Physical geological data such as cores, specimens and test samples are the most valuable basic achievement data obtained in geological work. It is one of three kinds of geological data (original geological data, achievement geological data and physical geological data), an important basis for understanding, studying and solving geological and resource conditions, and an extremely valuable information resource with important economic value and scientific significance. The collection cost of physical geological data is very high, and it cannot be recovered and copied, but it has reusability and multiple values. Due to the complexity of objective geological conditions and the limitations of observation methods, people's understanding can often not be completed at one time. With the continuous development of science and technology and the continuous improvement of analytical and testing methods, it is possible to find geological and mineral phenomena and useful information that have not been discovered before and obtain new, more valuable and meaningful scientific understanding through the re-study and reuse of the obtained physical and geological data. Doing a good job in the collection, collation, preservation, research and utilization of physical geological data can effectively avoid low-level repetition of geological work, save a lot of geological exploration funds for the country, and improve the efficiency and effect of geological exploration work, which is of great significance.
The physical geological data in China are mainly scattered in basic geological prospecting units. For a long time, the management of physical geological data has lagged behind, and it has not really been included in the unified national geological data management scope, and the information channels for society to obtain physical geological data are not smooth. Mainly reflected in: the distribution of physical geological data in the country is not completely clear; It is not clear what geological information can be reflected by well-preserved physical geological data; It is not clear whether the physical geological data with important scientific research significance and value in regional mineral resources development, engineering and environmental construction have been well preserved; It is not clear which borehole cores are well preserved and which borehole cores have been lost and damaged. This situation is extremely unfavorable to the management, research, development and utilization of physical geological data.
In recent years, with the reform of the management system of geological prospecting team and the implementation of the new Mineral Resources Law and its supporting regulations, the management of physical geological data is facing a new situation. On the one hand, the role of physical geological data in the development of national economy is becoming more and more prominent, and the state is paying more and more attention to the management of physical geological data. The establishment of mining right system also puts forward higher requirements for the management mode of physical geological data; On the other hand, after the localization management of geological prospecting teams, due to the institutional reform, institutional changes and insufficient funds of grassroots geological prospecting units, the valuable physical geological data obtained by the state through a large amount of geological prospecting fees (nearly 200 billion yuan) for decades have not been effectively managed, and the physical geological data are seriously lost and damaged, which is in danger of being lost. Other physical and geological data with special significance (polar and marine surveys, standard profiles, etc.). ) stored in different departments and units, or even in the hands of individuals, is not conducive to giving full play to the value and role of these physical data. There are many reasons for this. Among them, the core library for storing physical geological data is in disrepair and there is no special person to manage it. One of the reasons for this situation is the imperfect management system of physical geological data. Therefore, the construction of national physical geological database and the collection and preservation of physical geological data with great scientific research value and special significance are conducive to the development of geoscience academic exchanges at home and abroad, reflecting China's geological conditions and major geological events, showing important achievements in geological and mineral work, and improving the international status of geological and mineral powers. At the same time, it is also conducive to strengthening the relatively centralized, efficient and unified management of important physical and geological data.
Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a national physical geological database and strengthen the management of physical geological data.
Second, the general situation of physical geological database construction at home and abroad
1. Construction of foreign physical geological database
Since the 1960s, many developed countries have paid more and more attention to the preservation, development and utilization of physical geological data, established a large number of core databases, and constantly improved the management service system, which has played an important role in promoting geological and mineral exploration and research.
Canada has established 40 core banks managed and operated by the government, and the stored borehole cores and rock samples represent about 3 million m coring profiles. Some core libraries have established computer document display systems, and related information service networks have been established between provincial and federal management institutions. The public can use these facilities to search, observe, test and study the cores and samples stored in the library.
Australia's physical geological data are managed by the government, and relevant policies and methods have been formulated, and different types of physical databases have been established in various States. The Geological Survey of Western Australia established Perth Core Bank and Karguli Core Bank. There are also core banks in New South Wales, Queensland and South Australia, among which the core bank in New South Wales is the largest and most modern core bank in Australia. It has four warehouses, storing about 14 100 boxes and about 940,000 m cores from 6 160 boreholes, mainly including metal ore cores, coal cores, oil exploration cores and.
Physical geological data in the United States are mainly managed by the core research center of the US Geological Survey, and its core library is the largest public core library in the United States at present. It collected and preserved about 654.38+0.4 million feet of cores from oil exploration and development wells in 365.438+0 states, and cuttings from about 50,000 wells in 27 states, in addition to about 6.5438+0.5 million self-recorded cores. The stored cores are widely used at home and abroad, and nearly 2000 scientists from all over the world visit the core bank every year, providing consulting services to 35000 people for more than 20 years.
Some countries such as France and Russia have also carried out different degrees of work in the management of physical geological data.
From the foreign situation, the United States, Canada, Australia and other countries have relatively centralized physical geological databases, and implement a unified classification and classification management system for physical geological data. The storage facilities are relatively advanced, and there are a wide range of physical objects. Mechanization has been basically realized, and it is developing in the direction of automation and informatization, and a relatively systematic management regulation and technical method have been initially formed. Their achievements and experience have important reference value for the construction of China's national natural geological database, which is worth learning.
2. Construction of domestic physical geological database
In the long-term geological work, a large number of physical geological data with important preservation significance and development and utilization value have been produced. However, these physical geological data are scattered in the hands of different departments, units and individuals, and the preservation conditions and management level of physical geological data vary widely. In all departments, the physical geological data of petroleum system is well preserved, managed, developed and utilized, while the physical geological data of coal, metallurgy, nonferrous metals and other geological exploration departments are poorly preserved, with chaotic management and great difficulty in utilization.
(1) Construction of Physical Geology Database of Ministry of Petroleum
The petroleum department attaches great importance to the management of physical geological data. Daqing Oilfield, Shengli Oilfield, Liaohe Oilfield, Dagang Oilfield, Karamay Oilfield, Tarim Oilfield and other major oilfields have unified and standardized management of physical and geological data such as cores and cuttings, built large-scale core banks with observation, sampling, detection and scanning facilities, basically realized the mechanization of core management, built core databases and network systems to varying degrees, and began to promote the informationization of internal management and external services. Each oilfield has initially established a standardized management service system, formulated and implemented technical standards such as core management methods, core sample processing methods, core fluorescence photography methods, core production methods, and more systematic management service methods and post responsibilities.
(2) General situation of physical geological data management of geological and mineral system.
The geological and mineral system is the main body of geological exploration and scientific research in China, so the physical geological data produced and preserved are the most. According to the survey, by the end of 1998, there were more than 1000 cores in China, with a total length of 247 1000 m, collected from 6308 mining areas and 30 1000 boreholes. Among them, there are 463 permanent cores with 9.94 million m, and the preservation rate is about 55%. There are 7 14 simple cores, with 6.63 million meters of cores, and the intact rate is 33%. The remaining storage points are temporary or open storage points, and the stored or shallowly buried cores are seriously damaged and lost. 994,000 specimens preserved by relevant state units were collected from 20,200 mining areas (working areas); 8484 mining areas (working areas) collected 6.5438+0443 million sub-samples; There are 3065438+2000 optical slices, which were collected from 24434 mining areas (working areas).
In the work of geology and mineral resources, management departments at all levels and grass-roots exploration and research units have always attached importance to the management of physical geological data. As early as the early days of the founding of New China, most geological teams and geological bureaus successively established core sample banks, formulated core sample management systems, and kept most physical geological data, which played a certain role in geological exploration. In recent years, due to the lack of financial support and other guarantee conditions, the management of physical geological data in most geological prospecting units has fallen into a serious dilemma-many core sample banks have been seriously damaged, some are on the verge of bankruptcy, most core boxes and sample boxes have been damaged, many physical geological data managers have retired, laid off or flowed out one after another, the management system is lax, the inventory of physical geological data is chaotic, the reuse rate is very low, and even many important or precious physical geological data have been lost or on the verge of destruction. For example, a fire at Duobaoshan super-large copper mine in Heilongjiang 1972 damaged the core of more than 50,000 meters of rock; The core warehouse in Baima vanadium-titanium magnetite area of Miyi, Sichuan collapsed, and more than 30,000 meters of cores were scattered all over the mountain. The large-scale phosphate rock in Dongshan peak of Shimen, Hunan Province is a national key project. The core of 6.5438+0.5 million meters obtained in geological exploration battle has been damaged except for 6.5438+0.5 million meters.
In recent years, with the extensive development of geological survey, marine geology, polar exploration and continental scientific drilling, many new physical geological data have been produced, many of which are of great preservation significance and very precious. At present, most of these physical and geological data are scattered in production units of different departments. Except for a few departments or units that have built or are ready to build special preservation facilities, most units are waiting to be submitted according to regulations.
It can be seen that it is very necessary to build a national physical geological database and strengthen the management of physical geological data. In this way, it is not only conducive to safeguarding national rights and interests, promoting international exchanges and academic research, but also conducive to rescuing important physical geological data on the verge of loss and damage, reversing the passive situation that the management of physical geological data is seriously lagging behind social and economic development, and improving the social service level of physical geological data.
Three, the national physical geological database construction standards
1. National natural geological database construction goal
The construction of national physical geological database should start from a high starting point, adopt modern storage, display and available equipment and technology, make full use of information technology to realize the modernization of physical geological data management and service, and build the physical geological database into a domestic first-class and internationally renowned physical geological data storage and management facility. At the same time, within 10 ~ 15 years, the number of cores collected by the national physical geological database will reach 300,000 ~ 350,000 m, and the number of samples will reach more than 1000,000. There are dozens of collections; The quality of the collection has reached the world-class level; Digitization of physical geological data; Automatic management of natural geological data; Provide modern services for the society.
2. Construction scale of national natural geological database
In 2002, the Physical Geological Data Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources was established with the approval of the Office of the Central Organization Establishment Committee to undertake the collection, collation, storage and utilization of the national physical geological data, which provided organizational guarantee for the construction of the national physical geological database.
The state and the Ministry of Land and Resources attach great importance to the management of physical geological data. The State Planning Commission and the Ministry of Land and Resources approved the physical geological database construction project of the Ministry of Land and Resources with a building area of 5000m2 and a total investment of no more than 50 million yuan with No.872 [200 1] and No.328 respectively.
3. Structural layout of national natural geological database
The physical warehouse consists of observation room, treatment hall, exhibition hall and three-dimensional storage room, with a total construction area of 5600m2. The length of the core contained in the warehouse can reach 350,000 ~ 400,000 meters, which can meet the needs of the current and future 20 years. The core observation hall is the place where researchers observe cores, specimens, samples and descriptions; The core processing hall is the place where cores are drilled, cut, polished, cut and broken. The exhibition hall is a place to display items and pictures; The core stereo library is a place for storing cores, specimens and other physical objects.
4. Composition of the Collection
The national physical geological database collects and preserves the national physical geological data with great scientific research value and special significance, provides information services for the national economic construction and the public, serves the domestic and foreign geoscience academic exchanges, and provides a demonstration role for the gradual construction of local physical geological databases.
On March, 20065438+7, the Reserve Department of the Ministry of Land and Resources organized experts to demonstrate the construction scheme of the national physical geological database. Experts attending the meeting believe that the national physical geological database should mainly save and collect the following physical geological data:
1) Physical geological data obtained from scientific drilling, marine survey, polar exploration and space exploration;
2) Representative and typical regional physical and geological data, including geological sections, important strata, paleontology, structures and magmatic rocks with international and domestic comparative significance;
3) Physical geological data reflecting important and special geological phenomena;
(four) there are typical or special geological data of mineral deposits;
5) Obtain important foreign geological data.
Four. Analysis of social and economic benefits
The preservation and utilization of cores have very important economic and social values.
The practice of establishing physical database in oil fields of petroleum system proves that it has great economic benefits.
Through the observation, analysis, research and verification of several wells in Daqing Oilfield, the obtained geological reserves are nearly 200 million yuan less than the designed wells.
The Hekou Oil Production Plant of Shengli Oilfield found a new oilfield and a new block: 65438+ Chegu 1 well, which was drilled in July, 1978. There is no oil production in the open hole interval of 2411.56 ~ 2451.30m, and the daily oil production of drilling cuttings 18.85t and daily gas production 16 10m3 are rechecked. So far, Taoerhe Oilfield has been discovered, with proven oil-bearing area of 4.3 square kilometers, geological reserves of 9.35 million tons, and cumulative oil production of 81.65438+365,000 tons. ..
Before the Sino-foreign joint venture of Caijiaying lead-zinc mine in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, the foreign party not only strengthened the confidence of the joint venture, but also saved a lot of exploration funds by observing and analyzing the physical cores.
There are many examples of core preservation and utilization similar to the above, and there are countless examples.
Building a national physical geological database and collecting valuable physical geological data has great potential economic benefits and social benefits. On the one hand, it can keep the achievements of huge investment in the past, avoid the waste of replacement, and save a lot of capital investment needed for repeated work for the country. On the other hand, with the development of science and technology, using advanced technical means for secondary development, scientific research and comprehensive utilization can obtain new and more valuable scientific knowledge, guide basic geological theory research and prospecting, thus improving the efficiency and effect of geological work, providing more valuable mineral resources for national economic construction and promoting the sustained, healthy and rapid development of the national economy. Furthermore, the national physical geological database can use modern network technology to provide services such as inquiry and reservation of physical geological data information resources for the society and realize information sharing.