External environment of bankruptcy tide
At present, the main problem of the hardware industry in the Pearl River Delta is the serious decline in exports. At the Guangzhou Spring Fair held not long ago, many participating hardware enterprises were faced with the following situations: the turnover in European and American markets dropped sharply, and emerging markets were relatively active. European and American buyers have increased, but most of them are in a wait-and-see state, and the actual transactions have decreased by 19% and 24% respectively. Demand in Japan was released after the earthquake, and the number of buyers and transaction volume increased by 29% and 28% respectively. Transactions in emerging economies such as India, Russia and Brazil increased by 9%, and transactions in potential markets such as Africa, Asia and Latin America increased by 39%.
The traditional export market of European and American hardware enterprises has declined seriously, coupled with the sharp increase in the cost of domestic production factors and the expectation of RMB appreciation, hardware enterprises dare not take long orders. The rise of emerging markets such as Africa, Asia and Latin America also has a process of adaptation, and it is difficult to make up for the sales gap between Europe and the United States. Therefore, because the traditional export markets in Europe and America have shrunk severely, it is even worse for hardware enterprises that rely heavily on exports. Due to the sharp increase in labor costs this year and the continuous appreciation of RMB, the profits of hardware enterprises have been declining, reaching a low profit level, and there has been a wave of bankruptcy.
Internal causes of bankruptcy tide
Due to geographical reasons, most small and medium-sized hardware enterprises in the Pearl River Delta region belong to export-oriented processing enterprises. They rely on cheap labor to OEM foreign investors to produce hardware products. They have no brand, no innovation and no bargaining power. They only earn a meager processing fee, and generally only make a profit of 5%. Now, due to the sharp rise in labor costs, the RMB continues to appreciate, and the profit is only 2%.
With the accumulation of national wealth and the prosperity of people's lives, the cost of living is rising and the demographic dividend is gradually disappearing. Nowadays, most young people born after 1980s and 1990s are unwilling to engage in such hard, tiring and low-paid jobs in the hardware industry. No one wants to do the low salary and welfare, but it is too high and can't afford it, which leads to a serious shortage of recruitment in many hardware enterprises, and various internal reasons lead to the survival difficulties of domestic small and medium-sized hardware enterprises. Survival of the fittest, inadaptability will inevitably be eliminated.
Experts and industry insiders say they want to transform, not change careers.
The deterioration of the external environment and the troubles of internal problems make the survival and development of domestic small and medium-sized enterprises such as hardware extremely difficult. Considering the plight of the real economy and the crisis of small and medium-sized enterprises, the state has adjusted its financial and tax policies to help small and medium-sized enterprises tide over the difficulties.
First, China's two-pronged market warming policy.
201101012 the State Council made policy support for the current plight of small and medium-sized enterprises and decided to adopt financial and fiscal measures to save them. So, in the case of almost total collapse, can financial and financial support really stop the downward trend of the industry? Can small and medium-sized hardware enterprises take this opportunity to follow the trend, highlight the tight encirclement and win vitality? If these policies can really melt the ice of industry development, that is something worth looking forward to, and spring may not be far away.
Second, group financing, small and medium-sized hardware enterprises may break the ice 2011August 17, the Ministry of Commerce and the China Banking Regulatory Commission jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on Supporting the Development of Joint Financing in Business Circle, aiming at encouraging small and medium-sized enterprises to group financing with banks or guarantee institutions. The Opinions put forward specific measures to improve the financing service environment of business circle from eight aspects: studying and formulating local support policies, increasing financial support, establishing credit files of business entities in business circle, improving the comprehensive management level of business entities, and enhancing the overall risk prevention and control ability of business circle. "Opinions" undoubtedly provides development opportunities for small and medium-sized hardware enterprises in crisis, just like a ray of sunshine in the cold winter brings a ray of light to enterprises in the dark. Small and medium-sized hardware enterprises may take the opportunity to break the ice, gather financing, overcome difficulties and win development vitality.
Third, stick to the road of branding. Most small and medium-sized hardware enterprises in the Pearl River Delta rely on exports, but now they are facing difficulties due to the deterioration of the export environment. And some hardware enterprises have long insisted on brand building, product innovation and marketing network construction, and now they have become well-known domestic enterprises. For example, Dongtai, Taiming, Xinghui, Jinjin, Mingmen, Huitailong, Yajie, Skye, etc., a large number of hardware enterprises in the Pearl River Delta can still maintain steady and rising performance under the unsatisfactory environment.
Hardware enterprises should first change themselves, strengthen themselves, gradually build their own brands and have their own core competitiveness. With a brand, there is added value and bargaining power. The power of brand is the most powerful weapon to avoid price war. However, the creation of a brand is not achieved overnight, which requires enterprises to persist in brand packaging, advertising, product research and development innovation, dealer network construction and maintenance for ten years, which requires hardware enterprises to invest a lot of manpower and material resources. In a word, it is very difficult for hardware enterprises to become brands, which requires long-term investment over time. Without long-term efforts, it is difficult to work in a short time.
Fourth, enterprises should study transformation and upgrading and channel sinking. In the harsh winter of this year and a half, enterprises should seize the opportunity to study transformation and upgrading and channel sinking, and never change careers. Experts warn entrepreneurs in the hardware industry to build confidence. At present, the difficulties faced by the industry are only temporary. After a year and a half of reshuffle, the market will recover. For hardware enterprises, under the current market conditions, firstly, the current market is a segmented market. Hardware enterprises must find a certain point, concentrate on research and development, do a good job in product quality and launch new products. Products must be innovative, distinctive and best in a certain category. Then increase marketing efforts to achieve sustained breakthroughs in participation, advertising, marketing team and so on. And achieve well-known brands in the market segment.
For example, the building materials industry can specialize in cabinets, furniture, doors and windows, wardrobes and so on. For example, Jin Renren specializes in making cabinet handles and high-grade and high-quality hardware handles, becoming a well-known brand in the cabinet industry and a quality supplier of high-end cabinets in China; Guandong Hardware specializes in wardrobe hardware and has become a well-known brand of wardrobe hardware in a short time. Therefore, it is the way out for hardware enterprises to be innovative and insist on technological innovation, product innovation and marketing innovation. The second is to increase investment in second-and third-tier cities, radiate the fourth-tier markets such as county towns, and do a good job in sinking channels. For example, the famous lock industry vigorously develops dealers. At present, there are nearly 1000 dealers in China, many of whom are in second-and third-tier cities. At present, due to the sharp decline in the transaction volume of the property market, the sales of building materials and hardware in first-tier cities have fallen sharply. However, because most of the specialty stores opened by dealers are in second-and third-tier cities, it has little impact on the lock industry, and the sales of many specialty stores have increased.
The National Bureau of Statistics, the Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance promulgated new classification standards for small and medium-sized enterprises, which made the management of small and medium-sized hardware enterprises more scientific and standardized and strengthened the classification guidance for small and medium-sized enterprises. Among them, the norms of micro-enterprises have been increased, which laid the foundation for further strengthening the hardware support for small and micro-enterprises, and tilted various support policies to more vulnerable enterprise groups.
Raw materials generally rose. First, the interest in production is rising too fast. The prices of crude oil, cotton and iron ore are at a high level; Labor interests are rising too fast, and the problems of difficulty and shortage of labor are very prominent. The wages of employees in coastal areas such as the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta have generally increased. The above two "interest rises too fast" have squeezed the profit space of enterprises.
First, corporate fees are still on the high side. Second, the burden on enterprises is still heavy. Illegal and illegal charges still exist, for example, some places use arbitrary charges to alleviate financial difficulties, some departments use their powers to charge for departmental interests, and some grassroots law enforcement officers charge for personal interests.
In order to consolidate the results of coping with the financial crisis, the third time began last year. China implemented a prudent monetary policy. This year, it raised the bank reserve ratio 12 times in a row and lowered the bank interest rate twice in a row. The reduction of credit scale makes it more difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises, especially small and micro enterprises, to raise funds. According to statistics, bank credit basically covers large enterprises and 80% medium-sized enterprises, while 80% of small enterprises below the scale have not obtained bank credit. A large number of small and medium-sized enterprises have solved their urgent needs through private lending. The loan interest rate is as high as 50%- 100%, and the financing interest rate remains high. At present, China's current financial system is difficult to solve the "bottleneck" problem of small enterprises with few financing channels, small scale and high interest rate.
Fourth, most SMEs are at the low end of the radical industrial value chain. Low equipment level, lack of professional talents, lack of independent intellectual property rights and brands, mainly relying on "low cost, low price and low profit" to participate in the competition, it is difficult to digest the rising factors of business interests in time and adapt to the realistic requirements of changing the development mode and adjusting and optimizing the economic structure. At the same time, relevant departments have also taken active and effective measures to increase support for small and medium-sized enterprises.
Reduce the burden on enterprises. In 20 12, the central government will arrange all kinds of special funds totaling123.5 billion yuan. First, increase fiscal and taxation support. Year-on-year growth 13.4%. Focus on supporting small and medium-sized enterprises in technological progress, technological transformation, energy conservation and emission reduction, financing guarantee, and providing public services for small and medium-sized enterprises. Corporate income tax will be levied by half on small and meager profit enterprises with annual taxable income of 30,000 yuan or less. The implementation of the policy of "five delays, four reductions and three subsidies" helps enterprises to stabilize their posts, and in 20 12, it will reduce the burden and increase subsidies for enterprises by about 33 billion yuan.
Relieve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. Under the sound monetary policy environment, the financial sector should improve its financial services. Strengthen the financial services of small and medium-sized enterprises, implement differentiated supervision over the financial services of small and medium-sized enterprises, relax the conditions for writing off bad debts of small and medium-sized enterprises, allow financial institutions to withdraw loan loss reserves for small and medium-sized enterprises, and deduct loan losses before tax. We have increased credit to small and medium-sized enterprises that meet the national industrial and environmental policies. Vigorously promote the development of small and medium-sized financial institutions such as village banks and small loan companies, accelerate the cultivation of credit guarantee institutions, and increase financial subsidies and tax relief policy support.
Improve quality of enterprise. Promote the rapid development of institutions that provide vocational training, management consulting, credit evaluation, vocational guidance, quality inspection and technology research and development for small and medium-sized enterprises. The third is to improve the service system by implementing the national Galaxy training project for small and medium-sized enterprises and the Blue Certificate training project for township enterprises. In 20 10, more than 20 million workers participated in various vocational trainings subsidized by the government.
Accelerate structural adjustment and industrial upgrading. Vigorously implement the informatization promotion project of small and medium-sized enterprises and the intellectual property strategy promotion project of small and medium-sized enterprises. Among the special funds for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, the special funds for technological transformation of small and medium-sized industrial enterprises and the innovation funds for scientific and technological small and medium-sized enterprises, the fourth is to strengthen technological innovation. Support technological progress, technological transformation and innovation, and promote the industrial optimization and upgrading of small and medium-sized enterprises. With the support of international market development fund, import tax rebate, preferential import credit and safe import credit, the scale and quality of small and medium-sized enterprises' foreign imports have also been steadily improved.