Psychological counseling refers to the process of using psychological methods to seek solutions for those who have problems in psychological adaptation. People who need to solve problems and come for help are called visitors or customers, and consultants who provide help are called consultants.
Visitors tell, ask and discuss their psychological discomfort or obstacles through language, writing and other communication media. With their support and help, we can find out the causes of psychological problems through discussion, analyze the crux of the problem, and then seek the conditions and countermeasures to get rid of the predicament and solve the problem.
In order to restore psychological balance, improve adaptability to the environment and improve physical and mental health. This is a school advocated by Rogers. Its basic assumption is that we have the ability to understand our own problems and the resources to solve them. Therefore, as a consultant, we must pay attention to the constructive and healthy side of visitors themselves.
Focus on the real scene directly faced by visitors, and attach importance to visitors' feelings about themselves. The goal of consultation is to let visitors grow and improve by observing themselves, and they can make changes without too much intervention and guidance from consultants. What a consultant needs to give is understanding, sincerity, support, acceptance, relationship and positive evaluation.
Behavioral psychological counseling is based on learning theory and behavioral therapy theory. It believes that people's problem behaviors and symptoms are caused by wrong cognition and study, and advocates that psychological counseling should focus on the current behavior problems of visitors and pay attention to the learning and solution of a special behavior problem at present.
Promote the change and disappearance of problem behaviors or the acquisition of new behaviors. The founder of behaviorism is Watson, but Pavlov's classical conditioned reflex, Skinner's operating conditioned reflex and Bandura's social learning theory have great influence on psychological counseling.