For thousands of years, mankind has been full of infinite yearning and longing for the universe. In the Song Dynasty, Jie Jiang wrote in "River Heart Lang Wujiang River": "The stars and the moon are full of clouds every day. Where is the universe? " Plato's three ultimate questions, "Who am I, where am I from, and where am I going", all reflect human's self-exploration and unknown desire. Based on the earth where Sri Lanka grew, human eyes and actions have never left the deep and mysterious universe. From satellite launch to manned space flight, from launching planetary probes to landing on other planets, from exploring unknown life to finding livable planets, the pace of human exploration has never stopped.
So what power enables human beings to maintain long-term motivation, overcome one "difficult" obstacle after another, and achieve one result after another to refresh their horizons?
In his new book "A Brief History of the Solar System", Wang Ao, a popular science writer in China, tells the story of human being's perseverance in the face of the universe, and expounds the three spirits of human being facing difficulties, advancing despite difficulties and overcoming difficulties.
In ancient times, there was a serious drought on the earth. The heat scorched the forest, dried the land, dried the seedlings and plants. It turned out that Di Jun and he had 10 children, all of whom were grandchildren. They live in OOCL, and there is a big tree called Fusang in the sea. 10 The sun sleeps under the branches and runs out in turn to be on duty in the sky and shine on the earth. But sometimes, they come out together and bring disaster to mankind.
In order to save mankind, Hou Yi drew an arrow with a bow and shot it at nine suns. I saw an exploding fireball in the sky and fell three feet. Finally, there is only one sun left in the sky.
1988 There is a song "Planting the Sun" widely sung by children, which sings:
The sun has been radiating a lot of energy into space. The energy absorbed by the earth from the sun in one year is equivalent to tens of thousands of times the total energy consumed by the world in one year. The utilization of solar energy by human beings began in ancient times. China was the first to use solar energy. As early as 3000 years ago, the Western Zhou Dynasty began. It is recorded in ancient books: "Sunny is the fire from the sun." Concave mirror, made of copper, focuses on sunlight and makes a fire.
In modern times, the direct utilization of solar energy has become an important scientific and technological work. 1975, the first national exchange meeting on solar energy utilization was held in China. Since then, the research and promotion of solar energy utilization in China has developed steadily. Solar cookers, solar distillers, solar air conditioners, solar cells and other large and small equipment and appliances are constantly being manufactured and used.
The use of solar energy is also highly valued internationally. 1978, France set up a "solar energy department" within the government to lead the national solar energy research. The 1000 kW solar power station in the Pyrenees has been put into operation. The United States plans to build a 50-65438+ million kilowatt solar power station in 1985, and also plans to launch a solar satellite to convert solar energy into microwave beams or laser beams with orbital solar collectors and send them back to the ground station.
Compared with many other energy sources, solar energy has outstanding advantages:
First, inexhaustible;
Second, it is very stable;
Third, it is cheap;
Fourth, there is no pollution at all.
Therefore, the utilization of solar energy has a bright future. For a long time, many scholars have devoted themselves to the discussion of solar energy utilization. Mendeleev, a Russian chemist and the maker of the first periodic table of elements, once wrote: "It is conceivable that in some factories, free solar energy turns free air and water into food."
As a permanent and clean energy source, solar energy has bright prospects and has been greatly developed. In the effective utilization of solar energy, solar power generation system is the fastest developing and most dynamic research field in recent years, and it is also one of the most striking projects.
From the photoelectric effect of Hertz and Einstein, the acquisition and technical application of electricity has always been a proposition explored by the scientific community, and electricity has become a symbol of civilization and progress.
182 1 year, Faraday invented the motor, which is the originator of all motors used in the world today.
183 1 year, Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction and made the world's first generator capable of generating continuous current.
1879, Edison invented the incandescent bulb.
1882, Pearl Street Power Plant in Manhattan, new york was put into use, with 6 steam engine generator sets, 120kW.
The earliest power plant in China was also a foreign investment of 65,438 silver+over 200,000 yuan. Built in 1882, built in 1895 Shanghai Fallon Road, and began to supply power. This is the Shanghai electro-optical company established by the British in the Shanghai Concession.
It can be said that photoelectric integration has gone through a spring and autumn period.
At present, the utilization of solar energy mainly includes photothermal, photoelectric, photochemical and photobiomass. There are mainly two ways: one is optical-thermal-electrical conversion, and the other is direct photoelectric conversion. What's the difference between these two power generation methods?
Solar photothermal power generation refers to the use of large array parabolic or dish-shaped mirrors to collect solar heat energy, provide steam through heat exchange devices, and combine with traditional turbine generator technology to achieve the purpose of power generation.
Solar photovoltaic power generation is a technology that directly converts light energy into electric energy by using photovoltaic effect of semiconductor interface.
The biggest difference is that solar photothermal power generation is a technology that converts light energy into heat energy, and then generates electricity through traditional thermal cycle, which produces alternating current. Photovoltaic power generation is that sunlight irradiates high-purity silicon, making electrons jump, forming a potential difference, and light energy is directly converted into electrical energy to generate direct current.
However, photovoltaic power generation is unstable and intermittent, with low power quality and high requirements for grid connection. It will affect the operation of the power grid. Photothermal power generation has stable output power, adjustable power and easy grid connection.
In addition, photovoltaic power generation time is short, and photothermal power generation time is long. In photothermal power generation, the water heated by solar energy can be stored in a huge container, which can still drive the turbine to generate electricity several hours after the sun goes down.
At present, photovoltaic has a national unified benchmark electricity price, and photothermal still adopts franchise bidding or one-to-one electricity price. The cost of photovoltaic power is lower than that of photothermal power, so it is economical. At present, the cost of photovoltaic power generation is about 0.85 yuan/kWh, and the cost of photovoltaic power generation is about 1.8 yuan/kWh.
From the development form, the photovoltaic power generation industry chain is relatively mature, developing rapidly, and the installed capacity of power stations is growing rapidly. The photothermal power generation industry has just started, and the industrial chain is not perfect. The industrial development faces many problems such as technical route selection, localization of related key equipment, system integration and so on.
The cost of photovoltaic power generation has dropped rapidly, and it is easier for photovoltaic projects to obtain financing. However, for photothermal power generation, the current cost is still high, and the acceptance of banks and financial institutions is low.
Another difference is that photovoltaic power generation is mainly used for distributed power generation, while photothermal power generation is mostly used for centralized power generation.
In the long run, photovoltaic power generation and photothermal power generation have their own advantages and will complement each other and develop together in the future.
It is worth mentioning that in photovoltaic power generation, photovoltaic inverter is the key technology, and Huawei intelligent photovoltaic power generation equipment has been far ahead.
Why choose Huawei photovoltaic inverter?
As we all know, direct current cannot be used directly, and inverter is the core power conversion equipment to convert direct current generated by photovoltaic solar panels into alternating current. Huawei Smart Photovoltaic is a total solution based on series inverter, which combines ICT technology with photovoltaic. Compared with the traditional solution, the power generation is increased by more than 2%, the operation and maintenance efficiency is increased by more than 50%, and the overall LCOE (power cost) can be reduced by 6%, which fully helps photovoltaic enter the parity era. In the distributed scenario, relying on innovative technologies to create extreme security and higher power generation, and open a new era of green and low carbon.
The reason why Huawei can make smart photovoltaics the first in the world lies in foresight and strategic embedding. It can be said that without Huawei's strength, there would be no "inverter Silk Road" to sing down photovoltaic Huawei.
In the Hexi Corridor of the golden section of the Silk Road, in addition to the photothermal power generation in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, Jiuquan Yumen Hi-Tech Energy Technology Co., Ltd. first sailed the 100 MW tower molten salt photothermal power generation project, which is located in Yumen Huahai million kilowatt photothermal power generation base, covering an area of about 9. 1 square kilometer, with a total investment of 3 1 100 million yuan. The heat storage time is June 65438-2020165438+1October. The generator and reducer of the project have been ordered, and the foundation of the absorber tower has been intensively constructed, and the foundation of the absorber tower is zero meters.
After the completion of this project, the average annual power generation can reach 350 million kWh, the annual sales income can reach 400 million yuan, the annual standard coal saving is 654.38+200,000 tons, and the carbon dioxide emission is reduced by 350,000 tons. The economic benefits and energy saving and emission reduction benefits are very significant.
As early as 20 14, the first desert ecological photovoltaic power station in Gansu Province was invested by Jiangsu Fazhen Holding Group with 5.2 billion yuan, and a 500MW desert photovoltaic power station was built in the northern desert area of Malutan Forest Farm east of Babusha in Gulang. It is planned to control 24,000 mu of sand. At present, the first phase of 50MW photovoltaic power station has been completed, with an investment of 560 million yuan, and it has been officially connected to the grid for power generation, with an annual power generation capacity of 80 million kWh.
In Hexi Corridor, the "sun" planted by new technology has turned night into day.
Looking back at history, in this corridor, in 200 BC, Liu Banggan, the founder and CEO of Dahan listed company at the age of 56, did a great thing-led 320,000 troops to meet the Xiongnu, and was besieged in Dengbaishan for 7 days and 7 nights. Later, he was able to escape Chen's plan.
After more than 2000 years, the annual sunshine in Hexi Corridor is still 25,503,500 hours. We can still remember the Song of the Wind written by Liu Bang. The wind and light here have become a "cornucopia" and a "wind bank of the world" after being used by new technologies.
Just imagine, if it weren't for the big shots to win the Hexi Corridor, the power generation after the Millennium would have become an empty talk and a joke.
The smoke of history has been echoing, and corridors, galleries and lounges are all synonymous with this passage. Today, "Gallery" has become a national business card. In the future, cars will become new organs of human beings, and electric vehicles under the vehicle WeChat will be popularized. Under the background of AI and 5G, it is a once-in-a-lifetime scene to let this "electric corridor" accompany people's lives.