First, electrical accidents.
1. Electrical accidents are accidents caused by electric energy acting on human body or out of control, that is, accidents directly related to electric energy. Electrical accidents will interrupt people's normal activities and may cause personal injury and damage to equipment and facilities. Errors in management, planning, design, installation, testing, operation, maintenance and operation may lead to electrical accidents. According to the basic elements of accidents, electrical accidents can be divided into five categories: electric shock accidents, electrostatic accidents, lightning disasters, radio frequency hazards and circuit failures.
2. The premise of emergency treatment and prevention of accidents is to be able to make a correct judgment on the accident and judge whether the power failure is caused by the power supply system or the internal equipment failure of users.
3. When taking isolation measures for emergency treatment of accidents, we should be considerate, eliminate the root causes of accidents, remove the threat to personal and equipment safety, and prevent other power supply systems from restoring power supply due to unclear isolation of fault locations, which will affect the operation safety of power supply systems.
4. The treatment and prevention of accidents focus on the performance of the accident itself, paying special attention to the flexible action of relay protection and automatic devices. The working conditions of electrical components of circuit breakers and transformers, whether the power supply and voltage are normal, and the inspection of electrical equipment such as fall insurance should avoid omissions to prevent misjudgment accidents.
Second, the power loss.
1. Indirect power outage loss
Indirect loss of users caused by power failure. For example: interruption of water supply system, traffic jam, disorder of life and work, disturbance of public order or suspension of social activities, and users putting in standby power supply to avoid the impact of power failure.
2. Direct power loss
User losses directly caused by power failure. For example, stop production, reduce production, damage or idleness of production equipment, waste or idleness of manpower, loss of raw materials, deterioration of food or medicine, interruption of computer service or information transmission, commercial activities or traffic interruption, etc.
Third, preventive measures.
(1) In most cases, electrical damage accidents such as personal electric shock are caused by insulation failure to eliminate equipment defects in time. Electrical professionals need to conduct insulation tests before using electrical equipment. Generally speaking, a megger is used to measure the insulation resistance of lines or equipment with rated voltage below 500 volts. According to the data, a megger (shaking table) with 500 volts or 1000 volts should be used. Insulation resistance test can limit the leakage current of electrical equipment in a small range, thus preventing electric shock accidents caused by leakage. Electrical equipment should be tested and inspected before use, so as to find problems in time and avoid accidents;
(2) The electrical equipment is overloaded for a long time, resulting in electrical short circuit, which leads to power failure caused by short circuit. There are many reasons for short circuit, but the main reason is that all electrical equipment in each line must be equipped with protective appliances, such as fuses, over-current tripping devices, thermal relays, thermal tripping devices and over-current relays. The reasonable configuration of protective appliances can avoid the equipment from being damaged under various abnormal faults. Protective appliances can automatically cut off the power supply, which plays a certain role in protecting lines and equipment;
(3) In industrial enterprises, some special environments and places, such as inflammable and explosive places, should understand their characteristics. In flammable and explosive places, the heat of current and sparks or arcs of current are the direct causes of accidents when electrical equipment is running. Comprehensive measures must be taken to prevent accidents, including selecting reasonable electrical equipment, protecting necessary fire-proof spacing, keeping electrical equipment running normally, maintaining good ventilation, adopting fire-proof facilities, installing good protective devices and other technical preventive measures.
Legal basis:
People's Republic of China (PRC) electricity method
Twenty-ninth power supply enterprises should continue to supply power to users without interruption when the power generation and power supply system is normal. Due to the maintenance of power supply facilities, power restriction according to law or illegal use of electricity by users. When China and Singapore need power supply, the power supply enterprise shall notify the users in advance in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state. Users who have objections to the interruption of power supply by power supply enterprises may complain to the power management department: the power management department that accepts the complaint shall handle it according to law.
Fifty-ninth electric power enterprises or users violate the power supply contract. If losses are caused to the other party, it shall be liable for compensation according to law.