In summer (June-August in the solar calendar), the temperature is generally between 26 and 28 degrees Celsius, and the incidence of fish is slightly less than that in spring. At this time, the fish species gradually grow up and their disease resistance is enhanced. Therefore, the fish diseases of ciliates and flagellates are gradually decreasing. In addition, according to the investigation, there are still microbial fish diseases in spring and summer, such as gill rot, hemorrhagic disease, erythroderma, enteritis, printing disease and so on. At this time, it is more common for parasites to have anchor head disease. In midsummer, high-yield ponds are often prone to flooding.
In autumn (Gregorian calendar 9- 10), the temperature drops gradually, generally between 23- 15 degrees Celsius, and the water temperature environment is basically similar to that in spring, especially in August-September, which is the season with high incidence of fish diseases-"Bailuxin". Summer flower fish mainly suffer from fish diseases such as rotifer, melon worm, giant salamander, trematode and fish lice.
In winter (Gregorian calendar1February-February), the temperature is low, generally between 3-6 degrees Celsius, and fish diseases rarely occur. Winter is the stocking period of fish species, and fish bodies are often scratched by pulling nets or transportation, and water mold can also occur; When the water temperature is high, it is possible to produce flagellates and cucurbits. When the water temperature of the overwintering fish is lower than 10℃, the temperature difference between the indoor air temperature and the water temperature is too large, which causes the fish to be frostbitten when floating due to lack of oxygen.
At present, with the change of temperature in spring, summer, autumn and winter, there are 12 kinds of common fish diseases, among which there are 7 kinds of parasitic diseases: trypanosomiasis, cucurbitaceae, giant salamander, anchovy, ichthyosis, silver carp iodosporosis and China herring disease; There are five kinds of microbial diseases: hemorrhagic disease (erythroderma), enteritis, gill rot, printing disease and water mold. As the saying goes, "fish farming is not bad, but it is dizzy with wealth." In fish farming, once fish diseases occur, the growth and development of fish will be affected, and some fish will die in severe cases. Therefore, we must attach importance to the prevention and treatment of fish diseases and actively implement the policy of "early prevention without disease and early treatment with disease"
The head of the female anchovy enters the muscle of the host, causing tissue damage, inflammation and ulcer. Sick fish are restless, lose appetite, lose weight and swim slowly. 6- 10 cm fish can be deformed and out of balance. Protozoa, algae and mold are often attached to worms exposed to fish. When seriously infected, the fish seems to be covered with hemp fibers, which increases the burden on the fish and affects the activity ability of the sick fish. When there are a lot of parasites in the fish's mouth, the sick fish can't close its mouth and die without eating. Fish with small scales, such as silver carp and bighead carp, have swollen and inflamed surrounding tissues due to the parasitism of anchovies, thus forming pomegranate erythema on the skin. When anchovies parasitize fish with large scales, such as grass carp, the lodicule in the parasitic part "eats" into a gap, and the scale is pale, and bloodshot erythema also appears in the parasitic part, but the swelling is generally not obvious.
Check the fish before stocking. If anchovies are found to have parasites, remove them first, and then soak them in potassium permanganate before stocking.
[treatment method]
Visible to the naked eye, you can take it out with tweezers, and then apply mercuric chloride to the wound locally! (
Fish louse is a parasitic crustacean, which feeds on goldfish most of the time, and only larvae and adults flow into the water when spawning. There are two suckers on the ventral surface of the fish louse, which are used to adsorb on the goldfish. The needle-shaped mouth is used to pierce the fish and suck blood, which makes the bleeding in the affected area turn red, so it is easy to be infected by bacteria. Unless goldfish are attacked by a large number of fish lice, it is not easy to die of this disease. Organophosphorus insecticide is a specific medicine for fish lice, but it is also harmful to goldfish. The best way is to pull out the fish lice one by one with sharp pliers, or treat them with trichlorfon, Salad fish pond insecticide, American insecticide, American trematode, king whale parasite insecticide, AZ00 ectoparasite insecticide, etc.
Check the fish before stocking.
Bacterial tail rot and fin rot: Tail rot and fin rot caused by bacteria are highly contagious, starting with fins and then rotting to death. This fin rot has two symptoms. The first one starts from the edge of the fin and then extends inward. The second one starts from the central part of the fin and spreads in all directions. The affected area turned white and finally fell off. After fish are transported or laid eggs, their body resistance will be weakened, and they are most vulnerable to this disease at this time. Once a sick fish is found, it must be isolated immediately and treated with antibiotics or yellow. When the symptoms of fin rot gradually appear, the treatment method is to replace part of the tank water, clean the filter and add a little salt to the tank, and stop feeding for a few days. The function of salt therapy is to increase the proportion of water, change the osmotic pressure in water, and kill bacteria and other pathogens through the change of osmotic effect.
Water mold is also called white disease. Due to careless operation and high stocking density, fish are prone to water mold in overwintering fish ponds. Its pathogenic bacteria are myxomycetes and myxomycetes, and their hyphae are slender and branched. One end of them is attached to the fish skin like a root, and the rest are exposed. The mycelium is 3 cm long, grayish white and soft as cotton wool. At the early stage of the disease, the mucus on the surface of the diseased fish increased, forming a layer of white cocoon. In the late stage of the disease, hyphae penetrate deep into the skin on the body surface, and the mortality rate is very high.
[Control Method]
You can choose malachite green or methylene blue O.03, dissolve it in 10kg water, soak it in sick fish for 3-5 minutes, rinse it with clear water and put it in a fish tank. Only repeated medication can cure it.
Perforation: The characteristic pathological changes of sick fish are mainly manifested in the body surface of sick fish, which is manifested from the initial erythema to the later skin and muscle necrosis and ulceration, forming ulcers and perforations. Can occur in the chest, abdomen and tail sides, back of the head, fin roots and so on. , especially on both sides of the body. A sick fish has as few as 1-2 lesions and as many as 7-8 lesions. At first, erythema the size of soybeans appeared on the body surface. This erythema is gradually expanding, the skin at the erythema is red and swollen, the scales are loose, and the base is congested. Then the epidermis erodes, scales fall off, exposing the congested and bleeding dermis, and then the dermis is necrotic and ulcerated to expose the muscles, leaving a pit ulcer focus after the muscles fester. Ulcers vary in size and depth, ranging from 0.2-0.3×0.2-0.5 cm to 2-5× 2-6 cm. The depth of superficial ulcer is only about 0. 1 cm, and the depth can reach 0.6 cm. Due to the different degrees of necrosis of ulcer focus tissue, the ulcer surface is uneven. The ulcer is round, oval or irregular in shape, with irregular edges, irregular bleeding areas in the focus, and some old ulcer focuses are parasitized by water mold. The tissue around the ulcer is congested, red, swollen and scaly. The ulcer that has been formed eventually develops into perforation, and the muscles are completely necrotic and rotten, penetrating the body wall, forming perforation, exposing the body cavity and internal organs, and water rapidly pours into the body cavity, leading to the death of sick fish. Perforations are mostly circular, with small perforation diameters of 1 ~ 2 cm and large perforation diameters of 2 ~ 4 cm. Generally, there is only one perforation on a tail fish, and the remaining bone spurs can be seen at the perforation. The tail ulcer festers to expose the bone. Some sick fish can see exophthalmos. In cases with severe body surface changes, the viscera such as liver, spleen and kidney are congested, swollen and fragile, and more mucus is attached to gill filaments and intestinal mucosa.
[Control Method]
1. When the fish enters the box or tang qian, soak it in 10ppm bleaching powder or 20ppm potassium permanganate for10-15min to disinfect the fish.
2. Avoid damaging the fish during operation.
Soaking drugs:
(1) salt: add 1.5 kg salt to every 50 kg water and soak for 5 minutes.
(2) Potassium permanganate: 20ppm immersion 10- 15 minutes.
(3) Furazolidone: 0.3g per cubic meter of water, soaking for 1-2 hours.
Applied medicine:
(1) Apply tetracycline or chlortetracycline anti-inflammatory ointment to the affected parts of fish.
(2) Mix furacilin or furazolidone with vaseline and apply it to the affected part of the fish.
Spinal curvature of young fish is often caused by parasites or genetic defects in the body (or drug poisoning, such as excessive dosage of trichlorfon), while for big fish, the main reason is nervous system damage.
White spot disease, also known as gourd disease, is caused by a kind of ciliate called gourd. Its body is spherical or oval, with short and evenly distributed hands on the surface and a horseshoe-shaped nucleus in the center of the body. Blisters on sick fish are caused by a large number of dense parasites of these melons. This kind of goldfish and tropical fish are common and frequently-occurring diseases. In the later stage of the disease, the surface of the fish will be covered with a white film, and the surface mucus will increase, the color will be dim, the luster will decrease, the weight will be reduced, the swimming will be slow, and the spirit will be sluggish. Sometimes it will float on the water, sometimes it will gather in a corner of the fish container and rarely move, and eventually a large number of people will die.
[treatment method]
Sick fish can be soaked in a solution containing 50 mg of nitrofurazone 1 tablet per kilogram of water 1 week; Or soak in110000 ~ 3/100000 mercurous acetate solution for 30 minutes, or raise the temperature slightly. All the water in the original fish tank should be replaced.
Branchial diseases
Suffering from gill rot is mostly caused by parasite or bacterial infection, so there are two kinds of parasitic gill rot and bacterial gill rot.
(1) parasitic gill rot: Its pathogen is dactylophora or rotifer. The two are infected with each other, the gills are obviously swollen, and the gill cover is difficult to open. In severe cases, the gill filaments partially fester, exposing the gill cartilage, making it difficult for the fish to breathe and eventually dying. Control method: 0.5-0.8g of crystal trichlorfon can be selected, put into 10kg water and soaked in sick fish 10- 15min. Alternatively, 0.2g of crystal trichlorfon, 0.2g of copper sulfate and 0.2g of iron sulfite are mixed, and then put into 10kg of water to soak the sick fish10-15min. Or choose 0.2-0.3g of crystal trichlorfon, dissolve it in water, sprinkle it in 1 ton feed water, and use it 1-2 times a week, which can effectively kill parasites in water.
(2) Bacterial gill rot: The pathogen is Myxomycetes, and the gill filaments of diseased fish are seriously bleeding, and the gill filaments are white, and when they are serious, flocculent hyphae are attached, and the mortality rate is extremely high. Control method: 50 grams of salt and 50 grams of baking soda can be mixed and put into 10 kg of water, and the sick fish can be soaked in 15-20 minutes. You can also choose 0.7 g malachite green and soak the sick fish in 100 g water 15-30 minutes.
(3) Myxosporidia gill rot: Its pathogen is Myxosporidia, and many gray spots or cysts will appear in gill filaments, which will damage fish gills from small to large. Once the cyst is broken, countless sporozoites will enter the feed water and re-invade the gills of healthy fish, and the gill filaments will lose blood, resulting in a large number of deaths. Gill rot caused by Myxosporidia is rare. Prevention and control method: Select the juice soaked in the bark of three-year-old Pterocarya stenoptera, absorb appropriate amount, put it in 10kg water, soak the sick fish for 5- 10 minutes, and take it repeatedly to get the effect. You can also choose 150g ammonia water, put it in 10kg water, and soak the sick fish for 5 5- 10/0min, which will take effect after repeated use.
(4) Myxococcal gill rot: Its pathogen is Myxococcus. The gill filaments of the diseased fish fester with more white mucus. In severe cases, gill filaments are corroded into pores and cartilage is exposed, resulting in high mortality. Control method: You can choose1-2g of furazolidone, dissolve it in10kg of water, and soak the sick fish15-20min. You can also choose high-concentration salt solution to soak sick fish 15-20 minutes. You can also choose 0.05g chloramphenicol and 0.2g nitrofuracilin with the concentration of 1 1.5%, and put them into 10 kg water, and the effect is good after repeated use.
Spring is the season when fish diseases occur frequently. In order to facilitate the identification and prevention of fish friends, the above Word document simply lists common fish diseases, commonly used drugs and precautions.
1, furacilin (C6H6O4N4)
Furacillin is also called furacin. It is lemon yellow crystalline powder, odorless, bitter in taste and slightly soluble in water. It has a strong killing effect on gram-negative bacteria, and bacteria have no resistance to this drug, so it is a common drug for treating bacterial diseases.
2. Copper sulfate (copper sulfate *5H2O)
Copper sulfate, also known as blue alum and bile alum, contains five molecules of crystal water and is a transparent dark blue crystal or powder. When it loses moisture in the air, it turns white, and then turns blue after absorbing moisture. If it is too wet, it can deliquesce, but it does not affect the efficacy. Copper sulfate is easily soluble in water, and its aqueous solution is weakly acidic, which has astringent effect and strong ability to kill pathogens. Its bactericidal ability is often affected by various factors in water, so the dosage should be flexibly controlled according to the specific situation. It is generally believed that the more organic matter in the pond water, the lower the water temperature and the higher the PH value, the less toxic and the greater the safe concentration of copper sulfate, while the higher the water temperature, the lower the PH value and the less organic matter, the greater the toxicity and the smaller the safe concentration of copper sulfate.
Copper sulfate can kill a variety of protozoa and fleas parasitic on fish, and it is a commonly used external medicine. However, due to the residual poison (copper can remain in gill, muscle, liver and kidney tissues of fish) and affect the feeding and growth of fish, it can not be used often. In addition, the safe concentration range of copper sulfate is small, so it is necessary to accurately measure the water body when using it. The temperature of water in which copper sulfate is dissolved should not exceed 60℃, otherwise it is easy to fail.
3. Ferrous sulfate (ferrous sulfate *7H2O)
Also known as copperas and ferrites, it contains seven crystalline water molecules. Transparent, light green crystal or powder, odorless, astringent, easily weathered in dry air. It is easy to oxidize and hydrolyze in humid air to produce yellow-brown insoluble basic ferric sulfate, which has no medicinal value. Therefore, it should be sealed against moisture.
As an auxiliary drug, ferrous sulfate has astringent effect. Mainly for drugs such as copper sulfate to kill parasites and remove obstacles.
4. Trichlorfon
The chemical name of the drug is 0,0-dimethyl (2,2,2-trichloro-1- hydroxyethyl) phosphate, which is an organophosphorus pesticide with high efficiency and low toxicity and is widely used in agriculture, animal husbandry and health fields. It is more soluble in water. It is stable under acidic conditions and can be quickly decomposed into dichlorvos with greater toxicity under alkaline conditions, and will continue to decompose until it has no killing activity.
Trichlorfon powder can be used to prevent and treat fish diseases. The effective components are 2.5%, 4%, 25%, 50%, and 90% crystals are commonly used.
Trichlorfon is a highly effective pesticide with low toxicity, low residue and short residue time. The mechanism is that organophosphorus controls the binding of cholinesterase transmitted by normal nerve impulses, inhibits the activity of cholinesterase and loses the ability to decompose acetylcholine. Because acetylcholine accumulates in nerve cells, nerve transmission function stops, leading to poisoning death of insects, crustaceans and so on. In the prevention and treatment of fish diseases, trichlorfon is widely used to prevent and control fish diseases caused by crustaceans and parasitic helminthiasis in fish in vitro and intestine.
This product is purple-black slender crystal, opaque, with blue metallic luster, odorless and easily soluble in water. As a strong oxidant, it releases oxygen when it meets organic matter, which oxidizes the organic matter, so it has strong bactericidal power and is reduced to manganese dioxide itself. Manganese dioxide can combine with protein to form protein salt complex, so it has astringent effect at low concentration and stimulating and corrosive effect at high concentration. In the prevention and treatment of fish diseases, it is used to prevent and treat the third generation filariasis, dactylosis and anchovy disease.
6. Sodium chloride (NACL)
Which is salt. The prevention and treatment of fish diseases is to kill some ectoparasites, such as protozoa and microorganisms, by osmosis.
7. Copper chloride
Powder blue is soluble in water, and its chemical properties are less affected by organic matter than copper sulfate. It is used for killing spinal snails and preventing trematodes and blood trematodes. The dosage should be calculated accurately, and a slight excess may lead to fish poisoning and death.
8. Peacock Green (C23H25N2CL)
Also known as malachite green and benzaldehyde green, it is emerald green and shiny crystal, belonging to triphenylmethane dye.
Malachite green is a kind of medicinal dye with strong antibacterial effect, which is easily soluble in water. In the prevention and control of fish diseases, it is used to prevent and control water mold and melon disease, and the effect is good.
Malachite green is a photosensitive drug, and its toxicity can increase with the increase of light intensity, so it should be noted that it is not suitable for use when the sun is strong during the day. At the same time, the PH value of the pool water above 9 can not achieve the desired effect. Do not contact with zinc or tinplate utensils to avoid acute poisoning of fish caused by zinc dissolution. Malachite green can't stick to people's skin, let alone their mouths.
Malachite green can cause mild inflammation of fish gill and skin epithelial cells; The renal cavity is slightly dilated, and the nuclei of renal tubular wall cells are also enlarged; More importantly, it affects the enzymes in the intestine of fish, reduces the secretion of enzymes, thus affecting the feeding and growth of fish, so it can not be used often.
Short for SD. It is white or yellowish crystalline powder, odorless and tasteless, insoluble in water, stable in air, and gradually darkens when exposed to sunlight. Should be sealed and stored in a light-proof container. For internal medicine, the absorption is complete, the body excretes slowly, the effective concentration can be maintained for a long time, and the side effects and toxicity are small. Can be used for treating enteritis and erythroderma in the prevention and treatment of fish diseases.
10, furazolidone
Also known as furazolidone, it is yellow crystal, tasteless and extremely difficult to dissolve in water. It has broad-spectrum antibacterial effect and anti-insect effect. Low drug resistance, low toxicity and no side effects. It is mainly used to treat intestinal infection, and can be sprayed all over the pool to prevent and treat baldheaded mouth disease and gill rot.
1 1, chlortetracycline hydrochloride
Golden yellow crystalline powder, odorless and bitter. It is stable in air, easy to deteriorate when exposed to light, and quickly fails in alkaline solution. Should not be in contact with metal, should be refrigerated. Broad antibacterial spectrum, its main function is bacteriostasis, and it has bactericidal effect at high concentration. Individuals can develop drug resistance, but it is generally not high. In the prevention and treatment of fish diseases, it is used to prevent white skin disease and rotten skin disease.
12, oxytetracycline hydrochloride
Also known as desmycin hydrochloride. Yellow crystalline powder, odorless, bitter in taste, stable in nature, soluble in water, and ineffective when decomposed under alkaline conditions. The antibacterial spectrum is similar to chlortetracycline hydrochloride, with low toxicity and drug resistance, but it is very slow. It is the same as chlortetracycline hydrochloride in the prevention and treatment of fish diseases.
13, penicillin
Also known as penicillin. Penicillin salt is light yellow powder, which is easily soluble in water. Extremely unstable, it can decompose quickly when exposed to heat, light or acid and alkali. So pay attention to the expiration date.
Penicillin's antibacterial spectrum is not as extensive as sulfonamides, and it has strict selectivity for bacterial action. It mainly acts on gram-positive bacteria and some gram-negative bacteria. It has bacteriostatic effect at low concentration and bactericidal effect at high concentration. In the prevention and treatment of fish diseases, it is mainly used to splash the parent fish into the water during transportation to prevent the water quality from deteriorating during transportation, and intramuscular injection of the parent fish after delivery can prevent bacterial infection.
14, erythromycin
This product is light yellow crystalline powder, odorless and bitter. It absorbs moisture in air and is insoluble in water. Erythromycin is alkaline, and its solubility in water is greatly increased after it is combined with organic acids to form salts. This product is stable in dry state and easy to fail in aqueous solution. When it is unstable in acid, the drug effect is obviously reduced below PH 4. The aqueous solution should be stored in cold storage, and it will gradually become ineffective at room temperature.
Erythromycin has a stronger effect on Gram-positive bacteria than negative bacteria, and bacteria quickly develop drug resistance to this product, but it is not lasting, and the sensitivity can still be restored after stopping taking the drug for 3-6 months. In the prevention and treatment of fish diseases, white mouth disease and gill rot can be prevented and treated.
Furuncle: one or several pustules similar to human furuncle are produced on the local tissue of fish trunk. The location of the disease is uncertain, usually on both sides near the base of fish dorsal fin.
Typical symptoms are: infection focus is formed in subcutaneous muscle. With the increase of bacterial reproduction and the development of the disease, muscle tissue dissolves, bleeds, exudes body fluids, cells are free, and are full of pus, blood cells and a large number of bacteria. The affected part becomes soft and protrudes outward. I feel soft and swollen when I touch it with my hands. The swollen skin is congested first, then bleeding, then necrosis and ulceration, forming a crater-like ulcer. After the incision of the affected area, the muscle dissolved and was gray-yellow, turbid or curd-like.
Histopathological sections showed that the affected dermis was swollen, degenerated, congested and bleeding, but it was not necrotic. The skeletal muscle fibers in the center of the lesion were completely disintegrated, in which a large number of bacilli, pus and a small number of necrotic and disintegrated inflammatory cells could be seen. The boundary between the lesion and the surrounding normal tissues is unclear, bacteria spread in the tissue, a large number of inflammatory cells spread into the stroma, and purulent exudate spread along the loose stroma, which is subchronic purulent inflammation in exudative inflammation, that is, cellulitis.
[Diagnosis] According to symptoms, pathological changes and epidemic situation, a diagnosis can be made. Some myxosporidia are parasitic in muscles, which can also cause body surface swelling, and the affected muscles lose elasticity, soften and congestion (for example, iodine-soaked worms of crucian carp are parasitic in the dorsal muscles behind the head of crucian carp). In order to distinguish the two, we must examine the pills in the center of the lesion with a microscope. The former can see a large number of Bacillus without Myxosporidia parasitism, while the latter is the opposite.
Prevention and control methods:
1, thoroughly clean and disinfect the pond;
2. Hang the basket with bleaching powder;
3. Sprinkle the pool with 1 mg/L bleaching powder;
4. Feed the fish with sulfathiazole. For every 50 kilograms of fish, the dose of 1 day is 5 grams, and the dose is halved on the second to sixth days. Mix the medicine with flour and feed for 6 days.
5. Mix 5 grams of furazolidone every 100 kg of fish every day and feed it twice in the morning and evening for 15-20 days;
6. Every 100kg fish is mixed with 5-7g oxytetracycline hydrochloride every day and fed twice in the morning and evening for10 day.
Pine wood nematode disease:
【 Symptoms 】 The symptoms of the diseased fish are rough body surface, and most of the scales at the tail extend outward in a pine cone shape, while the scales at the base of the scales swell and accumulate translucent or bloody secretions inside, which makes the scales stand up. When a little pressure is applied to the scales, the liquid is ejected from the scales, and the scales fall off, sometimes accompanied by symptoms such as congestion at the base of the fins and the surface of the skin, exophthalmos, and abdominal swelling. The sick fish swam slowly, had difficulty breathing, rolled over, and the abdomen was upward, and died 2-3 days later. It is easy to suffer from this disease when the water quality is unclean, the light is insufficient, the water lacks oxygen, the feeding water temperature is too high, and the scales of fish are scratched. Goldfish and koi fish often get this disease, which is popular every spring. Among tropical ornamental fish, foamy spawning fish such as Percidae, Bettidae and Diptera often suffer from this disease. This disease is difficult to cure, and even after it is cured, its color and posture are not as good as before.
[Treatment] Sick fish can be bathed in tetracycline solution with the concentration of 1/50000 units 1 hour, and 3% carbon is added to% sodium chloride solution every day. Mixing bath with sodium hydroxide solution for 65438 00 minutes; Or soak and rinse with chloramphenicol solution, penicillin powder and furazolidone solution, or gentamicin solution, or dilute with 1% of the above liquid medicine to a low dose, which can be effective for several days.
Spotted subspecies
The disease is caused by Aeromonas punctata subspecies. Spotted. The thallus is short and round at both ends, most of them are connected in pairs, and a few are single. The length of the thallus is 0.7 ~ 1.7 micron, and the width is 0.6 ~ 0.7 micron. It is athletic, very flagellated and has no spores. Even staining, Gram negative.
The lesions mainly occurred in the trunk behind dorsal fin and ventral fin, followed by both sides of abdomen, and a few occurred in the front of fish. At first, a round erythema appeared on the diseased part, like a red seal on the skin of a fish, and then the skin rotted, the scales in the middle fell off, and the rotten skin collapsed and fell off, revealing white dermis. The scales around the focus were buried in the rotten skin, and the scales around them were loose, congested and inflamed, forming a clear outline. In the middle and late stage of the whole course, the bottom of the pot was formed, even the muscles rotted, exposing the bones and internal organs, and the sick fish died immediately.
[Control Method]
(1) Pay attention to the operation when cutting and transporting fish, so as not to hurt the fish; Thoroughly cleaning fish ponds with quicklime, properly adjusting stocking density when stocking, and regularly replenishing fresh water to keep the pond fresh can prevent or alleviate diseases.
(2) Every cubic meter of water is covered with bleaching powder1g..
(3) Use gallnut 10g per cubic meter of water to fill the pool.
(4) Add 0.75kg of Chili powder and10 ~15kg of water to every 67m2 of water, then boil it and sprinkle it evenly in the whole pool for 3 days.
(5) The parent fish can be injected with chlortetracycline and chloramphenicol, 5mg/kg of fish, or tetracycline, 2mg/kg of fish, and injected intramuscularly or intraperitoneally. At the same time, disinfection drugs such as potassium permanganate are applied to the focus.
Diseases such as perforation are bacterial infections, which are invisible to the naked eye and have worsened ... and may lead to sepsis. If you don't want this to happen, you should try to avoid fish injury. If you accidentally touch it, you should find and disinfect the wound as soon as possible and keep the water clean. ...
Vaccinia
[Pathogen] Herpes virus.
【 Symptoms 】 At the early stage of the disease, many white spots appeared on the body surface of the diseased fish, which were covered with a layer of white massive mucus. With the development of the disease, the number of white spots is increasing, and the area of spots is expanding, which gradually thickens the epidermis of the lesion and forms paraffin-like growth, which looks like acne, so it is called "acne disease". When the acne grows to a certain extent, it will naturally fall off, and then new acne will appear again in the original affected area, which will eventually make the fish thin and die.
【 Epidemic situation 】 It mainly harms carp, crucian carp and yarrow fish, affects the growth of fish, reduces the commodity value, and can cause the death of sick fish in late winter. The disease is prevalent in ponds, reservoirs and cages with rich water quality when the temperature is low in winter and early spring (10- 16℃). When the water temperature rises, it will gradually heal itself.
[Diagnosis] Preliminary diagnosis is made according to symptoms and epidemic situation. Diagnosis must be made by ultrathin section, and herpes virus can be observed by transmission electron microscope or isolated and cultured.
[Control Method]
1. Strengthen comprehensive preventive measures and strictly implement the quarantine system;
2. Fish insensitive to this disease should be raised in epidemic areas;
3. Increasing water temperature and proper dilution culture also have preventive effects;
4. Chloramphenicol was treated once, and 25 mg was injected into muscle of each sick fish, and 0.225x 10-6 chloramphenicol aqueous solution was used for medicinal bath at the same time, which had certain curative effect.
It should also be effective to sprinkle chloramphenicol powder directly on fish. How long does it take to soak chloramphenicol solution or penicillin powder with furazolidone solution or gentamicin solution?
Generally low concentration, about half an hour. High concentration, about ten minutes. Be flexible with yourself. ...
Bacterial infection: generally, it is caused by picking algae on the pond wall or overfishing and transportation when the water quality of the pond is poor.
Symptoms: the sick fish is black, wandering alone, moving slowly, and the epidermis at the lip end is red, swollen and eroded. In severe cases, the fins rot and there are many slime molds attached to the body surface.
Prevention and control methods: thoroughly clean and disinfect the pond with quicklime to keep the water fresh, and often disinfect and adjust the water quality with quicklime. Spray 1mg/L bleaching powder in the whole pool. Soak the sick fish in 3% salt water for 10 minute, and at the same time, mix with oxytetracycline powder, with 2g fish per 10 kg every day for three days as a course of treatment.