From concubines to famous painters, Pan Yuliang was buried in a graveyard, where many outstanding artists were buried. A magnificent black marble tombstone is inlaid with a white marble relief image of a sleeper. Under the statue, dozens of exquisite medals with different shapes are hung. On the right is an inscription engraved in Chinese: the tomb of the world artist Pan (1895 ~ 1977).
19 19 entered Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts to study painting. 192 1 was admitted to Sino-French University, 1923 was admitted to the National Academy of Fine Arts in Paris, and 1925 was admitted to the National Academy of Fine Arts in Rome. After returning to China from 65438 to 0928, he successively served as a professor at Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts, Xinhua Art Institute and Nanjing Central University. 1937 went to Paris again, 1977 died.
Pan () is a "beautiful" rich man, with a tortuous life path, an orphan, a prostitute, a concubine, an art pursuer, a professor at the highest institution in China, and a famous artist in the world art world! This is the experience of her long life.
Zhang Yuliang was born in a poor family in the ancient city of Yangzhou. He lost his father at the age of one, and his sister died at the age of two. At the age of 8, the only mother who lived alone with her unfortunately passed away, losing the pillar of survival and being alone. She was adopted by her uncle.
I blinked at my uncle's house for six years, and when I was 14 years old, it was the most eye-catching time for girls, commonly known as melon cutting season. Because of her efforts, Pan's works matured earlier. At the same time, she has an oval face, symmetrical facial features, a high nose, watery eyes, two arch eyebrows and a pair of sweet dimples on her cheeks. She is slim and graceful. She is a natural beauty. When her uncle saw this, he couldn't help forgetting his sister's brotherhood, and her sister was preoccupied with money. In the early summer when she was fourteen years old, he secretly coaxed her, sold her to Yichun Garden in Wuhu County, and became a child prostitute.
Mistaken into the world of mortals
/kloc-at the age of 0/7, she gradually became famous and became a famous flower in Wuhu because of her exquisite appearance and refined temperament. This year, it happened that Guan Zanhua came to Wuhu to take office, and the local government and colleagues from all walks of life hosted a banquet to welcome the new supervisor. The president of the Chamber of Commerce presented a string of songs for Zhang Yuliang to entertain. Zhang Yuliang gently played the lute, slowly opened his lips, and the beads were round and smooth. An old tune of "The Operator" echoed in the hall:
I don't like dust, but I seem to be mistaken by the frontier. When flowers bloom, you always have to look at the oriental monarch. If you go, you must go. How do you live? If you have a mountain flower in your head, Mo Wen will go home.
The tune was repeated twice, and the sad and yearning melody echoed in the hall for a long time. Pan Zanhua, the new supervisor, was deeply moved. After a long time, he asked Zhang Yuliang, "Whose words are these?" Zhang Yuliang sighed: "A man with the same fate as me."
Pan Zanhua asked again, "Who am I asking?"
Zhang Yuliang seems to be answering, saying to himself, "Yan Rui, a prostitute on the roof of the Southern Song Dynasty!"
Pan Zanhua looked at her intently and said, "Well! You know something. "
Zhang Yuliang replied shyly, "My Lord, I have never learned."
Pan Zanhua gave a meaningful "ah" and a sigh of regret came to mind. Said, "What a pity! What a pity! " The president of the Chamber of Commerce was secretly pleased to see all this. He put his mouth close to Pan Zanhua's ear and said, "Pan Gong, she is still a yellow flower girl!" " Pan Zanhua didn't answer, but he didn't have a grain on the mountain in his heart.
"giggle!" The servant is knocking at the door.
"What is it?"
"The president sent a girl to wait on adults."
Pan Zanhua was shocked, as if humiliated, and said, "I'm sleeping, tell her to go back!" " "As soon as the words came out, I felt inappropriate and added hastily," Tell her that if you are free tomorrow morning, please ask her to accompany me to see the scenery of Wuhu. " Pan Zanhua knows that the girl sent by the president must be the quiet and elegant girl who plays the pipa and sings during the day.
Back in Yichun Garden, Zhang Yuliang was beaten and scolded, saying that she was a waste, crying in the long night. ...
The next day, Zhang Yuliang was ordered to accompany Pan Zanhua to travel. Like a Woodenhead, she doesn't know the story of these scenic spots in Wuhu at all, and she can't tell the scenery of the lake, which completely loses the significance of being a tour guide. However, Pan Zanhua did not look down on her, nor did she just regard her as a woman accompanying fireworks. He himself is a well-informed person and is no stranger to the scenic spots in Wuhu. But patiently tell her the history and allusions of the scenic spots. She forgot her humble position and even the indifference and discrimination in this world. She found Pan Zanhua knowledgeable and approachable, which aroused her admiration. As night fell, Pan Zanhua told the coachman, "Send Miss Zhang back!" Zhang Yuliang pleaded: "My Lord, please keep me!" Tears welled up in her eyes, and her whole body trembled slightly, so she could not afford to kneel. Pan Zanhua bent down to hold her hand, and she crawled cleverly on his hand.
Walking into the guest room of the supervision room, Pan Zanhua asked, "Let me ask you, what are you doing here?" Zhang got up the courage and said, "They treat me like fish food and want to fix you and Mr. Pan together. Once you like me, I will bargain with you to make customs clearance convenient for them, otherwise I will treat you as a prostitute and ruin your reputation! " If you drive me back, they will call me incompetent and ask hooligans to spoil me. I know adults are decent people, and it is not good for you to leave me, but I am helpless! "Pan Zanhua eagerly asked," who are they? "
Zhang Yuliang replied: "The president of the Chamber of Commerce and the godmother ..."
Met a good man by chance
Pan Zanhua nodded, with a grim expression on his face, and asked the servant to make her bed in the study. He slept there and gave his bedroom to Zhang Yuliang.
That night, Zhang Yuliang tossing and turning, Pan Zanhua with suspicion, with her no scruples about her reputation, gave up the room. She felt uneasy. Few officials in today's society are so honest and compassionate. He was tall and shadowy, and an inexplicable love burned her. Excited, she got up shyly, rubbed her eyelids, put on her clothes, sat in front of the case, turned on the light, found a piece of paper, and drew a lotus flower on it that she liked and was familiar with since childhood.
The next day, Pan Zanhua went out early and the servant brought her three meals. She didn't go out, waiting for Pan Zanhua to come back. It was dark and she didn't light the lamp. Sitting on the edge of the bed, stroking the strings gently, singing softly: "Pan [1] The spring water in the stream is clear, and the spring flowers on the shore are brilliant. Suddenly, with a hiss, someone lit the lamp. She was shocked, and at first glance, it was the person she expected. " She called out, My Lord, you're back! "Pan Zanhua smiled faintly and said," I've heard you play music for a long time. You play very well! "
Look, what did I bring you back? "He held up his hand. It was a new set of textbooks for senior primary school students." I don't think you have studied. It is difficult to learn ancient Chinese at first. Easy first, then difficult. Now I'll teach you a lesson. "Zhang Yuliang meekly sitting opposite him.
After class, Pan Zanhua is ready to get up and leave. He stumbled across the lotus painted by Zhang Yuliang and praised: "Extraordinary talent, natural artistic temperament!" Zhang Yuliang said shyly, "It's just a joke, adults laugh!"
In a blink of an eye, two months passed, and Zhang Yuliang eagerly studied that set of Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools. One day, Pan Zanhua
He said to Zhang Yuliang, "I want to redeem you and send you back to your hometown of Yangzhou to be a free man."
Hearing this, Zhang Yuliang began to cry and begged him to say, "Go back to Yangzhou. I am a lonely woman and helpless. I just came from Yangzhou."
Will a fire pit jump into a puddle? My Lord will keep me as a servant and I will serve my Lord all my life. "
Become a concubine
Pan Zanhua paused and said, "Yu Liang, you are a good girl and very smart. In my eyes, you are a child. "
Son, I am older than you 12 years old. I have a wife and children at home. I can't bear to wronged you. There seems to be no other way now. They made a lot of rumors for me outside and wanted me to make concessions to them on tariffs ... alas! At this point, you ...
If you really want to, I decide to marry you as my second wife, and I can put a wedding notice in the newspaper tomorrow. "Zhang Yuliang eyes shine, she readily agreed.
After the wedding reception, they sent the eighth guest away. Zanhua stole a look at her. The power of youth is beating in her veins. He put his arm around her slender waist and sent her hot lips. She was so gentle that she almost fainted with excitement. She was so immersed in it that she wanted to cry ... Zanhua said to her, "I didn't discuss anything with you in advance." I sent a telegram to Shanghai. Find a friend to rent me a better house, and then you will live in Shanghai. "
Yu Liang was surprised and said, "No way! Don't! I don't want to leave you, I want to wait for you for a long time. "
"Listen, Yu Liang, go to Shanghai, hire a gentleman for you, teach you to read systematically, leave this troublesome place and start tomorrow." Zanhua held her gently in her arms and spoke softly.
Before going to bed, she picked up a pen and added a neat name to Zhang Yuliang under the work "Lotus"
The word "Pan" praised Hua: "Why did you change your surname? I respect women's rights and respect democracy, so let's call it Zhang. "
Yu Liang looked back and smiled. "My name should be Pan. I belong to you. Without you, there would be no me! " "
Zanhua smiled, stepped forward and grabbed her delicate hand, put her mouth to her lips, and Yu Liang held his neck.
Actively cooperate with a kiss, Zanhua felt a heat flow spread all over her body and quickly carried her to bed.
Three days later, they arrived in Shanghai by boat, and Zanhua arranged a new house in Yu Liang. A teacher was hired for her and she started a new life. She is like a swallow in spring, facing the bright spring, learning to fly to the sky.
Mr. Wang teaches Yu Liang for three hours every morning, and Yu Liang does exercises in the afternoon. She is eager to study, and her progress surprises the teacher. One day, she passed the neighbor's window and found Mr. Hong drawing. Since then, she often stays in this window secretly, holding her breath and being silent every time. Later, Mr. Hong found her. It was an excellent fate, and Yu Liang became his good student. In his letter to Pan Zanhua, Mr. Ye Hong said, "... I am pleased to announce that I have officially accepted your wife as my student and taught art for free ... She has shown amazing sensitivity and rare acceptance in artistic sense. ..
People's opportunities are unpredictable, and sometimes contingency is also manifested as a strange fate, which will give people unexpected luck, even in dreams. Knowing Pan Zanhua is a turning point in Zhang Yuliang's life.
Be admitted to a prestigious school
Zhang Yuliang entered the Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts. There were too many people taking the exam, and the five classrooms were in darkness. She writes freely and accurately expresses her feelings with lines. Her sketches were praised by teachers and students. After handing in the paper and going home, she was on pins and needles and wanted to tell her relatives about her joy and passion. Someone knocked at the door. She answered the door. It's Mr Ye Hong. He came in excitedly, with a relaxed and enthusiastic smile on his face: "Yu Liang, you did well in the exam today. The invigilator praised your line drawing. It seems that admission is not a problem. "
A week later, the school released the list, and the campus gate was crowded with people. Yu Liang was squeezed in the crowd. She rummaged through the list and looked everywhere. Her heart began to tighten and her breathing became rapid. From beginning to end, there was no her name, and all hope was dashed. She looks pale. At first glance, Mr. Hong thought she was ill and wanted to take her to the hospital. She shook her head and said that she was not ill. "ah! Not sick? What's wrong with you? " Mr. Hong asked eagerly.
"My name is not on the list!" She answered weakly.
With that, she turned her head and walked away. The pace is so fast. Teacher Hong immediately went to the gentlemen in the Academic Affairs Office and said, "Our model dispute has not subsided. Isn't it an excuse for the guardian to take away a student with her background? " Mr. Hong is in a hurry. He ran to the headmaster to explain his best decission. "School enrollment only recognizes results; The country only recognizes talents, and God does not stick to a model to reduce talents! Talents are rare since ancient times: birth is the standard of choice. Is this still school? Art is real, and there is no such unwritten rule in art from ancient times to the present. Principal, it's unfair to treat talents like this! This is a distortion of art! "
Liu Haisu, the headmaster, was moved by his feelings. He immediately picked up the brush dipped in ink. Before posting, he wrote the word "Zhang Yuliang" in the left margin of the first place, and stamped the official seal of the Academic Affairs Office on it.
Mr. Hong ran to find Zhang Yuliang and went into the house. She is not at home. After receiving instructions, Mr. Hong came to Suzhou Creek.
Ah! She paced up and down by the river, and the wind blew her hair, making her look miserable. His face is like a layer of ice. At this time, President Liu followed Mr. Hong. After the bath, the four beauties were shocked and bowed their heads feebly.
Mr. Hong couldn't help congratulating her: "Yu Liang, Yu Liang! You are officially accepted! Really, President Liu personally came to inform you! " "Yes, Zhang Yuliang, it's true. I congratulate you! " President Liu looked at her and smiled kindly. "A long school! Teacher Hong ...! "She can't control her emotional impulses. She cried sincerely with joy, so beautiful and lovely. What is unforgettable is that in 19 18, Zhang Yuliang stepped into the door of China Higher Art Institute.
At the beginning of the second school year, there is a human sketch class in the class. On the day of the first class, as soon as I entered the classroom, I saw a naked woman standing in front of the podium. The male students bowed their heads, and Yu Liang was a little embarrassed. Her face was flushed, her head was lowered to the easel, and her heart was jumping like a deer. People used to praise her paintings, but today they said to her, "You are so good at landscape painting, why are you so slow in body modeling?"
That day, she went to the bathroom to take a bath, and in an instant, her eyes lit up. Isn't this a good opportunity to practice human dynamics? She hurried back to the dormitory, took a pencil and sketch book, and drew quickly in a corner of the dormitory. She was immersed in the excitement of artistic practice. Later, he was discovered, angered and beaten, and suffered mental and physical trauma.
On Sunday, she went home, closed the doors and windows, closed the curtains, took off her clothes, sat naked in front of the mirror, carefully observed her plump chest, white and delicate skin, symmetrical legs and various parts of her body, and never left the oil painting rack all afternoon. This exercise has enabled her to enter the ranks of outstanding graduates.
Studying in France
But it also caused a sensation in the school. As a news relay, people have different opinions, and the principal summoned her for this matter. The headmaster was very concerned about him and said, "Ms. Yu Liang, the development of western painting in China is limited. Strive to go to France after graduation. I will find you a French teacher to help you learn French. " She understood the headmaster's meaning and nodded.
Pan asked Pan Zanhua for advice, and he listened to her wishes. "Well, you have your reasons. You are pursuing a meaningful career, I listen to you! " Yu Liang smiled through tears like a child, and she threw herself on her broad chest.
The soft sea breeze wafted in from the window, with a little salty taste. Sitting on the cruise ship Queen of Canada, Jed was very excited on his conscience. Since receiving the study allowance, she has been immersed in joy and finally embarked on a journey to Paris. She will never forget 192 1 year, which is the most sacred day in her heart. Yu Liang studied French for a month at China-France University in Lyon, and was admitted to the National Academy of Fine Arts in Lyon with excellent sketch results. 1923 transferred to Paris National Academy of Fine Arts. During this period, she and China classmates Xu Beihong and Qiu Deming left footprints and figures on the sparkling Seine River in the Arc de Triomphe. 1925, she completed her studies at the National Academy of Fine Arts in Paris and joined the National Academy of Fine Arts in Rome. Rome, the capital of art, is famous for its large-scale ancient buildings and rich artistic treasures. Here, she became a free student of Professor Jones, a senior academic authority. 1928, graduated from oil painting, and was officially admitted to Professor Jones' sculpture class.
At that time, the domestic political situation was unstable. Zanhua lost his job of customs supervision and could not send money to Yu Liang. The allowance for studying abroad, which was originally very small, was intermittent for a long time. The cruel reality makes her often go to class hungry and get pocket money, not to mention.
Learn to serve the country
/kloc-in the spring of 0/929, she didn't see any letters and allowances from home for four months in a row, and once she fainted in class. The professor and classmates couldn't bear to watch it, so they pooled their money to give it to her. At this time, the messenger shouted: "Ms. Zhang Yuliang from China, your manuscript!" The students gathered around to have a look. It was from the selection committee of Eurasian Modern Art Exhibition. Postscript: "Ms. Pan Zhang Yuliang, your oil painting" Naked Woman "won the third prize with a prize of 5000 riel."
The graduation examination and defense have been carried out. When the graduation ceremony was about to be held, Yu Liang met Liu Haisu, the president of his alma mater who was traveling in Europe. At the classmate party in a foreign country, she was so excited that she hugged the old headmaster tightly and couldn't say a word. There are only tears in her eyes. At present, Dean Liu has written a letter of appointment to, and after returning to China, he was hired as the director and tutor of the painting research office of Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts.
Wandering in a foreign country for nine years, I have gone through hardships and returned to China with perfection and joy, and I can't say how happy I am. "Oooo ..." With a melodious whistle, the ship docked at Wuyukou Port, Zanhua stepped into the cabin and met again after such a long separation.
Two months later, Mr. Wang Jiyuan held "The First Exhibition of Western Female Painters in China" for Pan in Shanghai.
There are more than 200 exhibits, which shocked the painting circles in China. Shen Bao sent a special message, and President Liu sent a telegram of congratulations from Rome. At this time, Yu Liang's classmate Xu Beihong, who was studying in France, sent her a letter of appointment, asking her to be the head of the art department of CUHK and asking her to teach in CUHK.
1932, Yu Liang held its second solo exhibition. President Liu, who came back from Europe, personally visited the exhibition. The headmaster stopped in front of the "Fushan Ancient Temple". He pointed to the painting and said to the people around him, "Look, what a unique and interesting ancient temple it is. It can be described vividly. It shows that the author has a solid foundation of western painting, and also shows his skill and artistic conception. The audience agreed, but the old headmaster changed the subject. However, I don't like or advocate this kind of sketch. I advocate drawing lessons from western art to enrich and develop China's painting art ... "Yu Liang was shocked, and she seriously thought that her works lacked individuality. Later, in order to enrich and enrich her artistic nutrition, she traveled all over the peaks, canyons, studios and classrooms of Huangshan, Lushan, Fushan and Yangtze River. Two years later, she exhibited a new novel and was praised by people.
1936, she held her fifth solo exhibition, which was also her last exhibition on the motherland. The strong man won the highest honor, but unexpectedly, at the end of the exhibition, a note was posted on the strong man's painting. The note reads: "Prostitutes' ode to their clients. "This is another blow to jade conscience!
After the exhibition, Yu began to teach before his conscience calmed down. On this day, she suddenly got a call from Zanhua, and the first lady came. When she got home, she heard the first lady say, "There are national laws and family rules. Being a professor can make you equal with me. This is common sense through the ages ..." Zanhua said helplessly, "Hey! You ... "Yu Liang focused on the past and couldn't help feeling sorry for him. "It's hard for him!" So she softened and gave in. She hurried into the room and knelt down to the first lady.
What shall we do? Where can we completely get rid of the ropes that bind me? At this time, she thought of the place where she had struggled.
Yu Liang once again boarded the Canadian Queen cruise ship. The sea is shaking and the waves are turning. Leaving Zanhua and her native land, she came to Paris again, and still lived in Mrs. Meese's house, a foreign women. Treat people warmly and simply. They get along well. She sometimes goes to the University Mill Gallery to paint and sculpt. Sometimes I sketch in the suburbs. If you get a good work, you will treasure it yourself and only sell some mediocre paintings to make a living.
Soon, Wang Shouyi, her student in CUHK, came to Paris and found Yu Liang: Yu Shouyi came with Mr. Li Lin, the host of China Paradise, and asked Yu Liang to order a statue of Mr. Grusay for six thousand francs for three months. Yu Liang agreed. She put a lot of effort into this statue. After the work is completed, according to the contract, it must be examined and approved by the appraiser. After reading the work, Mr. Nassef said, "Thank you, Mrs. Pan! This statue of Griya is one of the most successful works I have ever seen. I was a good friend of Mr. Grusay before his death, and I will never forget his image. Thanks to this ingenious wooden pen, it reproduces his solemn scholar style and eternal modesty. It's really vivid and wonderful! Our museum decided to collect it. "
Yu Liang suddenly felt cool and sweet in her heart, and her face suddenly turned rosy. Then Saif tentatively asked again:
"Madam, can I enjoy your other works?" Yu Liang said, "Please!" They walked into Yu Liang's studio, which is called the showroom. Nasef was surprised when he came in. He said excitedly, "Just like the Italian night queen hiding in a deep valley, she has a unique charm. Once the knower finds out, it will shock the art world! "
1938 On a sunny day at the beginning of the year, Yu Liang went to see an art exhibition. She was looking at a picture when a little newsboy's cry came: "Extra! Extra! Japanese troops occupied Nanjing, the capital of China! " Yu Liang's heart trembled as if she had fallen from her chest, and her body felt empty and airy.
That night, she stayed up all night and finished a sculpture "China Poet" with grief and indignation. After the fall of Nanking, Yu Liang lost contact with Zanhua, and she was very miserable. Thanks to Wang Shouyi's frequent visits to her alone, she was comforted. On one occasion, she and Wang Shouyi went to the Nasai River to sketch, and Wang Shouyi proposed to her. Yu Liang sighed and said, "You know me too well! I only tell you that I have no right. I am twelve years older than you, and I have already got married! "
"no! You are deceiving me and myself. Although I don't understand why you stayed in France in the first place, I know that you decided not to go back when you came to Paris for the second time. You have pain, unspeakable secrets and misfortune. You can't hide someone who loves you strongly! "
Yu Liang's body trembled slightly, and her eyes were rosy, but she tried her best not to let the tears overflow. She gave him a wry smile and replied, "Friend, I don't admit that I have pain, but I am also relieved that Zanhua and I really love each other. Although I am separated from him in a foreign country, I believe that one day I will return to him. "
Wang Shouyi burst into tears and said to Yu Liang in a trembling voice, "Good sister, you! ..... forgive me! " Yu Liang added, "My dear brother, it's all my fault for making you sad. Do you hate me? "
Characteristics of oil painting
Pan's oil paintings, whether bearing, cultivation or technique, are unparalleled among the early western female painters in China, and so are the western male painters. Her painting style is basically based on the impressionist external light technique, combined with her own feelings and talents. Her paintings are not charming and exquisite, but they are a bit cruel. The pen is crisp and neat, and the color is subjective and bold, but it looks good. In the face of her paintings, there is always an undisguised emotion. Her bold personality and artistic pursuit are fully revealed in her rich brushstrokes and colors, and she is born with an artist temperament. Different from other western painters, she dabbles in various art forms and has profound attainments: landscapes, figures, still lives, sculptures, prints and Chinese paintings are all meticulous, while traditional realism, modern impressionism, modern painting and even the integration of Chinese and Western styles tend to be China-like ... all of them are bold explorations and excellent performances. Among them, impressionist techniques and oriental artistic sentiment are the two foundations of her painting evolution, which constitute the track of her artistic development.
representative works
Representative works include Flowers, Chrysanthemum and Female Human Body, Woman in Bath, A Bottle of Flowers, Moonlit Piano Sound and so on. The painting "Moonlit Music" will appear at Sotheby's Autumn Auction in Hong Kong on June 65438+ 10 this year. This work was written on 1950, during Pan's second mission to France. In the picture, on a full moon night, a woman in cheongsam and underwear is holding a pipa and fiddling with the strings. This woman's facial expression is gentle and elegant, with the beauty of oriental classicism. In the sketch of characters' hands and facial features, we can see beauty and elegance with oriental line drawing. This painting is reminiscent of the scene where Pan and his other half, Pan Zanhua, met for the first time and were destined for life. The works were first purchased directly from Pan's friends by French private collectors, and now they have rarely appeared in the market, with an estimated value of 3.8 million to 5 million Hong Kong dollars.