Among them, Angola's Da Takula oil region includes four offshore oil fields, namely Takkula, Wamba, Niubi and Wuke, which are located 40 kilometers off the coast of Cabinda with a water depth of 50-70 meters. The current production level of the oil region is 177000 barrels of 34 API oil per day. 197 1 The first well was drilled on the horst structure determined by the seismic data, and 5600 barrels/day of oil flow was obtained from the lower Cretaceous carbonate rocks. It was not until 1979 that more important oil accumulations were found in the sandstone of the Vier Merha Formation in the Semenonian period. The four oil fields in the oil region are mainly produced from Vermel Hasan sandstone. The deposition of Vermel Ha formation is controlled by shovel normal fault activity and salt movement. The total trap area of Verme Ha reservoir in four oilfields is about 1 14 square kilometers, and the highest oil column height is 440 inches. In recent years, due to the comprehensive analysis and research on the geological, geophysical and engineering data of these four oil fields, the oil recovery rate has been effectively improved. 1966 drilled the first well in Cabinda Bay, and soon discovered Marongo Oilfield. At present, 14 oil fields have been discovered and put into production in Cabinda offshore, among which Takkula oil field is the largest.
According to the economic report of Angola in 2005, Angola's oil reserves should be 20 billion to 22.8 billion barrels. According to the current average annual production increase ratio, it can be mined until 2040. From 2000 to 2005, Angola's oil production increased by 10% annually on average. From 2005 to 20 10, the average annual growth rate will rise to 16.8%.
The increase in Angola's oil production mainly comes from the discovery and production of oil fields in deep sea areas. In 1980s, with the discovery of some large oil storage areas in the deep-sea area of the mouth of the Congo River, the proven oil reserves increased greatly. In the 1990s, rich oil fields were discovered in the Kwanza estuary and Benguela Bay in the south of Luanda. Angola's oil exploration and development structure has gradually developed from land and shallow sea to deep sea.
Oil exploration and exploitation in Angola began in the early 20th century, but by the 1970s, its daily crude oil output was less than 654.38 million barrels.
The first oil exploration concession was awarded to Portuguese authorities in 19 10, but commercial production did not start.
By 1956, Angola Petroleum Company began to conduct geological exploration in the North Kuanza River basin. The company later discovered onshore oil fields in the Congo River basin and became the largest operator of onshore oil fields combined with Texaco and Ango. Almost at the same time, Cabinda Gulf Oil Company (Cabgoc), a subsidiary of American Gulf Oil Company, began exploration in Cabinda area, and 1954 and 1968 started production, with the output increasing to 2.5 million tons, 1969 to 8.2 million tons, and the export volume was 1973. The export value of petroleum products is almost twice as high as that of 12 due to the extra income from the oil price increase in 1973. 1In the early 1980s, crude oil output declined slightly due to the decrease in investment. By 1983, the output rebounded, and then it continued to refresh the output record.
1975, after Angola gained national independence from Portuguese colonial rule, it declared that all oil resources were owned by the state, promulgated the oil law, and established the Ministry of Oil and the national oil company. This provided legal guarantee for attracting more foreign oil companies to enter Angola, and Angola's oil industry has developed rapidly since then.
According to the authorization of the government, the Angolan national oil company signed a joint venture agreement and a production sharing agreement with foreign companies. National oil companies set up concession areas in coastal continental shelf waters for foreign oil companies to lease and develop oil. Despite the constant wars in Angola, the oil-producing areas are mainly distributed in the sea and under the control of the government, and the oil production has been slightly disturbed, and the crude oil output has increased rapidly, reaching 800,000 barrels per day by the beginning of 2 1 century.
Since 1980s, Angola's oil exploration and exploitation activities have gradually shifted to deep-sea areas, and the number of concession areas in its territorial waters has increased to 34. In the 1990s, rich oil fields were discovered in the Kwanza estuary and Benguela Bay in the south of Luanda.
At the beginning of 2 1 century, some ultra-deep sea concession areas with water depth exceeding 1500m also made breakthroughs in oil development. Some experts commented that the development of ultra-deep-sea oil areas has brought new growth highlights to Angola's oil production. In the next few years, the focus of Angola's oil production will be in the ultra-deep sea area. At present, Angola National Oil Company has increased the offshore oil concession area to 74 blocks.
With the deepening of deep-sea oil development, Cabinda, an old oil area, still maintains a high yield. Cabinda province is located in the north of the mouth of the Congo River in western Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean in the west. Its south, east and north are connected with Congo (DRC) and Congo (Brazzaville) respectively. It is an enclave in Angola with an area of about 7,270 square kilometers. In 1950s, after the discovery of oil in shallow sea of Cabinda, the oil production there has been in a leading position in Angola, accounting for almost 70% of the total national output.
According to BP World Energy Statistics, by the end of 2002, Angola's remaining recoverable oil reserves were 700 million tons. Oil production increased significantly, from 6.4 million tons in 1982 to 44.6 million tons in 2002, with an average annual growth rate of10/9% (Figure 28-2).
Figure 28-2 Oil Production Change Diagram of Angola
In recent years, the Angolan government has stepped up offshore exploration, especially deep-sea exploration. Under the production sharing contract system, Sonangol, the national oil company, used direct negotiation to attract foreign companies to explore in deep-sea blocks. Since 1993, Angola has signed the 19 block with foreign companies in the form of production sharing contracts.
At present, there are more than 30 oil and gas companies operating in Angola. The main companies are Chevron, Total, Shell and BP.
The discovery and production of offshore oil make Angola a hot spot for oil exploration in Africa, second only to the Sahara region. The quality of crude oil in Angola is generally good. Angola's crude oil is mainly exported to the United States, but also exported to Europe, Latin America and Asia.
Angola's economy is highly dependent on its offshore oil industry. Offshore oil industry accounts for more than 60% of Angola's GDP and nearly 90% of government revenue.
Angola is the second largest oil producer in sub-Saharan Africa after Nigeria, and most of its crude oil production comes from the offshore area of Cabinda. Crude oil reserves are also distributed on the land around Mei Jie, the Kwanza Basin in the north of Luanda and the offshore of the north coast.
Cabinda is a province in the northwest of Angola, which is similar to the Niger Delta in Nigeria. 70% of Angola's oil production and almost all its foreign exchange earnings depend on cabinda province's oil production.
Sonangol was founded in 1976 and is responsible for offshore and onshore oil production. 1978, the oil and gas law was passed, and the Angolan national oil company was awarded the sole holder of exploration and exploitation rights. There are two ways to cooperate with foreign companies: joint venture and product sharing contract. The most famous foreign oil companies operating in Angola are Chevron Texaco, Total Fina Elf and ExxonMobil.
Since 1980, Angola's crude oil output has increased by nearly 400%. The average daily output of crude oil in 2000 was 746,000 barrels. The main crude oil production in Angola comes from Cabinda Zero Block (Block A, Block B and Block C). CABGOC, a subsidiary of Chevron Texaco, is the operator of Block 0 oilfield, accounting for 39.2% of the joint venture company. Other partners include: Angolan national oil company, 465,438+0%, Total Fina Elf, 65,438+00%, Ajip, 9.8%. By further developing the oil field and increasing the oil recovery rate, it is expected that the daily output of Zero Zone will be maintained or may be increased to 600,000 barrels. CABGOC plans to invest nearly $4 billion in oilfield development in the next few years.
CABGOC is also the operator of Angola's first deepwater production block. On June 5438+ 10, 2000, the company announced that it would exploit the oil in Kuitto Oilfield in 14 block. After signing the contract 15 months, the first barrel of oil was produced from Kuitto Oilfield, which is the shortest production cycle of similar projects in sub-Saharan Africa. The initial output of Kuitto Oilfield is 80,000 barrels per day, and the highest target is 654.38+10,000 barrels per day. Many other oil fields have been discovered in 14 block. The equity distribution of 14 block is as follows: CABGOC accounts for 3 1%, Angola National Oil Company accounts for 20%, Ajipu accounts for 20%, Total Fina Elf accounts for 20% and Petrogal accounts for 9%.
Chevron Texaco is also the operator of Block 2, Block 80 and Block 85. The daily output of crude oil is about 90,000 barrels. In Block 2, Chevron Texaco holds 20% of the shares, and its partners are Petrobras (27.5%), Total Fina Elf (27.5%) and Angolan National Oil Company (25%).
Block 3 is the second largest oil producing area in Angola (about 654.38+500,000 barrels per day), located on the northern coast. Total Fina Elf Company is the operator of Block 3, accounting for 53.34% of the shares, and its partners are Ajipu (accounting for 16%), Mitsubishi (accounting for 13.33%), Angolan National Oil Company (accounting for 6.67%), Nafta Pulin (accounting for 5.33%) and Na.
Two shallow water oil fields located in Block 4 are also in production. Canadian Natural Resources Company (formerly Ranger Oil Company) operates Kiame Oilfield with a daily output of nearly 7,000 barrels; Angola's national oil company operates and wholly owns Kiabo Oilfield, with a daily output of nearly 4,500 barrels. Kiame and Kiabo oil fields are the only productive oil fields in Angola that are not operated by large foreign oil companies.
By 2004, Angola's daily crude oil output doubled to 654.38+400,000 barrels. However, the Angolan government is currently considering plans to limit oil production as part of a strategy to extend the life of the country's huge oil reserves. Since 1996, 26 large oil fields have been discovered in Angola, almost all of which are located in the offshore deep water area of Cabinda. The discovered oil fields are estimated to have billions of barrels of oil reserves, which has stimulated western companies to strengthen offshore oil exploration in Angola and other countries in Central and West Africa.
1 In April, 1997, Cabinda Gulf Oil Company, a subsidiary of Chevron Texaco, discovered Kuitto Oilfield in the offshore deepwater area of Cabinda, with the estimated recoverable reserves of10 to 2 billion barrels. Angolan national oil company (Sonangol) announced that Kuitto Oilfield, as the only oilfield currently producing in deep water, has a production capacity of 50,000 barrels per day.
Total Fina Elf has discovered several oil fields in the 17 block in the deepwater area in the northwest of Luanda. Girassol Oilfield was discovered in 1996, with a water depth of 4,500 feet and estimated recoverable reserves of 700 million to 2 billion barrels. The oilfield began to produce oil in 200 1 year. In August 2000, the company announced the discovery of another new oil field, Perpetual- 1, in the 17 block, which was the first 10 oil field successfully discovered by the company.
In 2000, oil was discovered in nine oil wells off the coast of Angola. Esso, a subsidiary of ExxonMobil, announced the discovery of oil in the No.7, No.8 and No.9 wells in the deepwater block 15 in the northwest of Luanda.
In June, 2000 +065438+ 10, the Angolan Minister of Petroleum announced that the Angolan government would slow down the pace of oil project development, so as to prolong the life of oil fields and reduce the expected production growth. In view of the oil discoveries in several deepwater blocks in Angola, a multi-stage development plan has been formulated.
Angola's downstream oil infrastructure is seriously inadequate, and it is eager to attract foreign companies to invest downstream.
Angola's natural gas reserves are estimated to be10.6 trillion cubic feet. This new discovery may increase Angola's proven natural gas reserves to 95,000 cubic feet, or even as high as 25 trillion cubic feet. Nearly 85% of natural gas produced in Angola is discharged and burned, and the rest is re-injected to improve oil recovery. Angola accounts for 30% of the total natural gas emitted and burned in Africa. The Angolan government is formulating a strategy to reduce the emission and combustion of natural gas and improve its commercial utilization. Used to treat liquefied gas. Chevron Texaco and Angola's national oil company have agreed to work out a plan to develop liquefied gas, which will convert natural gas from offshore oil fields into liquefied gas and then export it. The processing plant will process the natural gas produced in offshore 1, 2, 3, 4, 15, 16, 17 and 18 blocks.
In 2008, Angolan Oil Company and Italian Eni Oil Company jointly announced the discovery of oil in the deep-sea block 15/06, with the reservoir depth 127 m, water depth 142 1 m and vertical depth below the water surface of the block 15/06.
In recent years, due to the success of several foreign oil companies in deep-sea exploration in Angola, the daily oil production in Angola has increased from 770,000 barrels in199 to 201790,000 barrels. The daily output of oil contributed by deep-sea areas accounts for 59% of Angola's total daily output (819000 barrels), while the daily output of 1998 only increased by 0.4%. Kuitto Oilfield is located in 14 block, mainly developed in 1999, which was put into production in June of the same year and operated by Chevron Company. From 2000 to 2005, Angola's oil production increased by 10%, and began to decline in 2006. In 2005, the daily oil output reached 6,543,800+500,000 barrels. At present, Angola has drilled 33 exploratory wells and found 2 1 well. Some oil companies pin their hopes on the deep-sea 3 1-34 block. In 200 1-2002, 1 exploratory well was drilled there. At present, Block 34 has not signed a contract with foreign oil companies, but Blocks 3 1, 32 and 33 have been owned by BP Amoco, Elf Aquitaine and Exxon respectively. In 2005, its daily deepwater output exceeded 600,000 barrels, accounting for 80% of the deepwater output in West Africa.
In June 2009, Angola ranked first in Africa with an average daily crude oil output of 6,543,820 barrels in the ranking of oil production of member countries published by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Angola's oil production mainly comes from deep-sea oil development, and political stability and social stability are the guarantee of growth. With the development of this situation, the daily output of crude oil in Angola will soon reach 2 million barrels, which is the great development of offshore oil!