How to run a company?
The meaning and function of 1 and (1) enterprises.
(2) The meaning and characteristics of limited liability company and joint stock limited company.
A limited liability company is an enterprise legal person established by two or more shareholders with a capital contribution of less than 50 * * *. Shareholders are liable to the company to the extent of their capital contribution, and the company is liable to the company's debts with all its assets.
A joint stock limited company is an enterprise legal person established by a certain number of shareholders, and all its capital is divided into equal shares. Shareholders are liable for the company to the extent of their shares, and the company is liable for its debts with all its assets.
Whether it is a limited liability company or a joint stock limited company, it is an enterprise legal person established according to law; Shareholders bear limited liability; The company is liable for debts with all its assets. The organization of the company consists of three parts: decision-making body, executive body and supervision body; The company has a name, articles of association, etc. At the same time, there are obvious differences between the two companies. Please refer to the textbook P4 1. Namely:
(3) the connection and difference between a limited liability company and a joint stock limited company
(4) the organizational structure of the company
The organizations of limited liability companies and joint stock limited companies are basically composed of three parts: decision-making bodies, executive bodies and supervision bodies. Among them, the shareholders' meeting and its elected board of directors are the decision-making bodies of the company, which handle major business management matters of the company. The general manager and his assistants form the executive body of the company and are responsible for the daily operation of the company. The board of supervisors is the supervisory body of the company, which supervises the work of the board of directors and the manager. Clear responsibilities and checks and balances among these institutions can effectively improve the company's operational efficiency and scientific management. (refer to P38? Organization chart)
(5) the meaning and legal characteristics of the company
The company was established in accordance with the law, with all the capital contributed by the shareholder * * *, and it is a profit-making enterprise legal person in the form of shares. To set up a company, it is necessary to go through certain registration procedures and obtain legal recognition in accordance with the provisions of laws, regulations and relevant policies. The life of a company is endowed by law.
The company system has the advantages of independent legal person status, limited liability system and scientific management. There are already many state-owned enterprises in our country, which have stimulated their vitality, enhanced their competitiveness and better played a leading role in economic development through the reform of the company system. Therefore, in the reform of state-owned enterprises, state-authorized investment companies or state-authorized departments can independently invest in the establishment of wholly state-owned limited liability companies. For example: China Petroleum and Natural Gas Company Limited, China Petrochemical Company Limited, China Telecom Company Limited, China Airlines Company Limited, etc.
Of course, in addition to corporate enterprises, there are a large number of sole proprietorships and partnerships in China. Namely:
(6) A wholly state-owned company
(7) sole proprietorship and partnership enterprises
2. Operation and development of the company
The operation and management of a company refers to the general name of all activities carried out by the company to provide products and services to the society and obtain profits. The quality of the company's operation is directly related to the company's fate, and the purpose of the company's operation is profit.
(1) The main factors of the company's success: business strategy, competitive advantage and corporate image.
The success of the company depends on three factors.
First of all, the company should formulate a correct business strategy.
An enterprise can adapt to the trend of the times, seize the opportunity, accelerate its development and put wings on the enterprise only if its strategic positioning is accurate. For example, it took Nokia six years to become a multinational company from a regional company that was almost sold, which is the secret of its success. Today, Nokia's mobile phone market share ranks first in the world. Nokia used to be mainly engaged in the wood and rubber industries, but it was not until the 1960s that it began to set foot in the electronic field. Before 1992, Nokia had a long product line. In addition to mobile communication products, it also produces televisions, computers, wires and even rubber shoes. Yoma？ After Ollila became the chairman and CEO of Nokia, he decided to focus on the cutting-edge and most active fields at that time. The mobile communication field, which was originally the most representative of the development direction, gave up profit-making projects and sold all irrelevant products such as wires, computers and televisions. At that time, the TV set had reached the second scale in Europe. Since moving out of color TV and entering the field of mobile communication, the company has been rising like a rocket, with an annual growth rate of over 50%. If the strategic decision of the enterprise is not correct, the speed and today's glory can't be imagined if the strategic shift is implemented in time.
Perhaps a temporary profit does not explain the problem. Haier's strategy is to exchange profits for market share in order to seek greater benefits in the future. Therefore, from a strategic point of view, Haier people are satisfied. Their greatest wealth is Haier, so Haier's strategy always revolves around it. In the fields of refrigerators, washing machines and air conditioners, Haier can be said to have done enough articles and firmly occupied a part of the middle and high-end consumer market, with a market share of about 15%-25%. This is Haier's arrogance, but it is also Haier's problem. If you want to use this brand to expand your market share, you can only change the market positioning of Haier brand. If consumers no longer think that Haier is synonymous with high-end brands, it will be an unacceptable price. Therefore, Haier's strategy is to extend Haier's brand to other fields, such as television and computers. However, the competition in these new fields is not lower than that in the field of white goods. It is hard to imagine that Haier will become the top three in these markets. In other words, Haier has to invest huge sums of money in these fields, but it is almost impossible to make a big profit.
Secondly, the company should rely on technological progress and scientific management to form its own competitive advantage.
Finally, the company should operate in good faith and establish a good reputation and corporate image.
Of course, doing a good job in company management is a systematic project. In addition to the above measures, we must also establish a modern enterprise system, realize the separation of ownership and management rights, improve the quality of decision makers, and carry out? Strong alliance? Merge with enterprises.
(2) Merger, association and bankruptcy of enterprises and their significance.
Summary:
First, enterprise merger refers to the superior enterprises with good management and good economic benefits, and merges those enterprises with poor management and poor enterprise benefits. Merger can expand the scale of dominant enterprises, enhance the strength of dominant enterprises, turn disadvantages into advantages, improve the efficiency of resource utilization of enterprises and the whole society, and promote the development of national economy.
Second,? Strong alliance? , refers to the joint venture or merger between enterprises to enhance market competitiveness and obtain greater economic benefits. It can complement each other's advantages, optimize resource allocation, reduce costs, improve labor productivity and market share, thus improving the competitiveness of enterprises.
Three, enterprise bankruptcy refers to the long-term losses of enterprises, insolvent, hopeless, according to legal procedures to implement bankruptcy liquidation economic phenomenon. The implementation of enterprise bankruptcy system is conducive to strengthening the risk awareness of enterprises and promoting enterprises to improve their management level and competitiveness. Eliminating backward enterprises through enterprise bankruptcy is conducive to the rational allocation of social resources and the rational adjustment of industrial structure.