Cyclophosphamide (CTX cyclophosphamide)
Alias: cyclophosphamide, Ede powder, Ede star, An Daosheng, CPM.
Function and use
This product is the most commonly used alkylating agent anti-tumor drug. After entering the body, strongly alkylated chloroethyl phosphoramide (or phosphoramide nitrogen mustard) is released under the catalysis of liver microsomal enzymes, which has cytotoxic effect on tumor cells. In addition, this product also has significant immune function.
Clinically used for malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, bronchial cancer, lung cancer and so on. , has a certain curative effect. It can also be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, nephrotic syndrome in children and autoimmune diseases.
Dosage and usage
Oral, anticancer, 0. 1g ~ 0.2g/~ 0.2g/ day, course of treatment 10g ~ 15g. Immunosuppression, 50m g ~ 150mg/ day, twice for 4 ~ 6 weeks. Intravenous injection, 4mg/kg, 1 time/day, can be used to the total dose of 8 g ~ 10 g, and the current intermittent dose is 0.6g ~ 1g/ time, 1 time every 5 ~ 7 days, with the same course of treatment and dose, or large dose/time.
side effect
1 bone marrow suppression, mainly leukopenia.
Urinary tract symptoms mainly come from chemical cystitis, such as frequent urination, urgency, strong bladder urine sensation, hematuria and even dysuria. Drink more water, increase urine output and relieve symptoms.
Symptoms of digestive system include nausea, vomiting and anorexia, which can appear by intravenous injection or oral administration, and can appear 3 ~ 4 hours after intravenous injection.
The common skin symptom is alopecia, but tiny new hair can be regenerated after stopping taking medicine.
5 Long-term application, men can cause testicular atrophy and sperm deficiency; Women can cause amenorrhea, ovarian fibrosis or deformity. Pregnant women should use it with caution.
Occasionally, it can affect liver function, jaundice and prothrombin decrease. Use with caution in patients with poor liver function.
Setipai
Thiotepa
Alias: diamine, triamine, triethylene phosphoramide, TEPA.
Function and use
Belonging to ethylene imine alkylating agent. Because it has three functional groups, it can cross-link with DNA, change the function of DNA and affect the division of cancer cells.
Clinically used for breast cancer, ovarian cancer, but also for lung cancer, cervical cancer, melanoma, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, intestinal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer and so on.
Dosage and usage
Intravenous injection or intramuscular injection, 10mg/ time, 1 time/day, changed to twice a week after 5 days, with a total course of treatment of 250mg. Arterial or local perfusion, 10mg ~ 20mg/ time, 1 time/day or 2 ~ 3 times a week, the total amount is the same as above. Bladder perfusion: After bladder cancer surgery, the drug 30 mg ~ 60 mg (~ 100 mg) was dissolved in physiological saline with the concentration of 1 mg ~ 2 mg/ml, and the bladder was perfused 1 hour,12 times/week.
side effect
1 bone marrow suppression can cause leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, which usually occurs after 1 ~ 6 weeks of medication.
There are gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and diarrhea, and some have fever and rash.
3 can cause azoospermia in male patients and menorrhagia in female patients.
Baixiaoan
Baixiaoan
Alias: Dimmesdale, Merilan, White Blood Deer.
Function and use
It belongs to methanesulfonate alkylating agent and can form cross connection with DNA double strand. This product has selective inhibitory effect on bone marrow, but weak inhibitory effect on lymphatic system. This product is mainly used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia, and the permeability of granulocyte membrane to drugs may be strong. This product is a cycle nonspecific drug, which mainly acts on G 1 and G0 cells. Clinically, it is used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia.
Dosage and usage
The oral dose for adults is 4mg ~ 6mg/ day (or 0. 1mg ~ 0.2mg/kg/ day), lasting about 3 ~ 6 weeks, until the white blood cells drop to (10 ~ 20) ×109/l (109/l). Children, 0.05mg/kg per day.
side effect
The main symptoms of 1 are myelosuppression, thrombocytopenia and bleeding. Long-term use of 1 can cause bone marrow regeneration disorder, and the hemogram should be strictly checked when using the drug.
Occasionally nausea, vomiting, dizziness, blushing, chills in limbs and vermilion pigmentation.
Testicular atrophy and mammary gland development are occasionally seen in men and amenorrhea in women.
Long-term use can occasionally lead to pulmonary interstitial fibrosis, which can be fatal in severe cases.
5 may lead to teratogenicity, pregnant women should use it with caution or not.
Lomustine
Lomustine (CCNU)
Alias: nitrogen mustard, lomustine, cyclohexylnitrosourea, chloroethyl cyclohexylnitrosourea.
Function and use
This product belongs to chloroethylamine nitrosourea anticancer drug, which acts on G 1 phase, G 1 ~ s phase and M phase, and also has effects on G2 phase, so it is a cell cycle nonspecific drug. This product is characterized by high fat solubility, can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and is quickly absorbed by oral administration.
Clinically used for primary and secondary tumors, such as glioblastoma, malignant lymphoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, digestive tract cancer and so on.
Dosage and usage
Oral, each time130 (100 ~150) mg/m2, or 3.5mg/kg, oral. Every 6-8 weeks, use it for the second time according to the blood picture, usually 4 times.
1 Bone marrow suppression causes leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.
Nausea and vomiting are common in digestive system, and gastrointestinal bleeding is occasionally seen.
Taking medicine on an empty stomach and taking chlorpromazine or metoclopramide in advance can reduce the reaction.
Occasionally delayed liver injury. Use with caution in patients with poor liver function.
This product has teratogenic effect and is prohibited for pregnant women.
Propcarbazide hydrochloride (methylbenzyl hydrazine, methylbenzyl hydrazine)
Procarbazine hydrochloride
(Natulan, Matulan, PCB)
Function and use
This product has cytotoxic effect, releasing methyl positive ions in vivo to combine with DNA and depolymerize.
Clinically, it is used to treat Hodgkin's disease, malignant lymphoma, myeloma, melanoma, brain tumor and lung cancer.
Dosage and usage
Oral administration, starting from 50 mg ~ 100 mg/m 2 per day, gradually increasing after 1 week, reaching 150 mg ~ 200 mg/m 2 per day. Generally, it will be taken three times for 2 ~ 3 weeks, and then it will be used again after 2 weeks of drug withdrawal, or maintained at 100mg/m 2 per day.
side effect
1 Gastrointestinal reactions are common nausea and vomiting, with occasional stomatitis, dry mouth, dysphagia, diarrhea and constipation.
Bone marrow suppression can cause leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, which may lead to bleeding tendency and anemia. 、
Common headaches, fatigue, drowsiness, occasional dizziness, depression, insomnia, hallucinations, ataxia, diplopia and nystagmus. You can also see muscle pain and joint pain. Rare coma and convulsion.
4 Occasionally allergic dermatitis, herpes, prurigo, pigmentation and alopecia.
Other symptoms include chills, fever and sweating, and occasionally tachycardia and blood pressure drop.
6 people with poor liver and kidney function should use it with caution or reduce it. It is not suitable for pregnant women.
Dibromo mannitol
Dibromo mannitol
Alias: DBM
Function and use
This product is a carbohydrate alkylating agent, which can affect the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein. Clinically used for chronic myeloid leukemia, Hodgkin's disease and polycythemia vera.
Dosage and usage
Oral, 500mg/day, three times. The maintenance amount ranges from 200mg/ day to 200mg/ week, which is adjusted according to the number of white blood cells in the blood.
side effect
1 Sometimes gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea, vomiting and anorexia may occur.
Bone marrow suppression can lead to leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.
This product has a strong accumulation effect, so it is necessary to check the blood picture regularly. People with hemorrhagic constitution are prohibited.
Do not use with cytotoxic drugs. Avoid contact with x-rays during medication.
Azeltamide
Dacarbazine (DTIC, DIC)
Alias: triazine imine amide, methylamine.
Function and use
The mechanism of action of this product may be that methyl cation is released in vivo for alkylation, or it may be used as an analog of purine nucleotide precursor to inhibit the synthesis of purine nucleotide. Clinically, it is used for malignant melanoma, and also has certain curative effect on lung squamous cell carcinoma, sarcoma, brain tumor, leiomyosarcoma and fibrosarcoma.
Dosage and usage
Intravenous injection, 2.5 mg ~ 6 mg/kg per day, or 150 mg ~ 300 mg/m 2 per day, dissolved in 20 ml ~ 40 ml physiological saline, and then slowly intravenous injection immediately, lasting for 5 ~ 10 days for 1 course of treatment, and the next one at intervals of 2 ~ 4 weeks. It can also be used for arterial injection or drip, with the same dosage as intravenous injection. In order to reduce the irritation to blood vessels, this product can also be diluted with 5% glucose injection 150 ml ~ 250 ml, and then dripped quickly within 15 ~ 30 minutes.
1 Common gastrointestinal reactions, such as loss of appetite, vomiting and nausea, and occasional diarrhea.
Bone marrow suppression is mainly leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.
Some patients have flu-like symptoms, paresthesia, high fever, muscle pain and liver and kidney function damage.
chlorambucil
Chlorambucil (Leukeran, CB 1348)
Alias: Liu Kelun, Liu Kening and chlorambucil.
Function and use
This product is a derivative of nitrogen mustard, similar to cyclophosphamide, and has inhibitory effect on many tumors. Clinically used for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, chorioendothelioma, multiple myeloma, etc.
Dosage and usage
Oral administration, daily 0. 1 mg ~ 0.2 mg/kg, with a total of 400 mg ~ 500 mg 1 course, and the maintenance dose of 0.03 mg ~ 0. 1 mg/kg.
side effect
1 can reduce lymphocytes, but has little inhibitory effect on granulocytes and platelets. Excess can cause whole blood reduction, liver function damage and jaundice.
Gastrointestinal reaction is lighter than nitrogen mustard and is easily tolerated by patients.
Vincristine sulfate
Vincristine sulfate
Alias: Vinblastine Aldehyde, vinblastine sulfate, Neovinblastine.
Function and use
This product can affect the formation of spindle in cells, stop mitosis at metaphase, and delay or block M phase of cell proliferation cycle. In addition, it can inhibit the synthesis of purine, RNA and DNA. This drug belongs to the cell cycle specific drug. Clinically, it is mainly used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, malignant lymphoma, small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer and digestive tract cancer.
Dosage and usage
Intravenous injection or intravenous drip, each time 1mg ~ 1.4mg/m2 (or 0.02mg ~ 0.04mg/kg), the dosage of adult 1 time/week, and the course of treatment is 1 0. The drug should not be injected by intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection or intrathecal injection. Abdominal injection 1 mg ~ 3 mg, diluted with 20 ml ~ 30 ml of normal saline.
side effect
1 nervous system toxicity: mainly manifested as numbness of limbs, paresthesia, general weakness, disappearance of tendon reflex, muscle pain, constipation, paralytic intestinal obstruction, cerebral palsy, etc.
Can cause hair loss, occasional fever, nausea and vomiting.
Intravenous injection can cause thrombophlebitis. If it leaks from blood vessels, it will lead to local tissue necrosis and persistent pain.
Cefotaxil
Cephalotaxuridine
Function and use
This product is a bio-ester group with anticancer effect proposed from Cephalotaxus, which can inhibit the synthesis of protein in eukaryotic cells and depolymerize polyribosomes. It is an anticancer drug that interferes with the synthetic function of protein. Clinically, it is used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia, acute monocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia and malignant lymphoma.
Dosage and usage
Adults 1mg ~ 4mg/ day, 7 ~ 10 times as 1 course of treatment, and repeated administration after 2 weeks.
side effect
1 gastrointestinal reaction. Sometimes nausea, vomiting, anorexia, dry mouth and so on.
Bone marrow suppression with leukopenia.
Etoposide (alias: etoposide, etoposide, VP? 16)
etoposide
Function and use
This product is an anti-tumor drug with cell cycle specificity. It mainly inhibits metaphase splinter cell, and has a wide anticancer spectrum. Its anticancer mechanism is to inhibit the transfer of nucleoside and the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein. Clinically used for leukemia, small cell lung cancer, malignant lymphoma, ovarian cancer, choriocarcinoma, testicular cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer and so on.
Dosage and usage
Dilute this product with 5% glucose injection or physiological saline, and slowly drip it for at least 30 minutes after the concentration per milliliter does not exceed 0.25mg.
1 solid tumor was intravenously injected with 60mg ~ 100mg/ day for 3 ~ 5 days, and repeated every 3 ~ 4 weeks.
② Leukemia was given 50m g ~ 100mg/ day for 5 days, and repeated according to the blood picture after a certain interval.
side effect
1 Gastrointestinal reaction, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, alopecia, etc. are common.
Individual patients may have allergic reactions such as chills, fever, tachycardia and bronchospasm. People with heart, liver and renal insufficiency are prohibited. Pregnant women and people who are allergic to this medicine should use it with caution.
L-asparaginase
l？ asparaginase
Alias: L-asparaginase.
Function and use
Tumor cells cannot synthesize asparagine, an essential amino acid for growth, and must rely on host supply. This product can hydrolyze asparagine and make tumor cells lack asparagine, thus inhibiting growth. Clinically, it is used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia and acute monocytic leukemia, as well as malignant lymphopathy.
Dosage and usage
This product can be used for intravenous injection, intravenous drip, intramuscular injection, etc. General dosage: 20 u ~ 5000 u/kg or 10000 u ~ 15000 u/m 2, 3 ~ 7 times per week, preferably 500 u ~ 1000 u/kg per day, or 20 times per week. Intravenous injection is diluted with 20 ml ~ 40 ml normal saline, and intravenous injection is diluted with 5% glucose injection or 500ml normal saline. Intravenous drip time is not less than 30 minutes, and the diluted volume of intramuscular injection is limited to 2ml.
side effect
The allergic reactions of 1 include rash, urticaria, joint pain, respiratory distress and shock. , should do intradermal test before use.
Gastrointestinal reaction, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, etc.
3. Central nervous system toxicity, headache, dizziness, lethargy and insanity.
4. Persons with impaired liver and renal function, pregnant women and those with liver and renal insufficiency are prohibited.
Anlumide (alias: amino sleeping pills, butanone, Anlumide)
aminoglutethimide
Function and use
This product is an adrenocortical hormone inhibitor and antineoplastic agent. It can inhibit the cleavage enzyme system from cholesterol to pregnenolone, thus blocking the synthesis of adrenocortical hormone. In peripheral tissues, the production of estrogen is inhibited by blocking aromatase, thus reducing the promotion of estrogen to breast cancer and inhibiting tumor growth. Clinically used for:
1 Cortisolism (Cushing's syndrome).
Advanced breast cancer after menopause or ovariectomy (especially lymph, soft tissue and bone metastasis).
Dosage and usage
Oral, 250mg/ time, 2 ~ 3 times/day, ***2 weeks. Maintenance, 250mg/ time, 3 ~ 4 times/day.
side effect
1 has symptoms of central nervous system such as drowsiness, dizziness, headache and ataxia.
There are gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
Anlumide (alias: amino sleeping pills, butanone, Anlumide)
aminoglutethimide
Function and use
This product is an adrenocortical hormone inhibitor and antineoplastic agent. It can inhibit the cleavage enzyme system from cholesterol to pregnenolone, thus blocking the synthesis of adrenocortical hormone. In peripheral tissues, the production of estrogen is inhibited by blocking aromatase, thus reducing the promotion of estrogen to breast cancer and inhibiting tumor growth. Clinically used for:
1 Cortisolism (Cushing's syndrome).
Advanced breast cancer after menopause or ovariectomy (especially lymph, soft tissue and bone metastasis).
Dosage and usage
Oral, 250mg/ time, 2 ~ 3 times/day, ***2 weeks. Maintenance, 250mg/ time, 3 ~ 4 times/day.
side effect
1 has symptoms of central nervous system such as drowsiness, dizziness, headache and ataxia.
There are gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
Carboplatin
Carboplatin
Alias: carbon platinum, long-wave platinum, cis-diaminocyclobutane platinum, cis-diaminocyclobutane carboxyl, platinum acid.
Function and use
Carboplatin has a good therapeutic effect on small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, testicular tumor, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and malignant lymphoma. It also has certain curative effect on bladder cancer and cervical cancer.
Dosage and usage
After diluted with normal saline to 65438 00 mg/ml, add 500 ml of 5% glucose injection for intravenous drip. Recommended dose: 300 mg ~ 400 mg/m 2, 1 time; Or 60 mg ~ 70 mg/m 2, 1 time/day, repeated for 5 days and 4 weeks 1 time.
side effect
1 This product can cause digestive tract reactions such as nausea and vomiting, but it is milder than cisplatin.
The main toxicities were myelosuppression, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.