Cultivation techniques of Mora buffalo
Environment of Mora Buffalo
First of all, we should have a suitable living environment. In order to facilitate feeding, we usually build cattle farms in high-lying, dry and sunny places. Each beef cattle should be built according to 6 square meters, there should be a feeding area in front of the barn, and a fixed ration tank should be built to facilitate the cattle to eat. On the other hand, we should pay attention to the temperature construction of cowshed. In winter, we use plastic film to raise the temperature of cowshed, which is beneficial to the growth of cattle.
Feeding of Mola Buffalo
The feed is mainly green feed, supplemented by concentrated feed. Grass and feed should be sufficient and reasonably matched to meet the growth, development and production needs of buffalo; There are enough green substances at ordinary times, and some concentrate can be added when breastfeeding. Cattle should be fed with green forage as much as possible, and farmers can artificially plant green forage grasses such as hn-mc Youyou alfalfa and hn-mc Youyou rye. In addition to feeding grass in summer and autumn, grass can be dried into green hay or silage for cattle after harvest in autumn, and corn silage can also be planted to meet the perennial consumption of cattle, and other necessary nutritional feeds can be supplemented at the same time. To improve the efficiency of cattle raising, we should start with calf cultivation, especially in the first, second winter and spring feeding periods, so that its weight can reach about 300 kg at the age of 18 ~ 24 months, or more than 500 kg after short-term intensive fattening. After ammoniation, the crude protein content of rice straw and wheat straw can be increased, which can not only reduce the feeding cost, but also improve the economic benefit of raising cattle. Therefore, it is necessary to vigorously promote new straw treatment technologies such as straw silage, semi-dry storage and ammoniation, and promote grass and straw to raise cattle.
Mora buffalo pays attention to feeding techniques.
Farmers should pay attention to feeding technology and careful management when raising Mora buffalo. Feeding should be regular and quantitative, and feeding times should be less. Feed should be clean and fresh, free of impurities, and there should be a transition time of 1 week for changing feed, and sufficient drinking water should be ensured. Don't feed rotten, moldy or polluted feed and dirty and smelly water. Feed should be coarse first and then fine to stimulate appetite and increase food intake. The pulverized dry powder materials, such as wheat straw and corn straw, should be ammoniated first, then mixed with water, moistened with concentrate, and silage is better if possible. Feed fattening cattle three times a day in summer and autumn and twice a day in winter, and drink clean water after each feeding 1 hour. After cattle are kept in captivity, it takes 10- 15 days to adapt to the environment and feed. Feed mainly hay within 5 days after entering the house, add fattening feed after 5 days, and gradually transfer to fattening diet. Dietary matching is based on the daily nutritional requirement of each fattening cow, which depends on the weight, daily gain and feed variety of the cow.
Pest control of Mora buffalo
Finally, farmers should do a good job in expelling insects, strengthening stomach and preventing diseases. Treat the purchased cattle with anthelmintics to drive off the parasites inside and outside the body, and use 5-7mg of anti-vermiculite or 6-8mg of levamisole to drive off the parasites inside and outside the body according to the body weight, and use it after 3 days? Artificial salt? Strengthen the stomach. Newly purchased cattle should be quarantined, and the pens should be disinfected with lime milk or chlorpyrifos before entering the cattle. At the same time, the fence should be disinfected 1 time every 15 days. A disinfection pool is set at the entrance of the barn to prevent the introduction of pathogens.
Method for raise Mora buffalo
Cattle breed selection
Buffalo in the world can be divided into four categories: Indian buffalo, Pakistani buffalo, Mora buffalo and China buffalo. Among them, China Buffalo is mainly used for farm work, while Mora Buffalo and Indian Buffalo are both used for farm work and milking. At present, Mora buffalo is mostly used as milk buffalo in China. This buffalo has a high milk yield, with a milk ester content of 7? 05% or more (a prerequisite for processing ginger milk), with strong disease resistance and rough feeding resistance. When selecting young reserve cattle, Mola Buffalo with handsome face, strong physique, developed mammary glands and good appetite should be selected as reserve cattle.
Mating reproduction
At present, buffalo breeding mostly adopts local hybridization. Reserve buffaloes can mate when they reach sexual maturity, but mating is better when the third estrus comes, which affects the further development and growth of buffaloes too early and reduces the utilization rate of buffaloes too late. Pregnant cows that are not in estrus after mating should pay more attention to feeding management to prevent miscarriage. Buffalo enter lactation period after delivery, and the male cowboys they give birth to are generally eliminated except for breeding animals, while heifers are fed with milk substitutes alone.
Management of dry milk period
Cows enter the perinatal period after delivery. At this time, the focus of work should be to prolong the perinatal period and increase milk production. Grain concentrate can be added to the roughage, generally about 2 kg per head per day, and appropriate amount of soybean milk can be added. The routine operation is as follows: at five o'clock in the morning, feed is added; At about six o'clock, the cattle were dragged to the pond to clean and wipe their bodies; At seven o'clock, the first milking begins; Add feed at noon 12; At four o'clock in the afternoon, after the forage is added, repeat the work in the morning. Milking twice a day, feeding three times, during which sufficient forage should be supplied, generally about 120 kg per cow per day is appropriate. Perinatal management
After the perinatal period, cows enter the dry milk period. If the buffalo is pregnant in estrus, it should be weaned as early as possible to ensure the nutritional needs of the fetus. At the same time, pay attention to the recovery of the physical condition of dairy cows, which is convenient for fetal development. But the most taboo is sudden weaning, because suddenly stopping milking will often lead to the accumulation of milk, which will lead to the redness and swelling of the cow's head, and it is easy to cause mastitis because of the invasion of other germs.
disease control
Buffalo seldom get sick because of its strong tolerance to coarseness and disease resistance, so veterinary work seems dispensable. At the same time, due to the neglect of veterinary work, the monitoring of dairy cow diseases is weak, and the hygiene of its product quality is questionable. This is a problem that should be paid attention to in breeding water cows in the future.
Breeding prospect of Mora buffalo
In order to accelerate the development of dairy production, the Indian government has gradually increased its investment in buffalo industry since the mid-1960s, and established the National Dairy Development Committee in June. And the national dairy Committee has formulated a grand plan for the development of dairy industry, also known as? Flood plan? , that is, will? Drop by drop? Milk is collected from thousands of households in rural areas and formed in processing plants? Flood? . The plan aims to promote the development of rural dairy industry, organize effective acquisition, transportation, processing, sales and management systems, and establish a nationwide sales network. The plan has been implemented in three stages for more than 20 years.
During the implementation of the whole plan, the Indian government gained a lot of foreign aid through active efforts. During the first period from 1970 to 1979, the Dairy Committee seized the opportunity of milk surplus in Europe in the late 1960s and won126,000 tons of skimmed milk powder and 42,000 tons of butter donated by the United Nations World Food Programme, with a value of 1 164. 56638.8666666606 The third flood plan was implemented from 1987 to 1994, and the required funds came from the loan of 350 million won from the Indian government to the World Bank and some domestic investments.
Due to the increase of a large amount of investment, the realization of the flood plan for dairy development has been ensured, and the infrastructure construction for dairy development has been strengthened, especially the all-inclusive service system for dairy production, acquisition, processing, transportation and sales has been continuously improved. India has successfully developed the dairy industry and formed? The white revolution? Magnificent.
Gaotou people have achieved higher output and become the second largest milk producer in the world. Its torrent plan is recognized as the most successful and standardized dairy development plan in the world. In addition, farmers can benefit from the acquisition and processing of fresh milk, such as paying farmers a reasonable price when purchasing fresh milk, and farmers who join the dairy cooperative can get a certain bonus every year. These measures have supported the development of dairy production to a certain extent and fully mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers to develop dairy production.
Breeding management technology of breeding cattle
After pregnancy, dairy cows not only need nutrition for their own growth and development, but also meet the nutritional needs of fetal growth and development, and accumulate nutrition for postpartum lactation. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the feeding management of pregnant cows so that they can calve and breastfeed normally.
Strengthen the feeding of pregnant cows. In the early stage of pregnancy, cows are generally fed as empty cows, and nutrition should be strengthened in the last 2 ~ 3 months of pregnancy. The nutrition of dairy cows in this period directly affects the growth of the fetus and its own nutrition accumulation. If it is a captive pregnant cow, the diet formula should be adjusted according to the increase of pregnancy months to increase the amount of nutrients. For pregnant cattle grazing, we should choose high-quality pasture, extend grazing time, and supplement 1 ~ 2kg concentrate every day after grazing. At the same time, attention should be paid to prevent pregnant cows from being overweight, especially newborn cows, and to prevent overfeeding and dystocia.