100G optical module is still the main force, and the price is under pressure but the demand continues to grow.
There are many specifications of 100G digital optical module, among which PSM4 and CWDM4 account for a large proportion. There are many kinds of 100G optical modules. According to the number of channels, there are 4x25G four-way optical modules and 1x 100G single-way optical modules. If classified by packaging methods, there are optical module products such as QSFP28 and CFP4. According to whether wavelength division multiplexing technology is adopted, there are PSM4 optical module and CWDM4 optical module. According to the transmission distance of application scenarios, there are optical module products such as SR4 and LR4. However, according to the results of industrial chain research, in the whole 100G optical module market, 100G PSM4 and 100G CWDM4 optical modules account for the largest proportion, accounting for nearly two-thirds. Because CWDM4 can significantly save optical fiber resources, it is more favored by downstream customers, accounting for about 45%.
100gdr1/fr1optical module market exceeded expectations, and it is of great strategic significance in the field of data communication in the future.
100Gdr1/fr1optical module adopts single channel100g mode, 13 10nm wavelength EML laser replaces the traditional 25G DFB laser to realize 50G bandwidth, and DSP is added to realize high-precision PAM4 modulation, thus realizing/kloc-0. At present, because the 25G DFB chip and the corresponding driver, TIA and other electrical chips are relatively mature, the cost is relatively low, while the cost of EML and DSP is relatively high. The price of100gdr1fr1optical module has no competitive advantage compared with that of 100G CWDM4. According to the industrial chain survey, the market scale of100gdr1/fr1is expected to reach 2 million in 20021year. Although there is no advantage in cost for the time being, it is of great strategic significance, mainly reflected in the following three points:
At present,100gdr1/fr1can replace 100G QSFP28 series optical module products with all different schemes below 2km, which has excellent compatibility, and can replace 100G LR4 optical module products and 10km level (electrical
Because DR 1/FR 1 only adopts single channel, the overall cost is lower than that of four channels. With the gradual maturity of EML and DSP chips, the price has dropped to a certain extent, and100gdr1/fr1will become the most cost-effective product.
DR 1/FR 1 can be directly interconnected by Breakout scheme 100G and 400G transmission systems are simple and low cost.
The price pressure of 100G optical module is great, and it is of great significance to reduce costs and increase efficiency in the future.
The main driving force for cost reduction is chips, and domestic substitution is progressing steadily. The core components of an optical module include optical chips, electrical chips and optical passive devices. In the 100G optical module, the optical chip includes a laser (LD) at the transmitter, a monitoring detector (MPD) and a photodetector (PD) at the receiver. The electronic chip includes clock synchronization recovery (CDR) at the transmitter, driver, CDR at the receiver, transimpedance amplifier (TIA), power control chip and MCU. The cost of photoelectric chip accounts for about 50% of the total cost on average, which has a great influence on the cost of optical module. At present, 25G optical chips can partially replace domestic products, and some products of electrical chips have been successfully developed. If the subsequent chips can be completely replaced by domestic ones, the cost of 100G optical module will be further reduced.
The demand for 200G optical modules has exceeded market expectations, and high cost performance is an important option.
200G optical module has excellent performance-to-price ratio and is an important product on the speed upgrade path of data center. The transmission rate of 200G optical module is between 100G and 400G, so it is considered as a transitional optical module product. At present, some customers in the market adopt the upgrade scheme of 100G-200G optical module. Although we missed the shortest path of direct upgrade of 100G-400g, the industrial chain of 200G is more mature, and the design changes based on 100G optical module are smaller, so it is a very cost-effective product.
The mainstream schemes of 200G optical module: QSFP-DD and QSFP56.
200G QSFP-DD package, that is, 8x25G structure, 25G bandwidth DML laser and single channel 25G NRZ modulation scheme; 200G QSFP56 package mode, that is, 4x50G structure is adopted, and the modulation scheme is PAM4 mode.
The full range of 200G optical modules can be widely used in various scenes, with a broad market space. Except for different technical schemes, 200G optical modules can be divided into SR, DR, FR, LR and so on according to transmission distance. Used in data centers, mainly SR and FR optical module products. Although 400G optical modules have been shipped on a large scale, the market for 200G optical modules is still broad. The industrial chain survey shows that the total demand for 200G optical modules this year is between 1 10,000-10.5 million, which exceeds the market expectation and will exceed 2 million next year.
The 400G optical module market continues to be hot.
400G optical module is one of the important optical interconnection products for data center speed upgrade. With the gradual implementation of 5G construction, the demand for cloud computing is increasingly strong, and the exponential growth of Internet of Things devices will bring rapid growth in data transmission and computing demand. As a new generation of digital real estate, data center is one of the important digital infrastructures. In order to cope with the explosive growth of data processing demand, data centers are also upgrading their speed from generation to generation. The servers and TOR switches in the cabinet are mainly 10G/25G, and are transitioning to 50G/ 100G. At present, the interconnection between leaf switches and backbone switches, and the interconnection between data centers is mainly 40G/ 100G, which is transitioning to 400G.
400G optical modules are widely used in data centers because of their diversity of types and application scenarios.
Like 100G optical module, 400G optical module can be divided into various optical module products according to the distance and whether WDM is adopted. At the same time, 400G can be divided into two schemes according to the packaging mode: QSFP-DD and OSFP. QSFP-DD packaging scheme is relatively small, while OSFP packaging scheme is large, but the heat dissipation is relatively good. As for the electrical port, at present, all 400G optical modules adopt the 8x50G electrical signal transmission scheme; In terms of optical port, it is mainly divided into two schemes: 8x50G and 4x 100G, and the corresponding products are SR8/DR8/FR8 and SR4/DR4/FR4 series optical modules respectively. In the 8x50G optical port scheme, the signal speed of the optical port side and the electrical port side is the same, and they are both 8x50G PAM4 signals. Therefore, the clock recovery in the optical module only needs CDR. In the 4x 100G scheme, the signal speed at the optical port side is twice that at the electrical port side, which is 4x 100G PAM4 signal. Therefore, it is necessary for the gearbox to multiplex two electrical signals into one, and then modulate them into light for photoelectric conversion into one optical signal.
The technical threshold of 400G optical module is high, and domestic manufacturers are in a leading position.
100G optical module is very mature in technical scheme, process accumulation, completeness of industrial chain, etc., so the entry threshold is relatively low, and it has flooded into many optical module manufacturers, which has caused great impact on product prices. 400G optical module has a high threshold in terms of circuit, optical path, firmware, production yield and reliability, so there are not many optical module manufacturers that can supply in large quantities on the market at present. On the other hand, 400G optical module is the next generation product of data center, which is in the early stage of intergenerational upgrading and has a broad market space in the future. Domestic manufacturers are in the leading position in the world in the era of 400G optical modules, and the first-Mover advantage is helpful to improve the quality of profits, and on this basis, research and development of higher-speed products such as 800G are carried out.
The R&D window of 800G optical module has arrived and will become the next main battlefield.
The technical scheme of 800G optical module includes 2x400G and 8x 100G, and the packaging method is similar to that of 400G, including OSFP and QSFP DD800. OSFP packaging mode is mainly defined by OSFPMSA organization, which issued the specification document of 800G optical module version 4.0. QSFP DD800 packaging method is defined by QSFP DD800 MSA organization, and the specification document of 1.0 version has been published. The electrical and optical port speeds of 2x400G scheme and 8x 100G scheme are both 100Gbps. The main difference lies in the wavelength used and the corresponding optical interface. 2x400G adopts LWDM84 wavelength, and the optical interface is 2xCS. If 8x 100G is DR, 1365438+ is adopted.
The scale effect of coherent light module reduces the cost and sinks to multiple application scenarios, and OpenZR+ has obvious advantages.
At first, coherent optical module is suitable for backbone network with transmission distance greater than 1000km, and then gradually sinks to metropolitan area with transmission distance from 100 km to 1000km, edge access network with transmission distance less than 100km, and data center interconnection area with 80 ~ 120 km. With the mass production of coherent optical modules, the cost is decreasing, and it will be widely used in the market with greater demand, such as 5G access network. At present, there are three standards for 400G coherent optical modules, namely 400GZR, OpenROADM and OpenZR+. Among them, OpenZR+ combines the advantages of 400GZR and OpenROADM, and has a wider range of applications, facing metropolitan area networks, backbone networks, DCI and telecom operators, and can support the interoperability of multiple suppliers.