1. strawberry fields, which has sufficient base fertilizer, should be deeply ploughed to make high ridges. Combined with deep ploughing, 2,000 kilograms of high-quality decomposed farmyard manure, 50 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 50 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer per mu, and fine soil preparation should be carried out according to the ridge width of 45 cm, the ditch width of 45 cm and the ridge height of 25 cm.
2. For soil disinfection, irrigate the border 1000 times with 50% phoxim EC or 2.5% cypermethrin EC to control underground pests. 3. Planting time of greenhouse cultivation, according to climatic conditions, the annual planting time is early September. Select 6-7 strong seedlings with spread leaves, short petioles, thick mesophyll, thick roots of more than 1 cm and developed roots, and plant them on cloudy days or sunny evenings. When planting, we should pay attention to the arch back to the ditch, so that the fruit can be produced on the back of the border, which is convenient for management and harvesting. It is not advisable to bury the heart above the planting depth and expose the roots below. Double row planting, row spacing of 20 cm, plant spacing 18 ~ 20 cm, 7000 ~ 8000 plants per mu.
Second, plant management strawberry seedlings have been planted until they sprout. It is generally required to leave 5~6 leaves and one bud. Excessive old leaves, old buds and axillary buds should be removed in time. After flowering and fruiting, old leaves and dead leaves with yellow stems should be removed, and stolons should be removed in time to reduce consumption. Remove twigs and weak fruits. Generally, each fruit stalk has 7~9 fruits to increase the fruits and improve the quality.
3. Temperature and humidity control The optimum temperature for strawberry growth is 20~28℃, and high temperature above 36℃ and low temperature below 5℃ are not conducive to strawberry growth. Generally, the daytime temperature should be controlled between 25~28℃, not exceeding 30℃, and 7℃ at night is appropriate. The initial flowering period is maintained at 25℃, and the flowering period is controlled at 23℃. From the end of 1 February to the end of1month, when the shed temperature is below 5 degrees, the shed should be provided with a small arch shed covering film, and three layers of film should be used for insulation at extremely low temperature. The humidity in the shed should be controlled below 80% before flowering, and below 60% from flowering to fruit expansion. In order to prevent the attack of high temperature and high humidity, ventilation is used around noon. In April of the following year, when the temperature rises obviously, the film on both sides of the greenhouse can be removed to increase the ventilation, reduce the temperature and humidity and prolong the fruit-bearing period.
Fourth, bees are released during flowering.
Although strawberries can pollinate themselves, the lack of spreading insects in the greenhouse will lead to poor pollination and abnormal results. Using bees to assist cross pollination has obvious effect on improving quality and increasing yield. Bee release should be carried out at the early flowering stage, and chemical agents should not be sprayed at the flowering stage, so as not to affect pollination and produce deformed fruits. And appropriate thinning flowers and fruits, so that high and low, strong and weak.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) fertilizer and water management
Strawberry base fertilizer in greenhouse is sufficient, most of which is organic fertilizer, and the amount of topdressing is less. However, timely supplementation of phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements according to strawberry growth can not be ignored. Strawberry needs enough water in the whole growth process, the soil moisture can be slightly dry at flowering stage, and more water is needed in the vigorous growth period of strawberry and berry expansion period. Irrigation can be combined with fertilization, and the fertilizer can be dissolved in water to make a solution about 1000 times for application. When the soil moisture is too high to be irrigated, the fertilizer solution can be directly applied into the soil through the pipeline, and when the soil is dry, the fertilizer can be diluted to 4000 times, or the pipeline irrigation method is labor-saving and convenient. After the spring of the following year, with the temperature rising, the production speed was accelerated. In order to avoid acidification of strawberry fruit, potassium fertilizer should be added, and about 5 kg of 0.3% potassium sulfate should be applied per mu.
Six, pest control
With the continuous expansion of strawberry planting area and the increase of planting years, the harm degree of pests and diseases is also increasing, and new varieties of pests and diseases are also emerging. The main pests and diseases of strawberry are powdery mildew, gray mold, anthracnose, red spider, aphid, thrips, Spodoptera litura and so on. Choose biological, mineral and plant-derived pesticides to control pests and diseases, and strictly implement the interval of safe use of pesticides. Powdery mildew can be treated with 30% kresoxim-methyl 2000 times solution; Anthracnose can be treated with 25% prochloraz 1000 times solution; 40% pyrimethanil 1000 times solution can treat gray mold; Red spider can use 20% pyridaben 2000 times solution; Aphids and thrips can use 20% acetamiprid 3000 times solution; 1.0% emamectin benzoate 1500 times solution can control Spodoptera litura.
According to the development of strawberries, we should pay attention to the following aspects:
First, you can't plant in the same field for three to five years. If strawberries are planted in the same field for many years, many trace elements needed by strawberries will be lacking, resulting in low yield and poor quality.
Second, because the cultivated strawberries have not been purified and rejuvenated, the variety characteristics will become worse, so it is necessary to purify and rejuvenate or introduce excellent new varieties.
Third, in greenhouse cultivation, we should vigorously promote the use of carbon dioxide gas fertilizer. Because the application of carbon dioxide gas fertilizer in greenhouse can effectively improve photosynthesis, this measure can make strawberry harvest 8~ 10 days in advance, improve strawberry fruit quality, and increase yield by more than 10%, thus achieving the effect of increasing production and income.
Fourth, vigorously introduce and promote excellent varieties.