(1) Issue shares as a voucher for shareholders to buy shares, on the one hand, get dividends, on the other hand, participate in the operation and management of enterprises; (2) Establish the internal organizational structure of the enterprise. The shareholders' meeting is the highest authority of joint-stock enterprises, the board of directors is the permanent body of the highest authority, and the general manager presides over daily production and business activities; (3) With the assumption of risk responsibility, the ownership income of joint-stock enterprises is scattered, and the operating risks are shared by many shareholders; (4) It has a strong dynamic mechanism, and many shareholders care about the operation of enterprise assets from the perspective of interests, which makes the major decisions of enterprises tend to be optimized, and the development of enterprises can be based on the interest mechanism. Private enterprise: refers to a profit-making economic organization established by or controlled by a natural person and based on wage labor.
Legal basis:
Including private limited liability companies, private joint-stock companies, private partnerships and private enterprises registered in accordance with the Company Law, the Partnership Law and the Provisional Regulations on Private Enterprises.
Public ownership and joint-stock system are not concepts in one category, but they are interrelated.
Public ownership is ownership. The so-called ownership refers to the ownership of the means of production, or the ownership of enterprise assets. In other words, who owns the assets of the enterprise? Public ownership includes state ownership, collective ownership and community ownership. Corresponding to public ownership is private ownership. We usually refer to capital other than state-owned capital as private capital.
Share-holding system refers to the realization form of ownership, or the organization form and management mode of enterprise assets. Joint-stock system is an enterprise management system by raising funds from the society and setting up joint-stock companies for production and operation. The most common form of joint-stock system is joint-stock limited liability company. Corresponding to the shareholding system is a wholly-owned company. The shareholding system itself has no distinction between public ownership and private ownership. The key to decide whether the nature of an enterprise is public or private is to see whether the controlling capital in the enterprise is public or private. Public enterprises are controlled by public capital; Private capital controls private enterprises.
At the Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee, it was proposed to actively promote various effective forms of public ownership, vigorously develop the mixed ownership economy of state-owned capital, collective capital and non-public capital, realize diversification of investors, and make the shareholding system the main form of public ownership. It can be seen that the shareholding system will become the main form of public ownership at present and in the future.