Highway bridge is an important part of highway traffic facilities, which directly affects the safety and smoothness of traffic. With the vigorous development of the national economy. With the rapid growth of highway traffic volume, there are more and more large overloaded vehicles, especially overloaded vehicles, which have been repeatedly banned and become increasingly serious. In addition, the highway department ignores the maintenance management of bridges, which leads to the failure of timely maintenance of highway bridges. With the expansion year by year, the overall condition of the bridge has gone from bad to worse, even causing the bridge to collapse and the highway to break off. Therefore, strengthening bridge maintenance, keeping the bridge in good condition and prolonging its service life are urgent problems for highway maintenance departments. Combining with the work practice, the author talks about some superficial understandings on the common problems in bridge maintenance and the measures to be taken, so as to arouse the attention of all colleagues on bridge maintenance.
1, Frequently Asked Questions of Highway Bridge Maintenance
1. 1 The bridge deck is seriously polluted.
If it is not cleaned up in time, it is not uncommon for villagers along the line to use the bridge deck to dry grain, accumulate river sand and sundries, and throw garbage by transport vehicles, which seriously pollutes the highway bridge. In addition, the bridge deck is not cleaned for a long time, which leads to unclean bridge deck and blocked drainage holes. This problem is common in many small and medium-sized bridges. The blockage of drainage holes leads to water accumulation on the bridge deck in rainy days and icing in winter, which seriously threatens the driving safety. The garbage and dirt accumulated on the bridge deck can not be cleaned up in time, forming triangular hard blocks, which leads to uneven bridge deck. Under the constant action of vehicle tires, the bridge deck pavement is prone to damage and potholes. With the increase of pits and grooves, when vehicles pass by. It will cause vehicle bumps and serious vibration of adjacent beam segments, thus increasing component fatigue and directly affecting the service life of the bridge.
1.2 Bridge railings were damaged and not repaired in time.
After the bridge deck railing is damaged, it is usually not repaired and restored in time. Most of the reasons for the local damage of bridge deck railings are caused by motor vehicle traffic accidents; Some bridges were accidentally damaged when driving heavy goods (such as cement poles) on the bridge; The railings of a few bridges were damaged by man-made theft, weathering and corrosion. Failure to repair the bridge railings in time will not only affect the landscape, but also make the traffic on the bridge feel insecure.
1.3 The bump at the bridge head still exists.
The uneven settlement of the high fill of the approach road at the bridge head makes the joint between the bridge deck and the approach road surface uneven and uncomfortable, which leads to a slight or serious bump when passing through the bridge head. If it is not eliminated in time, it will affect the speed and reduce the driving quality. More importantly, the long-term impact of vehicles will aggravate the fatigue damage of beam ends, thus affecting the service life of bridges.
1.4 Early bridge diseases were not treated in time.
After the bridge components are delivered for use. Cracks, breakage, corrosion, displacement and other diseases will gradually appear, but due to the lack of regular inspection in daily maintenance, early diseases cannot be found in time. Moreover, the emergency funds for bridge maintenance are insufficient, which leads to the failure of effective treatment of early diseases, and finally leads to the corrosion of steel bars, the development of small cracks into large cracks, the loss of activity of movable bearings and the fall of concrete. It is the so-called "minor illness will lead to serious illness". This not only affects the safety of driving, but also increases the maintenance cost and wastes the already tight maintenance funds of the country.
1.5 Poor drainage in bridge opening is easy to cause water damage.
This phenomenon is common in small and medium-sized bridges. Some people dump garbage at the bridgehead at will, or build dams near bridge opening to stop water from irrigating farmland, thus compressing the riverbed and blocking the bridge opening. After bridge opening blocked it. In the daily maintenance work, the river is not cleaned in time, and this kind of flood discharge preparation is rarely done before the flood season. Therefore, the flood discharge capacity of bridge opening is poor, and it is easy to cause bridges and their ancillary structures to be damaged by water.
The bearing capacity of 1.6 bridge is insufficient, and the dangerous bridge situation is unknown.
The existing highway bridges are built according to different technical standards in different periods. So its carrying capacity is obviously different. Especially for bridges built before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the standard is not suitable for the axle load of existing vehicles, which is too low. Moreover, in recent years, due to the increasing number of overweight vehicles, the requirements for the bearing capacity of bridges are getting higher and higher. The lack of bridge bearing capacity is the main problem in the current bridge maintenance and reinforcement work. Yes, there are some
Bridges whose bearing capacity is really too low, or have been seriously damaged and can no longer function normally, can be designated as "dangerous bridges" to restrict the passage of vehicles. However, there is often a lack of necessary investigation and research on this part of the "dangerous bridge", which leads to the unclear degree of danger of the "dangerous bridge" and the weight grade of passing vehicles.
2. Measures to improve the maintenance level of highway bridges
2. 1 Raise awareness of bridge maintenance.
Bridge is an important part of trunk highway structure. Of course, the overall maintenance of trunk roads includes the maintenance of bridges. In terms of maintenance, it is necessary to overcome the tendency of "paying more attention to road surface than bridge maintenance" and strengthen the daily maintenance and repair of bridges. Insist on cleaning up the dirt on the bridge deck every day and dredge the drainage holes to avoid the occurrence of unclean bridge deck and water accumulation. According to the actual situation of the bridge, set the corresponding load sign. If there are any omissions or errors, they should be supplemented or replaced in time, so as to give correct tips to drivers in the past and eliminate potential safety hazards caused by improper sign setting. Once early diseases, such as railing defect, bump at bridge head, micro-cracks in bridge deck pavement, are found, corresponding maintenance measures should be taken immediately to eliminate the diseases or inhibit their further development, so as to avoid waiting until the diseases are seriously developed before reporting and taking measures, which can not only avoid causing greater damage to the bridge, but also save maintenance funds.
2.2 Establish a long-term bridge management mechanism, and designate a person to be responsible for the inspection and inspection of the bridge.
According to the requirements of the Code for Maintenance of Highway Bridges and Culverts, determine the inspection period of each bridge and make relevant records. It is necessary to establish maintenance files, systematically grasp the technical conditions of bridges, find defects and anomalies as early as possible, and put forward maintenance measures to ensure traffic safety and prolong the service life of bridges. First of all, we should establish an effective bridge management mechanism from the personnel. All grass-roots maintenance units should select qualified personnel as bridge engineers, keep them fixed for a long time, increase the training of bridge engineers, continuously improve their technical level and professional quality, and improve their ability to find and solve problems. Secondly, the investment in bridge inspection equipment should be strengthened, and bridge inspection personnel should be equipped with necessary inspection tools, such as crack width and depth detector, high-power telescope, feeler, ladder frame, FRP boat and so on. Ensure the effective development of inspection work. Thirdly, we should also establish a supervision mechanism for the operation of the bridge inspection system, keep abreast of the implementation of the bridge inspection system by grass-roots bridge maintenance units, and conduct spot checks on its accuracy. In short, we must always control the technical condition of the bridge to avoid sudden catastrophic events.
2.3 Establish and improve the bridge technical files, systematically manage the bridge technical data, and establish and save the bridge data files.
Bridge archives should include: engineering geological and hydrological exploration data, bridge design drawings, design change notices and other relevant design data; Inspection records and concealed works records of bridge construction, quality accident treatment records, factory certificates of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products, test and laboratory reports, settlement observation records, project completion drawings and other relevant construction documents; Settlement observation records, patrol inspection, regular inspection records, special inspection records, maintenance and reinforcement construction drawings, construction records, etc. in the bridge debugging stage should be sorted and filed one by one, and input into the bridge management system (cbms) as the basic data for computer system management. According to the change of bridge technology, it can be updated, supplemented and improved at any time to realize data sharing and provide reliable data support for daily bridge maintenance and repair.
2.4 Strictly control design and strengthen bridge maintenance and construction management.
The design of bridge reinforcement and reconstruction should be undertaken by units with corresponding qualifications and abilities, so as to increase the scientific and technological content of design and construction and improve the benefits of reinforcement and reconstruction. For the reinforcement and reconstruction design with large scale and complex technology, multiple schemes need to be compared and determined after expert review. Bridge design should be combined with route reconstruction plan. According to the grade of the reconstruction route, the bridge design and maintenance scheme are reasonably determined to avoid the "bottleneck" phenomenon. Bridge reinforcement and reconstruction construction should realize the project owner responsibility system, bidding system and project supervision system, and select construction and supervision units with corresponding qualifications and capabilities through bidding. During the construction, the construction unit, supervision unit and construction unit shall strictly control the project quality according to the requirements of technical specifications. Strive to "build one and ensure one" and avoid repeated maintenance.
3. Conclusion
With the rapid development of national economic construction and the increasing number of large transport vehicles, bridge maintenance management will face greater challenges. Only by constantly exploring and studying new ideas and new ways to improve the management and maintenance level of bridges can we be full of confidence, meet the challenges and ensure the smooth and safe use of bridges.
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