Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China has successively established some physical geological databases, which belong to different departments and regions and have different management conditions.
The Ministry of Petroleum Industry has played a leading role in the management of physical geological data. Daqing Oilfield, Shengli Oilfield, Liaohe Oilfield, Karamay Oilfield and Tarim Oilfield have all established core banks with different scales and advanced equipment. Among them, Daqing Oilfield has the largest number of core banks, with a total of four, with a construction area of 1 150 m2. At present, 20057 boxes of cores and cuttings from 2872 wells are stored. Most core and cuttings samples are sorted and filed according to the drilling catalogue, which can be searched manually and the experimental samples can be detected and analyzed. The core bank of Tarim Oilfield in Korla, Xinjiang is the most advanced in China, and its equipment is also in the leading position in the world, which basically realizes three-dimensional, mechanized and information management. However, the physical data stored in the oil core library is not open to the public, and the secondary utilization rate is low, so the value of the core has not been fully developed and utilized.
In addition, the management of physical geological data in most other provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and other basic geological exploration units is backward, the equipment is outdated, most permanent core warehouses are in disrepair, the roofs of many warehouses have collapsed, and the core boxes are corroded, moth-eaten and seriously damaged. The core samples in stock are piled up in disorder, some are only physical objects without labels, some are only labeled without physical objects, and some cores are labeled but confused and difficult to identify. Moreover, some simple warehouses, open-pit piles or shallow-buried cores are almost all lost or damaged, and the value of reuse is lost. For example, Hebei Geological and Mineral Exploration Corporation (formerly known as Hebei Geological and Mineral Exploration Brigade) was completely destroyed in one day due to the change of unit functions, and the comprehensive data of 3 10 rock mass system collected in the past ten years. Due to the lack of financial support and other guarantee conditions, the core warehouse in Baima vanadium-titanium magnetite area of Miyi, Sichuan Province collapsed completely, and 30,000 m cores were lost and damaged. A fire broke out in Duobaoshan super-large copper mine 1972 in Heilongjiang Province, which destroyed the core of 50,000 m copper mine and caused incalculable economic losses to the country.
The main reasons for the above phenomenon are: first, in recent years, geological and mineral institutions have carried out reforms, and the geological prospecting team has changed to enterprise management; However, the government has basically not invested in the management of physical geological data, and the grassroots geological prospecting team lacks funds, which is almost equal to keeping physical geological data for the country free of charge. In addition, the physical inventory has not been carefully screened when it is put into storage, which leads to the situation that the inventory is too large and the utilization rate is relatively low. Retaining these physical geological data will not bring direct economic benefits to the grassroots geological exploration management units, but will invest some manpower and material resources to manage these physical data, which is undoubtedly worse for the depressed grassroots geological exploration units. Second, the management of physical geological data has not formed a hierarchical management system, which can not fully mobilize the enthusiasm of local grassroots geological prospecting units, leading to irresponsible and passive management of managers.
Second, the present situation of foreign physical geological data management
With the development of geological industry into a real high-tech industry, many developed countries in the world pay more and more attention to the acquisition, storage, development and utilization of physical geological data. At present, many countries have not only established relatively perfect management systems, but also adopted many modern scientific information technologies. For example, the core research center established by USGS 1974 in Denver is the largest public core library in the United States at present, with a large capacity (about 6.5438+0.4 million feet of cores and cuttings come from oil exploration and development boreholes and some special drilling and mining) and a wide range of coring (cores and cuttings from 3.65438+0 states in China). It has high utilization rate (more than 2,000 scientists, engineers and college students from all over the world visit the core library every year), complete functions (it can provide core analysis, fluid analysis such as water and hydrocarbons, drilling detection data, oil and gas production and storage data, and destructive experiments), and rich inventory (the core library stores various forms of core information, such as core information of Eniwetok Atoll, Box Valley, California, Yellowstone National Park and coastal drilling, and is drilling).
In addition, each state in the United States has established its own state core database, which mainly stores the physical and geological data generated in the state. For example, the core library and database built in Mercury, Nevada, stores 2 million feet of cores and cuttings, mainly geological, hydrological and geophysical data collected by the US Department of Energy in supporting the national defense and environmental plan of Nevada experimental city. Utah Core Research Center established by Utah Geological Survey has a building area of 13000 square feet, and stores oil exploration cores, mineral exploration cores, geothermal exploration cores, engineering projects (such as highways) cores, geological disaster cores, etc. The underground oil and gas core bank in New Mexico is currently under construction, with a planned investment of US$ 654.38+US$ 200,000, which is mainly used to store cores, cuttings, drilling data, sample descriptions, geological reports and original geological data that are indispensable for exploration in New Mexico. It is planned to provide short-term training for personnel and college students engaged in core research, geological and geophysical software development. The physical inventory of core banks in American States mainly comes from donations from individuals or large companies. The funds to maintain the daily management of core banks mainly rely on donations from individuals or companies, so almost all core banks in these States are public welfare. Except for some confidential cores, the public can test the physical objects in stock for free. Sampling or testing core cuttings requires only a small fee. All visitors to the core library can use the testing equipment of the core library for free (but some core libraries encourage visitors to bring their own equipment). The person in charge of the core library is mainly responsible for the daily management and long-term strategic planning of the core library. Technicians are mainly responsible for core processing and field laboratory, assisting users to detect cores. Each state has its own strict regulations on the management mode, number of personnel, warehouse equipment, core extraction, transfer and reduction of its own core library. The core banks in each state have established computer networks, and remote States can connect with each other. Users can search or browse inventory data by computer according to key words such as state, county, operator, location and geological age. Most of them have realized three-dimensional, mechanized and information management.
In addition to the United States, Canada, Australia and other developed countries have also established large-scale, high-starting, advanced equipment and high-tech core databases or physical geological databases. These core databases and physical geological databases have promoted the development of China's geological industry to varying degrees and played an inestimable role in promoting China's economic development.
Third, the significance of unified management of physical geological data
Physical geological data refer to cores, various specimens, optical slices, samples, etc. Formed in geological work. It involves scientific drilling, marine survey, polar exploration, aerospace research and other different fields, and is a valuable asset of the country. It plays an inestimable role in the progress of human society and the development of national science and technology. In recent years, with the deepening of geological survey and mineral exploration in China, more and more physical geological data have been produced, including many representative and special precious physical geological data. However, due to various conditions and reasons, the physical geological data obtained by these countries with huge investment are in a state of no protection and management, resulting in the loss and damage of a large number of physical geological data. In order to preserve the damaged and threatened physical geological data, so that it can be preserved for a long time and used by researchers in industry, research institutes and universities, and at the same time provide services to those units and individuals who need these cores for mining but lack funds, the construction of the National Physical Geological Data Center is of great significance.
Fourthly, the collection of physical geological data.
In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the socialist market economic system, the geological prospecting team has gradually changed to localized management and enterprise management, which has brought great difficulties to core collection. In order to collect the physical geological data scattered in the hands of different departments, units and individuals, especially those that are representative, typical and reflect important special geological phenomena, and bring them into the scope of unified national management, first of all, local competent departments and grassroots geological prospecting units should submit geological data including physical objects according to the Regulations on Geological Data Management issued by the State Council on July 1 2002. Those who fail to pay within the time limit will be fined between 10,000 yuan and 50,000 yuan according to Article 21 of Chapter IV of the Regulations on the Management of Geological Data, and their exploration and mining rights will be notified or cancelled, and they may not undertake geological work projects funded by the state. Secondly, the source of funds has changed after the grass-roots geological prospecting units implemented enterprise management. If it is a state-funded project, it is not a big problem to collect physical geological data, but if it is the physical geological data obtained by individual enterprise investors in the course of their work, the collection resistance will be great, especially the expensive transportation fee may dampen their enthusiasm for collecting physical data. Therefore, in order to better attract grassroots geological prospecting units and investors to submit valuable physical data, the state or physical geological data center should give certain preferential conditions to the submitting units or individuals: if possible, the submitting party is not required to bear the cost of transporting cores; Provide them with accommodation at the lowest price; When the remitter needs other cores, it is not charged for taking and testing, but it can be required to submit a thin core sample or a copy of the test report; Within a certain scope of use, they are allowed to copy drilling data, sample descriptions and other materials in stock free of charge. Provide the remitter with other physical geological data or information needed in the work at the most favorable price, assist the remitter to complete other related work, meet the requirements of the remitter to the greatest extent, establish friendly and cooperative relations with the remitter, attract the remitter to remit typical and representative physical data, and make these precious data best preserved and effectively used twice.
Development and utilization of verb (verb abbreviation) physical geological data
To build a large-scale physical and geological data center with a high starting point and modern storage, display and provision of equipment and technology, the state needs to invest a huge amount of money. In addition, maintaining the daily management of the physical and geological data center also requires some manpower and material resources. If these inventory items are not fully and reasonably reused, it will cause great waste to the country. Therefore, we must adopt modern advanced scientific management technology and serve the society wholeheartedly. We will do our best to improve the utilization rate of physical stock, encourage all individuals or groups interested in physical geological data from all walks of life to visit our core library, allow them to observe, detect and sample physical stock, and provide them with experimental equipment, such as binocular microscope, core saw, camera, detection equipment and experimental space.
The Physical Information Center can also organize large-scale academic exchanges, such as technical exchange meetings of geological departments, individual special reports of experts and geologists in the oil and gas industry, graduation defense meetings of college students, and expert argumentation meetings of national scientific research projects. Let precious physical geological data play its potential role in future land and resources investigation, environmental protection, geological disasters and national economic construction.