1 From Freud's cognitive map, the "subconscious" you said, that is, the Ics written by Freud in the map, should be translated as "unconscious". The so-called "dive" refers to the following things, and the unconscious is what we really don't realize. Anything that can enter consciousness is not called "unconsciousness". So "unconsciousness" is a black box concept, and we can only infer it indirectly through language errors, dreams and symptoms. That is what Freud himself called "translation", which translates conscious language into unconscious language. But whether we turn it right or not, only the "subject" knows.
About "instinct" The word instinct is different in Freud's own works. In German, Freud used instinct to refer to hereditary, innate and animal instinct; Freud used the word trieb for unconscious energy. So at this point, psychoanalysis does not consider animal instinct. So the instinct mentioned in the first signal system does not apply to the field of psychoanalysis.
The spiritual structure discussed in psychoanalysis should be based on the structure of language. We say that the subject is the subject of speech. Then the study of animals is just a reference for us. Unconscious, we can think of it as the sum of all kinds of language information.