1. Design concept: AlanTuring is a British mathematician, logician and cryptographer, and is known as the founder of computer science. The concept of Turing Machine is put forward as an abstract model to measure the reversibility of any calculation process. The core idea of Turing Machine is that an ideal computer should have an infinitely long paper tape, on which input symbols of any length can be placed. The computer scans the paper tape from left to right and processes each symbol. When a specific stop symbol is scanned, the computer will stop running. This design laid the foundation for the later development of computers. JohnvonNeumann is a famous American mathematician and physicist, and is known as "the father of modern computers". Participated in the development of atomic bombs during World War II, and devoted himself to the research of computer science after the war. Von Neumann put forward a new computer design idea, namely Von Neumann structure. This structure divides the computer into five main parts: arithmetic unit, controller, memory, input device and output device. This structure makes the computer design more modular and easy to expand and maintain.
2. Differences in performance: Because the design concept of Turing machine is based on paper tape and finite state automata, its processing power is limited in physics, and it is impossible to realize a real general-purpose computer. However, the introduction of Turing machine provided a theoretical basis for the later development of computers, which enabled the rapid development of computer science. The computer with Von Neumann structure has obvious advantages in performance. Because of its modular design, each component can be upgraded and expanded as needed, thus improving the overall performance. In addition, the Von Neumann structure also introduces the concept of stored program, which enables computers to execute instructions more effectively.
3. Differences in application fields: Because the design concept of Turing machine is limited by paper tape and finite state automata, it is limited in practical application. The introduction of Turing machine has laid a foundation for the development of computer science and enabled computers to be widely used in various fields. The computer with von Neumann structure has achieved great success in practical application. Since the 1940s, computers with Von Neumann structure have become an indispensable part of modern society, and have been widely used in scientific research, engineering design, financial management and other fields.
Turing machine and Von Neumann structure are great achievements designed by two outstanding giants in the history of computer science. There are significant differences in design concept and performance between them, which have made great contributions to the development of modern computers. It is with the efforts of these pioneers that we can enjoy the convenience and efficiency brought by modern computers.