Embedded system designers belong to the intermediate qualification examination of soft test. According to the embedded system designer examination syllabus, the examination contents of each subject are as follows:
Examination subject 1: Basic knowledge of embedded system.
1. Fundamentals of Computer Science
1. 1 number system and its transformation
Common digital systems such as binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal and their mutual conversion.
1.2 data representation
Built-in representation of numbers (original code, complement, code shift, fixed-point and floating-point, precision and overflow)
Coding method of characters, Chinese characters, sounds and images
Check method and check code (parity check code, Hamming check code, cyclic check code)
1.3 Arithmetic and logic operations
Binary number operation method in computer
Basic operations of logical algebra and simplification of logical expressions
1.4 computer system structure and basic working principle of important components
Composition, performance and basic working principle of CPU and memory
The performance of common I/O equipment and communication equipment, and the basic working principle.
Functions, types and characteristics of I/O interface
Basic working principle of virtual storage and multilevel storage system
1.5 Basic knowledge of safety, reliability and system performance evaluation
Diagnosis and fault tolerance
System reliability analysis and evaluation
Computer system performance evaluation method
2. Hardware knowledge of embedded system
2. 1 Fundamentals of digital circuits and logic circuits
2. 1. 1 combinational circuit and sequential circuit
2. 1.2 bus circuit and level shift circuit
2. 1.3 programmable logic device
2.2 Embedded Microprocessor Foundation
2.2. 1 embedded microprocessor architecture
Feng? Neumann structure and Harvard structure
CISC and RISC
Pipeline technology
Byte order of information storage (big-end storage method and small-end storage method)
2.2.2 Structure and type of embedded system processor
Architecture and types of commonly used 8-bit processors
Architecture characteristics of common 16 bit processors
Architecture characteristics of commonly used 32-bit processors
Architecture characteristics of commonly used DSP processors
Architecture characteristics of multi-core processors
abnormal
Synchronization exception (trap, fault, termination)
Asynchronous exception (interrupt)
Masked interrupt
Interrupt priority, interrupt nesting
2.3 storage system of embedded system
2.3. 1 storage system
Hierarchical structure of storage system
Cache (cache)
memory management unit
2.3.2 types and selection of rom
Common types of read-only memory
Typical characteristics and differences of PROM, EPROM and E2PROM
2.3.3 Types and Selection of Flash Memory
Types of flash memory
Typical characteristics and differences between NOR and NAND flash memory
2.3.4 types and selection of ram
Types of common RAM
Typical characteristics and differences of SRAM, DRAM, DDRAM and NVRAM
External storage
Common types of external memory
Typical characteristics and differences of disk, CD, CF, SD, etc.
2.4 embedded system I/O interface
2.4. 1 Basic principle and structure of timer and counter
2.4.2 basic principle and structure of gpio and PWM interface
2.4.3 Basic principle and structure of A/D and D/A interfaces.
2.4.4 Basic and Structure of Keyboard, Monitor and Touch Screen Interface
2.4.5 Audio Interface of Embedded System
2.5 embedded system communication and network interface
Basic principles and structures of PCI, USB, serial port, infrared, parallel port, SPI, IIC and PCMCIA.
Basic principles and structures of Ethernet, CAN, WLAN, Bluetooth and 1394.
2.6 power classification and power principle of embedded system
2.7 Electronic Circuit Design
2.7. 1 Basic knowledge of electronic circuit design
Principles of electronic circuit design
Design Methods and Steps of Electronic Circuits
Reliable knowledge of electronic circuit design.
2.7.2 Basic knowledge of PCB design
PCB design principles
PCB design method and steps
Matters needing attention and wiring principles in multilayer PCB design
Reliability knowledge in PCB design
2.7.3 Basic knowledge of electronic circuit testing
Principles and methods of electronic circuit testing
Hardware anti-interference test
3. Knowledge of embedded system software
3. 1 Basic knowledge of embedded software
3. 1. 1 Classification of embedded software (system software, supporting software and application software)
3. 1.2 embedded software architecture, without operating system support (polling, interrupt, foreground and background)
3. 1.3 Embedded software architecture supported by operating system
3. 1.4 Basic knowledge of board support package (system initialization, device driver)
3. 1.5 embedded middleware (GUI, database)
3.2 Basic knowledge of embedded operating system
3.2. 1 embedded operating system architecture
Monomer structure, layered structure and micronucleus structure
task management
Multiprogramming technology
Concepts of process, thread and task
Implementation of tasks (task hierarchy, task control block, task state and state transition, task queue)
Task scheduling (performance index of scheduling algorithm, preemptive scheduling, nonpreemptive scheduling, first come, first served, short job priority algorithm, time slice rotation algorithm, priority algorithm).
Real-time system and task scheduling (RMS, EDF algorithm)
Inter-task communication (* * * shared memory, messages, pipes and signals)
Synchronization and mutex (race condition, critical section, mutex, semaphore, deadlock)
storage administration
Plane storage management mode
Partition storage management (fixed partition, variable partition)
Address relocation (logical address, physical address, address mapping)
Page storage management
Virtual storage technology (program locality principle, virtual page storage management, page replacement algorithm, working set model)
facility management
Device independence, I/O address, I/O control, interrupt handling, buffering technology, spooling technology)
3.2.5 Basic knowledge of file system
Files and directories
Structure and organization of documents
Access method, access control
Common embedded file systems (FAT, JFFS, YAFFS)
3.2.6 Basic knowledge of operating system transplantation
3.3 Embedded System Programming
3.3. 1 Basic knowledge of embedded software development
Embedded programming language
Basic knowledge and working principle of assembly, compilation and interpretation system
assembler language
Procedure-based languages (procedures/functions, parameter passing, global variables, recursion, dynamic memory allocation, data types)
Object-oriented languages (object, data abstraction, inheritance, polymorphism, automatic memory management)
Main features and applications of various programming languages
3.3.3 Embedded software development environment
Host and target machines
Editor, compiler, linker, debugger, simulator
Common embedded development tools (programmer, hardware simulator, logic analyzer, oscilloscope)
integrated development environment
Developing auxiliary tools
Embedded software development
Software design (module structure design, data structure design, memory layout, object-oriented analysis and design)
Embedded boot program design, device driver design, kernel design, network program design, application software design)
Coding (programming specification, code review)
Testing (test environment, test cases, test methods, test tools)
Download and run
3.3.5 Transplantation of embedded application software
4. Knowledge of embedded system development and maintenance
4. 1 system development process and project management
Division method of goals and tasks in each stage of system development life cycle
System development projects depend on your basic knowledge and the use of common management tools.
Main system development methods
System development tools and environmental knowledge
4.2 Basic knowledge of system analysis
The purpose and task of system analysis
System analysis method
Writing method of system specification
4.3 System design knowledge
Traditional system design method
Software and hardware co-design method
4.4 System implementation knowledge
System architecture design
System detailed design
System debugging technology
system test
4.5 System maintenance knowledge
Knowledge of system operation management
System maintenance knowledge
Systematic evaluation knowledge
5. Safety knowledge
The basic concept of security
Encryption and decryption mechanism
6. Standardization knowledge
The concept of standardization
Basic knowledge of international standards, norms, industry standards and enterprise standards
Understand code standards, file format standards, security standards, software development specifications and document standards.
Standardization organization
Embedded system related standards
7. Basic knowledge of informatization
Basic concepts of informatization and information system
Relevant laws and regulations
8. Development trend of embedded technology
9. Computer English
Correct reading and understanding of English materials in related fields
Examination subject 2: embedded system design and application technology
1. embedded system development process
1. 1 Methods and steps of system requirements analysis
1.2 system design
System hardware configuration
Distribution of system function composition
Distribution of software and hardware functions
Feasibility verification and design review
system specifications
Estimation of cycle, cost and workload
Development plan
1.3 co-design of software and hardware
Hardware design of 1.4
1.5 software design
software structure
Design review
Software detailed design
1.6 system test
testing environment
Test plan (content, method, standard, process, inspection)
hardware test
Software testing (unit testing, integration testing)
Joint test of software and hardware
Implement the test
1.7 system evaluation
1.8 Software maintenance
2. Hardware design of embedded system
2. 1 Basic hardware structure of embedded system
2. 1. 1 embedded microprocessor structure and application
2. 1.2 exception and interrupt handling technology
2. 1.3 DMA technology
2. 1.4 multiprocessing system
Characteristics of multiprocessor systems
Multi-processor system construction technology
2. 1.5 bus architecture
Bus configuration in application system
2. 1.6 memory type and architecture
Interface design of storage system
2. 1.7 digital circuit and logic circuit
asic
Programmable logic control equipment
2.2 Design of Input/Output Interface
2.2. 1 input/output interface
Interface signal level conversion
Design of Interface Driving Circuit
2.2.2 Application Technology of Input/Output Interface
ancillary equipment
serial communication
Parallel port communication
Analog interface
Communication interface equipment
Communication standards and protocols
Data transmission mode
2.3 peripheral interface application technology
2.3. 1 peripheral storage devices
Memory card, memory stick, IC card, MMC card, SD card
DVD、CD-R、CD-RW
2.3.2 Peripheral input/output devices
Keyboard, mouse, touch screen
LCD panel, LED, 7-segment digital tube, buzzer
2.3.3 Power supply design technology
2.4 Reliability and safety design technology
2.4. 1 error detection and isolation technology
Redundancy design
2.4.3 System recovery design
diagnostic techniques
General safety standard
2.4.6 Anti-interference design
Electromagnetic compatibility design
2.4.8 system encryption
3. Software design of embedded system
3. 1 Software Structure Design of Embedded System
3.2 embedded operating system application technology
3.2. 1 time management
System time
clock interrupt
memory management
Static memory management
Dynamic storage management
3.2.3 Task management and communication between tasks
Communication mechanism between tasks
flag signal
postbox
Information queuing
exception handling
Exception handling method
Interrupt priority processing method
system call
3.2.5 Application Technology of Embedded File System
3.2.6 Application Technology of Graphical User Interface in Embedded System
3.2.7 Application Technology of Embedded System Database
3.3 Embedded software design technology
3.3. 1 assembly language design
data type
Assembly language program structure
Programming and Optimization of Assembly Language
Subroutine call
3.3.2 Embedded C Language Design
Data type of ANSI-C
C program structure
C language programming and optimization
Compilation and linking of programs
3.3.3 Object-oriented Program Design and Development
Object-oriented analysis and design method
Object-oriented programming language
Developing Embedded System with C++
Developing embedded system with Java
3.4 System-level software design technology
Embedded system firmware and system initialization design
Device driver design
Hardware abstraction layer and board-level support package design
Embedded software porting technology
4. Embedded system development technology
4. 1 system development environment
4. 1. 1 development tool
editplus
Assembler, compiler and linker
Ice and ice monitor
Configuration management tool
Reverse engineering tool
4. 1.2 platform
operating system
Distributed development environment
4. 1.3 creation method and evaluation of development environment
Development work analysis
Establishment of development environment
Methods of maintaining, managing and using development environment
Plane survey of development environment
4.2 Real-time system analysis technology
4.2. 1 Real-time system analysis technology
Structured method
Object-oriented analysis
4.2.2 Design technology of real-time system
Structured method
Object-oriented analysis
4.3 Hardware design environment
hardware description language
Hardware development and design process
Types and characteristics of hardware description languages
4.3.2 Simulation technology
Logical simulation method
Logical simulation tool
4.3.3 Development method of large-scale integrated circuit system
ASIC development method
FPGA design method
intellectual property
4.4 Collaborative Design
Hardware and software tasks and debugging
Design review
4.5 Low power design technology of embedded system
Working mechanism of low power consumption system
Low power consumption system model structure
Low Power Hardware Design Technology
Low Power Software Design Technology
4.6 Design of Distributed Embedded System
Design principles of distributed systems
Communication technology of distributed system
Design and Application of Distributed System
5. Embedded system application
5. 1 Application of embedded system in control field
5.2 Application of Embedded System in Handheld Devices
5.3 Application of Embedded System in Pattern Recognition
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