I. Fund management
Fund management is a general term for socialist countries to plan, control, supervise and evaluate the source and use of state-owned enterprises' funds. An important part of financial management. Fund management includes fixed fund management, circulating fund management and special fund management.
In the risk market, by limiting the proportion of a single investment; To control risk. Common fund management strategy: pyramid fund management. Equal proportion fund management.
"Cash is king" has always been regarded as the central idea of enterprise fund management. The cash flow management level of an enterprise is often the key to its survival. Facing the increasingly fierce market competition, the living environment faced by enterprises is complex and changeable. Only by improving the management level of enterprise cash flow can we reasonably control business risks, improve the utilization efficiency of the overall funds of enterprises, and thus continuously accelerate the development of enterprises themselves. Investment decision-making and planning, establish a responsibility system for the use and management of funds, inspect and supervise the use of funds, and assess the use of funds. The main purposes of management are: organizing the supply of funds to ensure uninterrupted production and business activities; Continuously improve the efficiency of capital utilization and save money; Put forward suggestions and measures for rational use of funds to promote the improvement of production, technology and management.
Two. Measures for the administration of financial funds
(1) Reasonable demand for approved funds. Enterprises should take both needs and economy as the basic principle and adopt advanced and reasonable calculation methods to determine reasonable capital demand. Reasonable capital demand can be realized by preparing cash budget. The contents of cash budget include cash income, cash expenditure, calculation of cash surplus and deficit, financing scheme of insufficient part, utilization scheme of excess part, etc.
(2) Determine the financing plan. After the capital demand is determined, it is necessary to determine how to raise the required funds. The financing scheme can be solved in the following ways: on the one hand, from the internal point of view, enterprises try to sell in cash or take the way of receiving the bill first and then delivering it, so as to shorten the account period of accounts receivable and collect the money in time; Organize production according to the ordered quantity, and rationally allocate raw materials, auxiliary materials and production workers; Deal with the backlog of materials as soon as possible, and deal with idle, expired and unused fixed assets in time; Saving costs means increasing profits.
(3) Establish a mechanism to ensure the benefit of capital investment and do a good job in the management of capital sources. Decision-making mistakes are an important reason for inefficient or even ineffective funds. The financial department of an enterprise should change the current practice of comprehensive processing of internal value information, collect useful information from outside the enterprise, actively study the market, and consciously participate in the calculation and demonstration of enterprise technology-funded projects; Considering the time value and risk value of money, accurately compare the investment return rate and financing cost rate of the project to ensure the financial budget of the project; Under the premise of fully considering the solvency of enterprises, try to raise enough project construction funds to prevent quick success and instant benefit. Strengthen the financial supervision of projects under construction, track and evaluate the effect of the use of funds for the project, establish a project decision-making responsibility system, and put an end to the phenomenon of collective decision-making, collective responsibility, and ultimately no one is responsible.
(4) Establish a restraint mechanism to optimize the capital structure and do a good job in the structural management of funds. The financial department must use the financial calculation method to determine the capital structure of the best purchase and deposit point, strengthen the financial department's regulation and control of capital operation, classify customers according to risk categories, correctly estimate and grasp the credit quality of customers, establish a financial analysis system of customer credit risk, supervise the implementation of the sales responsibility system, and prevent "wasting people and money" for sales or even for a certain purpose; The financial department should always "consult" the deviation of capital operation and implement strategic capital structure adjustment in time.
(5) Establish a living but not chaotic fund circulation mechanism and do a good job in fund flow management. In order to ensure the "full load" high-speed operation of funds, the financial department should conduct unified management, centralized scheduling and paid use of enterprise funds. It is necessary to further improve the unified management of existing funds such as internal banks, simulate bank settlement with internal funds, and expand the content of capital cost accounting. To standardize the financing behavior of enterprises, the financial department should overcome the phenomenon of attaching importance to commodity credit but neglecting capital credit, maintain a good financing reputation, and form a benign situation of borrowing-returning-borrowing.
(six) the establishment of fund compensation accumulation mechanism, do a good job in the follow-up management of the fund. (1) The financial department should monitor the diversion of enterprise funds to prevent excessive diversion to wages, benefits and unproductive investments. (2) Formulating the after-tax profit distribution policy of enterprises reasonably, and using it as far as possible for enterprises to expand reproduction and promote their self-rolling development; (3) The financial department should conscientiously implement the capital preservation system and supervise and manage the capital.