The right way in the world is vicissitudes-childhood memories, going it alone and others.
Because the parents who live in the city want to go back to their hometown in the countryside for a period of time when the autumn is crisp, they took the old man back a few days ago and made some preparations in advance. On the way, the family pointed to the village outside the window and talked about trivial things about the countryside and hometown. Going back and forth reminded me of some childhood memories and some thoughts on the present situation and future development of rural areas.
I was born in the early1970s. My hometown is in Yimeng Mountain area, the west and south ring mountains of the village, and there is a river in the east. There are hydropower stations on the river and trees along the river. There are about 700 people in this village, 1000 mu of flat land. The conditions in the nearby villages are good.
In my memory, there were many birds when I was a child. When the southwest fire comes in spring, friends follow older children to the ridge or the village east to catch birds with iron clips. All meals are chicken, turtledove, Kono finch and tiger chardonnay (homophonic, we children call it that, regardless of the scientific name), which is colorful and beautiful. Beautiful live birds are kept in cages, and the rest are either plucked and fried by adults, or they are too lazy to care and burned in the ash fire of pancakes. That delicious smell often made me unbearable when I was a child.
In hot summer, friends play in the river at the east end of the village all day, and fish shrimp in the river fork ditch with homemade nets, which is very enjoyable. Every August 15, several villages agree to open the floodgates to release fish, which is even more lively. The adults tied up rafts (corn, oranges, etc.). ) and prepared a basket in advance. Early in the morning, men, women and children went into battle together, and shallow people pulled nets by the river. The children were twittering in the back, touching the fish hidden in the foot nest stepped by adults, and the women followed them to pick up fish on the shore. In the deep water, fishing experts stood on the raft with their cats around their waists, searching for open fishing nets. After a while, they shouted and caught a big carp, and people looked up in that direction and laughed for a while. After a while, there groaned and said that a big fish made a big hole in the net and ran away, and several rafts came to help. The whole river, men and women, old and young, laughed, shouted, gasped and nervous, like a frying pan, so lively. At the end of the day, every family is full of baskets, and the red tail of carp is exposed. The adults smiled with satisfaction, and the children danced home after the adults in the afterglow of the sun.
During the cicada singing season, my friends and I carried long poles to the east of the village to stick cicadas. I often feel a pain in my neck and don't shout tired. Until the sticky bag can't hold, I put a few strings on it with a tree sliver, and then go home or fry or let adults chop up the sticky pancakes on it. I can't help being a little proud when I'm happy. As soon as the rainy season in early autumn arrives, a shower with strong breeze overflows the apple orchard in Xiling (Nanling and the neighboring village * * *, and the apple orchard belongs to the neighboring village). Mature, insect-bitten apples fall to the ground and run along the ditch to the children playing barefoot with umbrellas. We will pick them up and wash them or wipe them on our clothes.
I remember that the snow was very heavy in winter at that time, and sometimes there were rivers in the ditch. Now I feel that the snow all over the mountains is really a bit northern. The ice in the river is also very thick, covering the whole river like a big ice sheet. Throughout the winter, children skate and fish on homemade skateboards, which is fun and interesting.
In this way, childhood was spent in the shadows of adults who were too busy to attend to, in the familiar cries of mothers who asked their children to go home for dinner when the smoke rose, in the sound of reading in humble rural schools, and in the joy of hiding cats and dogs under the bright moon. Although the food was not good at that time, it was pancakes, green onions, sweet potatoes, small fish and shrimp, but one was full and the other two were not polluted. Besides, there are not many grand narrative memories about countryside, agriculture and country. After that, I left the countryside, went to school to work, and walked out of the countryside step by step, out of the memory of the countryside.
After taking part in the work, I am busy and seldom go back. Going back once or twice a year is also a quick glance. During this year, at first glance, the village in my childhood memory has undergone tremendous changes. Xilin ridge covered with apple trees has become a bare soil ridge; There are only semi-polluted submersibles (water depth) in rivers that are almost out of water. Occasionally, some people are filming some fish and shrimp, and some ducks are floating on it. The gate of the power station is already broken walls, and the pillars on the bridge are almost smashed, and the bridge deck is worn out. When I was a child, the flood season that almost crossed the bridge has long been an empty memory; Trees along the river have long been cut down, and most of the vegetable fields along the river have been planted with saplings because of lack of water. Three ponds in the village also dried up. In just over 20 years (except for the dirt road paved with cement in the Passepartout project, which was really convenient and easy to walk), the village path was still muddy when it rained, but the ditch in that year has become a dry field, and fruits, forests and water have disappeared like evaporation. This situation makes people feel gloomy.
Related to this, in recent years, the non-existent problem of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" has become the most important problem that puzzles the Party and * * *, and the central government has paid more and more attention to it. The No.1 document every year is aimed at the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and many experts on the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers have emerged. In order to solve the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers, Qi Xin has made concerted efforts, and the Party and * * * have indeed taken many important measures, such as exempting agricultural taxes, this subsidy, that subsidy, this preferential treatment and that policy, but the problem is still grim. Born and raised in rural areas, I can't help wondering why. In order to give some explanations from a personal point of view, I once again picked up my rural memories and tried to analyze and coordinate these memories in the macro background of the country's long-term development with the present vision.
To this end, we must start from the countryside. According to my father, the household contract responsibility system was implemented one after another from 1980, specifically from 80, mostly from 8 1 year, and in 82, it was implemented in our village. What the document says is the household contract responsibility system, and the common people call it going it alone (this was the climate at that time, and Wang Hongbin, secretary of the Party branch of Henan * * *). The trees in the lush Xiling and Nanling collective apple orchards in my hometown were looted overnight, and even the roots were dug up. Now that I think about it, I'm not just sighing. It is simply an ecological disaster in the village. At that time, most people thought that since we had to divide it sooner or later, we should grab it when someone had already started digging trees, and then check it. As a result, nothing was found, and the good apple orchard was abandoned. So as soon as I heard about the reform of forest rights, I felt that once bitten, twice shy. )
According to my father, water conservancy funds were allocated at that time, and the village used the money to build water conservancy projects. Irrigation facilities such as cement pipes, canals and irrigation stations from Dakoujing and River in the east of the village to Xiling and Nanling have been basically set up, and the farmland in the village can basically be watered. With the purchase of 65,438+0 tractors and existing seeders, it can be said that agricultural mechanization was on the road at the end of 65,438+0, plus people at that time. It is no exaggeration to say that the rural development prospects at that time were gratifying (I randomly asked some people who had experienced it during my trip, and everyone who had experienced it felt the same way). If we continue along this road, it is entirely possible to achieve the set goal of agricultural modernization in the four modernizations at the end of last century.
A gust of wind blows, the rural development path changes, and the rural collective economy collapses step by step; Water conservancy facilities are also abandoned first and then destroyed; Large-scale machinery and equipment also rusted from idleness to dismantling and selling as scrap iron. Now the grass-roots political power is scattered, the relationship between cadres and the masses is tense, the people's work stays behind, and the world is going downhill. Occasionally, I go back, leaving only ridges and dry rivers. (In this regard, Surami's netizen "institutional drought" has convincingly discussed the serious loss of water resources caused by dividing fields and doing it alone. In addition, his exposition of Korean socialism is also unique. )
The painful memories of the agricultural depression and the helpless eyes of the villagers also help us to understand the sentence "Why do I attach so much importance to the household registration index" that Chairman Mao gave to Zhang Pinghua, secretary of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee, when he returned to Jinggangshan on 1965. "The chairman said ... China is a big agricultural country. If the foundation of rural ownership changes, China's industrial base serving the collective economy will be shaken. Who is the industrial product sold to? ”！ Industrial public ownership will change one day. Polarization is very fast. Imperialism has been predatory in the big market of China since the first day of its existence. Today, they have advantages in all fields. How can we protect the interests of ordinary people, workers and farmers? ! How to protect and develop our national industry and commerce and strengthen national defense? ! China is a big country and a poor country. Will imperialism really make China rich and strong? Then how can others show off? ! If you are stunned, our country will be unstable. "Ping-hua zhang excitedly looking at chairman MAO. Say loudly:' Chairman, I understand'. This is related to the painful de facto privatization reform of state-owned enterprises and the export-oriented dependence on the economy derived from it. Did you not verify the chairman's words? Today, 44 years later, faced with this ironclad fact, I can only say with tears, "Madam President, I understand."
From this, I often think that our party, as the vanguard of the working class, should be the leader of the masses, not the tail, and should not stand on the opposite side of the masses, dictate what to do, or even throw cold water on their progress and hinder their progress and social development. In the face of * * * Liuzhuang Village, Huaxi Village, Zhoujiazhuang People's Commune and other typical villages that adhere to the road of * * * collective common prosperity, as well as more than 7,000 villages in China that take the road of collectivization and are better than those in those years, shouldn't real * * * people reflect? * * * When will the idea of the second leap in agriculture put forward in the 1980s be put on the agenda?
In the inertia and backward promise that the land will remain unchanged for 30 years, 70 years and forever, will the countryside really be depressed forever? No, historical development does not depend on "commitment". We saw that the villagers in Xiaogang Village issued a call to learn from * * * after visiting * * *; More and more proletarian intellectuals began to have a valuable consciousness of shouldering their great historical mission; Theoretical exploration and practical experience such as economic democracy and scientific management to overcome bureaucracy and ensure the healthy development of socialist agricultural collectivization have also taken shape; The majority of farmers have also begun to awaken in the face of fact comparison; Under the pressure of its own and hidden crisis, and under the severe impact of the international financial crisis, China agriculture is also gestating new changes; Under the international background that the current economic crisis of western capitalism will inevitably promote a new round of socialist revival, a flood of rewriting history will inevitably form, and the dialectics of history is like this, constantly breaking the shackles and opening the way for itself.
Attachment: Dialogue with an old shop assistant about going it alone.
Q: When you went it alone, how did you react with the masses?
A: I mainly listened to the above. At that time, we said that we should look for food and rice in Wan Li, so we should be typical of the two provinces and publicize the household contract responsibility system. The truth is, you have to divide the fields and go it alone, but you don't quite understand. The above points were divided, and some villages that persisted later disintegrated. In addition, it is also true that eating from the same pot for a while has hurt the enthusiasm of the masses to some extent. Considering these, it is acceptable to go it alone from the perspective of motivation, which is also the idea of most people.
Q: Has the grain problem been solved by dividing the fields and going it alone?
A: It has been solved.
Q: What is the motivation of the masses to engage in collective activities? What are the prospects for agricultural development?
A: The masses are still very active; The prospect is gratifying.
Q: Based on the actual situation in our village at that time, which is better, the collective or the individual?
A: Of course, it is better to be collective. The collective has strength, but the power to divide the land into households is even smaller. The national water conservancy facilities were abandoned and destroyed, and large agricultural machinery could not be used. Does it matter? Digging and digging, watching the weather for dinner.
Q: What do you think of the current central policy of benefiting farmers?
A: Now that agriculture depends on * * *, the agricultural tax will be abolished when the country becomes rich. This policy, that policy, this subsidy and that preferential treatment have only some effects (meaning general effects) and have not solved the fundamental problem.
Q: If you go it alone, will the countryside be more depressed?
A: Yes. This kind of people can't get rich, but it is also the result of national policy support. It is not that most young people can only go out to work to earn money for their children's schooling and family expenses.
Q: Why not give up the bright road of the collective and engage in these tedious philosophies that are of little use?
A: It should be the Party's rural line!
Q: What is the feasibility of taking the collective road now?
A: It's not easy, and people are scattered. Still in the party, in the party's rural line, in leadership.
Several inspirations: First, what kind of rural road is the fundamental to solve the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers. All problems can be solved only by firmly taking the road of socialist collectivization and reading the outline. On the contrary, if we engage in complex philosophy, there will be more and more problems.
Second, the key to rural development lies in the party's strong leadership and guidance.
Third, it is very important to choose good leaders and leading bodies. The fast running of a train depends entirely on the front of the train. The places where agriculture is better all over the country, whether it is Huaxi Village in Jiangsu or * * * in Henan, are all because they have a good leader first, and they have formed an excellent leading group that serves the people wholeheartedly.
Fourth, it is very important to strengthen theoretical study and propaganda work and do a good job in the political and ideological education of the masses. The effect of misleading to go it alone in different fields is mainly reflected in two aspects: psychological misleading and effect misleading. It should be refuted and clarified, and publicity and education should be strengthened on this basis.
(1) Psychologically misleading. At present, some people are still working alone in different fields, demonstrating its benefits from mobilizing enthusiasm. Their logic is: human selfishness ―― private ownership of goods ―― private ownership of property ―― private ownership. It is believed that only integral can arouse people's enthusiasm. In fact, when Marx and Engels refuted the capitalist's accusation of capitalism in the Declaration of * * *, they already answered this question with the following passage: "Some people retort that once private ownership is eliminated, all activities will stop and the wind of laziness will rise. From this point of view, the bourgeois society should have perished long ago because of laziness, because in this society, those who work do not work, and those who work do not work. " The idea of private ownership, which can only arouse the enthusiasm of the masses, and the perseverance of those who have permanent property belong to the category of ideological superstructure, both of which are derived from the economic basis of private ownership, and should be gradually eliminated with the establishment and development of socialist public ownership, and should not be arbitrarily enlarged under socialist conditions. This understanding has also been falsified by countless collective models similar to * * * in reality.
In addition, these people who think that they can mobilize their enthusiasm by working alone in different fields have found the root of their mistakes from the beginning, intentionally or unintentionally, and made logical mistakes. Their reason is nothing more than a pot of rice ―― it has suppressed the enthusiasm of the masses. Then, according to the theoretical logic, we should find the cause of the big pot of rice-bureaucracy. Solution-economic democracy+scientific management. This is the core of the problem and the fact that we should admit and the direction of our efforts. Instead of overthrowing the collectivized socialist road of agriculture, we made a serious mistake of mixing children with dirty water. In fact, not only that, but also the disadvantages and adverse effects of farmland household division are obvious. On this point, Mr. Laotian's netizen has made a thorough analysis in his article "Five Disadvantages of Farming to Households and Advantages of People's Commune", so I won't go into details here.
(2) The result is misleading. Increasing agricultural income is mainly the function of water, fertilizer, seeds, fields and seeds, and the enthusiasm is mainly reflected in intensive cultivation, that is, planting. The so-called one-point spirit does not hold water. However, in propaganda, the media deliberately put political achievements before dividing fields and going it alone, that is, putting the era of * * * on water-engaging in water conservancy construction; Introduce fertilizer-fertilizer equipment; Taking 1973 to popularize hybrid rice in Yuan Longping as an example; Tian-Xiu Dazhai Tian; Planting-advocating reasonable close planting and scientific farming has laid a good foundation, and the delayed appearance of the effect (just the time when it appears, future generations will pick the fruit) is regarded as the effect of dividing the field and going it alone. To a certain extent, the masses have created illusions and gone into misunderstandings, which is another important reason that hinders the masses from taking the road of agricultural collectivization, except that bureaucracy dampens their enthusiasm. 25，25 ->