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On September 19, Ke Sze Sao, the plenipotentiary of China to the League of Nations, reported the incident to the League of Nations and demanded that the League of Nations uphold justice.
On September 6th, China's Foreign Minister Wang lodged a solemn protest with his Japanese counterpart.
On September 2 1, Ke Sze Sao formally lodged a complaint with the League of Nations;
On September 23rd, the China administration sent a note to the US government on this matter, hoping that the other side would "express deep concern".
2. Non-resistance policy
199 1 After regaining his freedom, Zhang Xueliang repeatedly admitted on various occasions that the decision to "not resist" was entirely his own. It has nothing to do with Chiang Kai-shek.
Although Japan provoked many times in the Wanbaoshan incident and the Nakamura incident, Zhang Xueliang called Rong Zhen, chief of staff of the Northeast Army, and the administrative committees of the three northeastern provinces on September 6: "Now Japan is becoming more and more active in its diplomacy with China, and it is extremely appropriate to be as cautious as possible. No matter how the Japanese make trouble, we must tolerate it, not resist it, and not make trouble. I hope the telegram will be sent quickly, and it is important to pay attention. "
In the September 18th Incident, Zhang Xueliang left an evaluation of "a general who did not resist". However, Zhang Xueliang's non-resistance behavior was gradually evaluated as: he misjudged the purpose of the Japanese army, if he knew that the Japanese army was not "looking for trouble" but was going to annex the Northeast. As the rumble of the Northeast, he will not hand over the Northeast to Japan. Zhang Xueliang said in an interview with Japanese state-run television on 1990 that he believed that "war is not in the interest of the Japanese government, and the Japanese government should restrain the Kwantung Army".
2. Producer of China * * *
On September 20th, the China Producers' Party Central Committee issued the Declaration on Japanese Imperialism Occupying the Three Northeast Provinces, condemning Japanese aggression.
On September 22nd, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China passed the Resolution on Japanese Imperialism's Occupation of Manchuria, pointing out to the whole party that "immediately mobilizing and organizing the broad masses of workers and peasants to oppose Japanese imperialism's occupation of Manchuria" is the central task of the party. Especially in Manchuria, it is necessary to organize the armed forces to "directly and severely attack Japanese imperialism" and issue declarations and resolutions for many times in a row, denouncing the aggression crimes of Japanese fascism and exposing the reactionary policies of Chiang Kai-shek Kuomintang.
Under the call of the * * * production party in China and the leadership of some local party organizations, the people of the whole country set off an unprecedented upsurge of resisting Japan and saving the nation. College students and citizens from Beiping, Shanghai, Nanjing, Tianjin, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Taiyuan, Guangzhou, Jinan and Fuzhou gathered and marched in succession, electrified to resist Japan and save the country, and went to Nanjing in droves to petition and demonstrate, demanding that the government send troops to resist Japan.
3. Japanese government
1. The policy of not expanding the cabinet
1931September19, the Japanese government held an emergency cabinet meeting. Minami Jiro's Minister of the Army stressed that this was a self-defense action of the Kwantung Army, but the Foreign Minister (Baron) suspected that this was a conspiracy of the Kwantung Army and tried to solve the incident through diplomatic means. On September 24th, the Cabinet meeting decided the policy of "not further expanding the situation". However, the Kwantung Army ignored the government's decision and expanded its front in the name of self-defense.
2. General Comment of Wakatsuki Reijiro Cabinet
Wakatsuki Reijiro cabinet speech. The next day, Inukai Tsuyoshi was appointed as the Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, and Sadao Araki Night of barren hills Tawei station Wild Bodyguard Red Dead Redemption Wild Pursuit Solitary in wilderness Wilderness survival Into The Wild Hunting in wilderness Steppenwolf Brilliant green Royal Prime Minister's Palace Emperor Waltz Hwang Bo Hye Jung The name of Huang Fu Splendid palace Pearls on the Crown Royal Albert Hall Royal Ontario Museum and Taiwei, who stood on the night of the barren hills and mountains, died to redeem the wild guards, and pursued the wilderness to survive in the wilderness. The wild hunting of the wild wolf became a wilderness. The palace of the brilliant green royal prime minister, the name of the emperor Waltz Hwang Bo Hye Jung, Huang Fuhuali's palace, and the Royal Ontario Museum in the crown of pearls were appointed as the Minister of the Army.
65 15 event
1932, 12 in March, Inukai Tsuyoshi's cabinet made a decision that "Manchuria will leave China and will help it establish a national system in the future". In fact, the Japanese government was passively restricted by the overbearing Kwantung Army in this incident. (Five outbreaks occurred in Japan in the same year? In the 11th Five-Year Plan, Inukai Tsuyoshi was assassinated. )
4. The international community
League of Nations and Lipton Fact-Finding Mission
The League of Nations sent a fact-finding mission to investigate the whole incident. 1932, 10 year12 October, the investigation team published the Litton Report, pointing out that the incident provoked by the Japanese was an act of aggression against China. Japan withdrew from the League of Nations because it refused to recognize Manchukuo as an independent country. It was indeed too late for the investigation team to publish its report more than a year after the incident-Japan ignored the condemnation of the League of Nations and continued its aggression.
Guo Taiqi, China's ambassador to Britain, said at the special meeting of the League of Nations that he opposed the League of Nations to draft a one-sided report on the China issue in accordance with the wishes of Britain and France, regardless of the opposition of most countries.
5. America
1932 65438+1On October 7, US Secretary of State henry stimson sent a note to Japan and China, declaring that Japan's aggression against Manchuria was an interference in the internal affairs of China's territory and violated the Treaty of Versailles, so the US government refused to recognize it. This is the so-called stimulus. China and subsequent European countries generally agreed with this, but the Japanese ignored this announcement.
The response of the United States to the "September 18th Incident" has gone through a process from passive wait and see, to cooperation with the League of Nations, and then to "non-recognition", and the general trend is to gradually develop in a tough direction. However, because the United States did not take strong substantive actions, the United States' response to Japan's containment was weak.