12, China will account for 4 1% of all carbon emissions transactions issued by the United Nations and become the largest supplier in the world. Other data also show that as of February 2008, the clean development mechanism project in China has been certified by the United Nations, and the emission reduction has exceeded 36 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, ranking first in the world.
Although the statistical data of different periods and calibers are different, it is an indisputable fact that China's carbon emissions trading market has huge capacity and broad prospects. As a result, enterprises from developed countries, carbon funds and middlemen who undertake emission obligations have extended their tentacles to China and accelerated their landing in China. It is understood that there are as many as 200 or 300 international buyers of carbon in China. After the international financial crisis broke out in the second half of last year, a large number of speculative buyers withdrew, leaving about 60 at present.
According to the statistics of the United Nations, China's carbon emission reduction has accounted for about 1/3 of the global market, ranking second in the world. It is estimated that by 2065,438+02, China will account for 465,438+0% of all carbon emissions transactions issued by the United Nations, and become the largest supplier in the world, with great potential in the carbon trading market.
If China, which has a huge carbon trading market, lacks the right to speak for a long time, it will definitely be detrimental to the future development of China. It is considered to be a more favorable way to participate in the international market by establishing a carbon trading market platform in China, integrating various resources and information and forming a reasonable price. The establishment of Beijing Environment Exchange is undoubtedly good news for China, which is rich in carbon resources. At the same time, China enterprises, which have realized that their own interests have been damaged, have begun to take countermeasures. It is understood that at present, major producers of carbon emission reduction projects such as Datang Group, Huadian and China Power Investment Corporation have set up Datang CDM Office and Huadian Long Yuan Carbon Capital respectively. & gt
Question 9: At present, there are seven carbon emissions trading exchanges in China: Guangzhou Carbon Emissions Exchange, Shenzhen Carbon Emissions Exchange, Beijing Environment Exchange, Shanghai Environmental Energy Exchange, Hubei Carbon Emissions Exchange, Tianjin Carbon Emissions Exchange and Chongqing Carbon Emissions Exchange. These carbon emission exchanges hope to promote voluntary emission reduction when developing countries such as China have no legally binding obligation to limit and control greenhouse gases. Among them, Shenzhen emissions trading took the lead in starting trading on June 8, 20 13, generating a trading volume of over 130,000, and establishing individual members and public welfare members. In order to facilitate the institutions and individuals concerned about carbon emission trading in China, all exchanges have set up the service of "never leaving home and opening accounts in different places". Shanghai Environment and Energy Exchange launched "Expo voluntary emission reduction" with the help of Expo. Wang Shi, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Vanke Group, introduced at the side event of "China Carbon Trading Market Start-up and Capacity Building Seminar" co-sponsored by Alashan SEE Ecological Association and World Resources Institute * * that Vanke was the first buyer of the "Expo voluntary emission reduction" activity. The carbon emissions generated during the construction and operation of Vanke Pavilion in Shanghai World Expo are being independently verified, and then a corresponding number of physical objects are purchased through the platform of Shanghai Environment and Energy Exchange. However, the voluntary emission reduction trading business of these three exchanges is relatively light, mostly of a "demonstration" nature. Wang Shu, deputy director of the Climate Change Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, said at another carbon market meeting held here that voluntary emission reduction is based on corporate social responsibility and personal awareness. Although the technical conditions are basically available, the demand is very limited without total restrictions and incentives.