How to solve the problems of difficult financing and expensive loans in rural areas of Gansu Province

Since the reform and opening up, Gansu has rebuilt the rural financial system. Especially in recent years, a multi-level rural financial system, mainly banking financial institutions, has been initially formed in the vast rural areas, including guarantees, small loan companies, "double-benefit loans", "civilized farming" loans, insurance and securities. Increasing credit support for agriculture and improving the level of financial services have injected vitality into increasing farmers' income, agricultural development and rural prosperity. However, judging from the reality of the work concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers in recent years, insufficient capital investment, difficult loans and expensive financing in rural financial markets have become the main bottlenecks restricting rural economic and social development. Agriculture and farmers are still at the edge and end of financial services, without effective support of financial funds, which directly restricts rural development and farmers' income. Gansu is an underdeveloped province. By 2020, it is the central task to build a well-off society in an all-round way in synchronization with the whole country, and it is also the grand goal that we must achieve. To this end, we propose to basically eliminate poverty in 20 17 years, which means that the vast rural areas should also achieve leap-forward development, which is a very arduous task for Gansu with poor natural conditions, poor development foundation and a large number of poor people. In this sense, it is more urgent than ever to vigorously develop modern rural finance, promote agricultural efficiency and increase farmers' income. At present, the most important thing is to break through the main bottleneck of expensive financing and difficult loans in rural areas, introduce abundant, stable and preferential financial funds for rural areas, and provide financial guarantee for rural development and farmers' income increase. Focusing on the goal of eradicating poverty in 20 17 and achieving a well-off society in 2020 in synchronization with the whole country, we should focus on meeting rural financing needs, pay equal attention to financial support and government support, pay equal attention to market orientation and policy support, pay equal attention to strengthening services and preventing risks, and strive to expand the coverage of rural financial services and innovate financial products and service methods. Efforts should be made to establish and improve a rural financial service system based on cooperative finance, guaranteed by policy finance, supplemented by commercial finance and widely participated by the whole society, so as to guide all kinds of funds and economic resources to invest in rural areas, make farmers' loans more convenient, business more convenient and service charges more favorable, and promote the healthy and rapid development of rural economy. 1. Further deepen rural reform and strive to expand and improve the rural financial service system. Cultivating and developing a diversified, competitive and efficient rural financial service system is the fundamental measure to solve the shortage of rural development funds. At present, we should consider moderately opening the rural financial market, relaxing the restrictions on access to the rural financial market, and speeding up the formation of a rural financial system with policy financial institutions and rural credit cooperatives (rural cooperative banks) as the main body, with state-owned commercial banks, rural insurance institutions and various rural financial organizations directly participating, so as to provide farmers with all-round rural financial services. First, rural credit cooperatives and rural cooperative banks, on the basis of doing a good job in small farmers' credit, further improve the credit loans for farmers' scale breeding industry and farmers' joint guarantee loans, and at the same time increase support for agricultural products processing enterprises; Second, policy banks continue to explore new ideas and new models of credit support for rural grassroots construction on the basis of continuing to promote warehousing loans and loans from leading processing enterprises; Third, appropriately relax the credit line and credit rating conditions of rural economic organizations and farmers, vigorously promote loan marketing methods, and strive for the simultaneous development of agricultural loan increment and agricultural added value; Fourth, explore the establishment of agricultural futures market, actively develop rural securities market, and constantly expand new channels of rural financial supply. 2. Innovative financial products and services. All financial institutions should start from the characteristics of rural financial demand, innovate financial products and improve service quality. First, make good use of existing financial products. Women's small secured loans, "double-benefit loans", "Zhonghe Rural Credit Cooperatives" and "civilized farming" loans should be constantly improved, making them more convenient and efficient and benefiting farmers to the maximum extent. The implementation of the 80 billion yuan poverty alleviation and development loan project signed by CDB will create conditions for accelerating infrastructure construction in poverty-stricken areas. The second is to innovate diversified financial products. It is necessary to proceed from the rural reality and adopt collective credit that combines large, medium and small, long and short term according to the characteristics and laws of the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. Encourage the development of small credit loans, small secured loans, mortgage secured loans and other rural financial products. It is suggested that small loans of less than 50,000 yuan can be directly granted credit, so as to minimize the loan review procedures. The third is to build a diversified and multi-level rural financial system close to "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", continue to encourage the development of new financial institutions in counties, and support the development of farmers' mutual funds organizations, small loan companies and village banks. 3. Realize the effective coordination between finance and finance. It is necessary to innovate the use of financial funds and give full play to the role of financial funds. First of all, while increasing the discount funds for agricultural loans at all levels, it is necessary to integrate all kinds of agricultural funds, cut out a part of the integrated funds for loan discount, continuously improve the ability of financial funds to guide credit investment, and support financial institutions to expand the scale of productive loans to farmers. Secondly, it is necessary to improve the performance reward system for agricultural loans of financial institutions and commend and reward financial institutions that have invested heavily and achieved remarkable results. We will further formulate and improve policies such as financial discount, tax incentives, risk compensation and expense subsidies for agricultural loans of financial institutions, and form an incentive mechanism for financial support for the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. 4. It is necessary to improve the mortgage method of loan guarantee. The difficulty of guarantee mortgage is a prominent problem that restricts the development of rural finance at present, and it must be solved with great efforts. First, it is necessary to continuously increase the injection of financial funds into policy guarantee institutions, establish a guarantee fee subsidy system, clarify the guarantee fee subsidy standards, continuously improve the guarantee credit rating, and enhance the policy guarantee ability. At the same time, support the establishment of private guarantee institutions to provide multi-level guarantee services for agriculture-related loans. The second is to explore and expand the scope of rural mortgage collateral. Accelerate the registration and certification of rural land contractual management rights, forest rights, homestead use rights and collective income distribution rights, and establish intermediary agencies for property rights evaluation and transaction disposal to create conditions for "four rights" mortgage loans. The third is to implement a variety of effective security models. Vigorously develop rural cooperatives and leading enterprises, and encourage them to guarantee members' credit and order farmers. At the same time, actively promote joint household guarantee and give full play to the role of rural acquaintances' credit. The fourth is to establish a risk sharing mechanism for agricultural loans. Due to the fragility and instability of agriculture and animal husbandry, the relative risk of agricultural loans is high, which is the main obstacle to the continuous supply of agricultural loans. It is necessary to arrange a certain amount of risk reserve for agricultural loans to compensate the losses of financial institutions when the market changes dramatically and suffers major natural disasters. In addition, it is necessary to vigorously promote the production insurance business of agriculture and animal husbandry, support insurance companies to start insurance business such as facility farming and fruit industry, increase the premium subsidy of agricultural commercial insurance, and reduce the risk of agricultural production loans. At the same time, financial institutions are encouraged to actively explore the mode of joint credit and division of labor loans for key agriculture-related projects to diversify loan risks. In short, it is necessary to share the loan risk through the government, banks, insurance, guarantees, loan subjects and other aspects to prevent major losses caused by force majeure. 5. Strengthen the construction of rural credit system and create a good financial ecological environment. First, extensively carry out financial knowledge education, so that farmers can learn to deal with financial institutions and avoid being involved in some illegal or illegal financial activities, which will cause losses to their meager income. Second, we should adopt practical and acceptable publicity methods, continue to carry out daily or special publicity in depth, and raise the awareness of honesty and trustworthiness of agriculture-related enterprises and farmers. Third, we will earnestly promote the construction of social credit environment and financial legal environment, introduce relevant measures to protect the legitimate rights and interests of rural credit cooperatives and reduce the cost of safeguarding rights of rural credit cooperatives, and create an honest and trustworthy social atmosphere. Fourth, all functional departments should strengthen cooperation, exchange policy information and regulatory information, realize rural credit information sharing, and promote and improve rural credit environment. Fifth, on the basis of scientific design and evaluation index system, through monitoring and analysis, focus on towns and villages with weak credit system construction and carry out targeted rectification activities. 6. Strengthen the management of private lending and further standardize and utilize private capital. From the actual development point of view, the advantages of rapid and flexible development of private lending and formal finance have a strong complementary effect. Therefore, it is necessary to further standardize and guide private lending, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of private finance and private capital, develop various types of microfinance organizations, meet the diversified economic needs of rural economic entities, and make them an important supplement to the rural financial system. (Ouyang Jian is deputy secretary of Gansu Provincial Committee)