In Hebei Province, Tangshan is a city with great development potential, open development ability and industrial competitiveness, which combines the advantages of port, location, industry, resources, talents, economic strength and financial resources. The provincial party committee and government put forward the requirement of making Tangshan an economic center, which not only shows the importance attached to Tangshan, but also shows that Tangshan has great development potential.
(1) has a solid industrial base, strong economic strength and great development capacity.
Tangshan is an important base of heavy chemical industry and energy and raw materials in China, ranking second in terms of economic aggregate and local fiscal revenue. It can provide a solid economic foundation for the construction and development of internationally competitive industries in strong areas, and it is the best area for Hebei to meet the new economic prosperity of China and vigorously develop heavy chemical industry.
(2) Outstanding industrial characteristics and high industrial agglomeration.
In 2002, Tangshan's six pillar industries of steel, electricity, coal, building materials, machinery and chemical industry accounted for 70% of the industrial added value. Large-scale characteristic industrial bases, such as fine steel bases, high-quality building materials bases, basic energy bases, machinery and parts industrial bases, coal chemical and salt chemical bases, and the development of major projects and projects, such as seaport area, Caofeidian wharf and industrial zone, steel and power generation, have gradually formed strong industrial competitiveness in Tangshan City, and become a strategic support for major adjustment of productivity layout and leapfrog development. Moreover, the enterprises and projects in its pillar industries are large in scale, and the industry and enterprise organizational structure have comparative advantages in competition and expansion. It is an ideal place for Hebei to introduce domestic and foreign industrial capital on a large scale, cooperate with multinational companies and join the international industrial division of labor, and develop large companies with international competitiveness. In addition, Tangshan is one of the 50 pilot cities of the national manufacturing informatization project. The state supports the transformation of old industrial bases and the implementation of the new industrialization road strategy, which provides opportunities for Tangshan to give full play to its advantages in location, resources, ports and oceans and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of advantageous traditional industries. With the focus of industrial layout and urban construction tilting to the coast, the formation of coastal industrial belts and coastal new cities will multiply this advantage.
(3) Connect the Bohai Sea with Beijing and Tianjin.
Tangshan is located at the forefront of opening up around the Bohai Sea, which has the regional and comparative advantages of absorbing international capital and undertaking overseas industries. The port area has great development potential and is an ideal area for Hebei to develop coastal industrial belt. Hebei has excellent conditions for developing international economy and is the main destination for international manufacturing, especially Japanese and Korean manufacturing, to transfer to Hebei. Historically, Tangshan had close economic ties with Beijing and Tianjin, but now it is one of the main target areas for industrial transfer and major project cooperation between Beijing and Tianjin. It has been incorporated into the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan National Economic Network and the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Golden Triangle Development Plan, and is an important part of the construction of "Greater Beijing" recognized by the national planning department, Beijing and Tianjin and high-level experts. The city also connects the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration and the two major markets in Northeast China, with high mutual economic radiation.
(4) There are many scientific and technological and human resources.
As a national traditional industrial base, Tangshan has a high population quality, strong management and planning ability of cadres, strong planning, operation and promotion ability of the government, and high contribution rate of science and technology to economic growth. In particular, Tangshan, as the origin of China and a modern industrial base, is one of the regions where industrial talents gather, entrepreneurial culture and business spirit are strong, and entrepreneurial resources are the richest.
(5) The private economy is strong.
There are a large number of private enterprises in Tangshan, which is a key area to develop private economy and stimulate the internal vitality of the economy.
(6) Abundant natural resources
Tangshan is one of the regions with the richest mineral resources in Hebei Province. Coastal areas are rich in crude salt, oil and natural gas resources, as well as port construction and aquaculture resources, which have great potential development value. Caofeidian is the only deep-water port site in Bohai Bay where berths of more than 250,000 tons can be built, and it is expected to become an international port integrating ore, crude oil and containers, which is one of the core advantages for Binhai New Tangshan to develop into an international port city.
(7) There are many land resources that can be developed and utilized in industry and urban construction.
First, among the nearly 200 kilometers of coastline and 6.5438+0.24 million mu of coastal beaches, the initial development area only accounts for 34%. Second, there is great potential for the redevelopment of land resources in old mining areas. With the increasing shortage of land resources and the increasingly strict control of industrial and urban construction land by the state, Tangshan City, especially the coastal areas of this city, is an area where Hebei Province can develop a large-scale industrial economy, an export-oriented economy and a modern city.
Disadvantaged
Tangshan's disadvantages are mainly reflected in three aspects: the heavy task of structural adjustment, the heavy burden of state-owned enterprise reform and the low degree of economic extroversion. Building a new coastal Tangshan and developing coastal industrial belts or new industrial bases are the basic ways to fundamentally solve the three major defects of Tangshan city, revitalize Tangshan old industrial base and become the leader of Hebei's participation in international economic competition.
(1) structural adjustment is a big task.
Tangshan iron and steel, cement and other traditional industries have many projects, and there are few export-oriented and scientific and technological projects. There are many primary products and few high value-added products; There are many basic industries and few high-tech industries, which are the key areas for Hebei to upgrade traditional industries and develop emerging industries with modern technology. As a national traditional heavy chemical industry base, expanding incremental capital, optimizing existing capital, adjusting industrial structure, upgrading technology and product level, and developing high-tech industries must rely on expanding opening up and take the road of promoting the transformation of old areas with the development of new areas.
(2) The burden of state-owned enterprise reform is heavy.
The proportion of state-owned assets of Tangshan municipal and below enterprises is still as high as 50%. The task of withdrawing state-owned assets is heavy, there are many redundant workers and laid-off workers, and the social function and debt burden are heavy. Developing a mixed economy through joint-stock system, transfer, joint venture, auction and reorganization, and tapping the advantages of property rights, especially attracting foreign capital for property rights reorganization, are areas that need to be focused on. Through the construction of Binhai New Tangshan and coastal industrial belt, it can play a powerful role in promoting and driving the transformation of traditional industries, the transformation of old cities and the reorganization of state-owned enterprises.
(3) Low degree of economic extroversion
Compared with similar cities in advanced provinces, there is a big gap between the scale of utilizing foreign capital and the ability of earning foreign exchange through export. In 2002, Tangshan actually utilized foreign capital of US$ 654.38+0.48 billion and foreign direct investment of US$ 654.38+0.30 billion. Accumulated utilization of foreign capital was $2.247 billion, and direct utilization of foreign capital was $654.38+665 million. The total import and export volume was US$ 734 million, the dependence on foreign trade was only 5.5%, and the foreign exchange earned by export hovered between US$ 360 million and US$ 370 million for seven consecutive years. Although the introduction of foreign capital ranks second in the province and the export of foreign trade ranks third in the province, it is far from Yantai with similar basic conditions and economic strength. In 2002, Yantai's GDP was11500 million yuan, which was basically the same as Tangshan's (GDP was 1 102 billion yuan), but Yantai's foreign investment in place was 1205 million US dollars, which was 8/kloc-of Tangshan's. The total import and export volume was US$ 4.477 billion, 6. 1 times that of Tangshan. The dependence on foreign trade is 33.5%, which is six times that of Tangshan. The scale of Tangshan's utilization of foreign capital and its ability to earn foreign exchange through export are only equivalent to the level of an advanced county in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, which is not commensurate with its own economic scale and regional advantages. If Tangshan's economic extroversion is raised to the level of advanced regions and becomes a new international industrial base by building a new coastal Tangshan, Hebei's opening-up level and its ability to connect with the international economy will be significantly improved.
locational advantage
Caofeidian Port Area is located 70 kilometers south of Tangshan City. It used to be a strip island in the southern waters of Luannan County. The island is basically rectangular, slightly higher in the south than in the north and slightly higher in the middle, with a total area of 16 km2. The soil is mainly sandy soil, which is 63km away from Luannan County and the nearest point to the mainland (Linqu) 17km. Named after the original Cao Fei Temple on the island. It is 33 nautical miles (about 60km) from Jingtang Port in the east, 38 nautical miles from Tianjin Port in the west, 230km from Beijing, 870km from Qingdao, 0/300km from Beilun Port/KLOC-0 and 300km from Dalian Port.
Caofeidian's natural geographical advantages can be summarized as seven advantages:
1, water depth-500m before the island, water depth-25m, wide range and wide anchorage. The water area with a water depth of -30m or more is 52 square kilometers, and the place 600m offshore is the deep trough sea area of the main tidal channel in Bohai Bay, which is the only sea area in the north where a deep-water port can be built.
2. No siltation and no excavation-The -30m water depth line in the port area is about 6km, which is suitable for the construction of large berths above 200,000 tons. There is no siltation, and there is no need for excavation. There is also a natural waterway with a water depth of -25m that leads directly to the Bohai Strait.
3. No freezing-the island is located at118 30&; Acute; 53 rpm118 33&; Acute; 37. North latitude 38 55&; Acute; 0 1 to 38 58&; Acute; Between 32 and 32, it is an all-year deep-water ice-free port;
4. Near land-it is only 18km away from the nearest land, and it is easy to build a land-sea passage. It is 60km away from Jingtang Port in the east, 70km away from Tianjin Port in the west and 80km away from Tangshan City in the north. 220 kilometers away from Beijing, the hinterland is far-reaching and the development space is broad;
5, convenient transportation, suitable for logistics-convenient logistics distribution conditions, Jingshan, Qin Jing, Daqin, Tongtuo and other railways, Shen Jing, Jintang, Tanggang and other expressways crisscross;
6. Wide beaches-the coastal beaches in Tangshan are wide, and the intertidal zone between the island and the land is 150 square kilometers;
7. The cost of land reclamation is low-there are 12 sand islands nearby, so the cost of land reclamation by "throwing sand" is more economical.
Caofeidian has convenient traffic conditions. Shugang Railway can connect Jingshan, Qin Jing and Daqin. Road transportation is sparse, and three domestic expressways connecting Beijing-Shenyang, Jintang and Tanggang are connected with the national expressway network, supplemented by 1 1 national highways and provincial highways. It can directly supply imported iron ore to users in North China, saving the cost of railway round-trip transportation. In terms of waterway transportation, Caofeidian Port Area is located in the middle of Bohai Port Group, with a moderate distance from all ports and convenient waterway transit transportation conditions. In the Bohai Economic Circle, the economic hinterland of Caofeidian Port directly faces the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Economic Zone and can extend to the northwest. Superior economic location conditions. It is in a middle position in the layout of deep-water ports around Bohai Sea and the eastern coast.
The development and construction of Caofeidian Port Area is an objective demand for the development of steel and petrochemical industry in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and its surrounding areas. In the economic structure of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas, steel, petrochemical and other industries have a decisive influence in the country. In North China, Shougang Group, Tangshan Iron and Steel Group, Xuanhua Iron and Steel Group, Baotou Steel, Tiangang, Chenggang and other imported ores are in great demand, and petrochemical enterprises such as Yanshan Petrochemical, Tianjin Petrochemical, Shijiazhuang Refinery and Cangzhou Refinery are in great demand for imported crude oil. The most economical and reasonable ship type for ocean transportation of imported ore and crude oil is 200,000-250,000 tons. Caofeidian, located on the west bank of Bohai Bay in the south of Tangshan, between Tianjin Port and Jingtang Port, is undoubtedly the best port to play this role. "There are deep troughs facing the sea and beaches facing the land" is the most obvious feature and advantage of Caofeidian, which provides a unique condition for the development and construction of large-scale deep-water ports and port-facing industries. Caofeidian has great potential for comprehensive development. Caofeidian has a steep shore, which is neither silted nor frozen. The water depth in front of the island is 25 meters and the deep trough is 36 meters, which is the deepest part of the Bohai Sea. The 30-meter isobath is about 6 kilometers long from east to west and 5 kilometers wide from north to south. It is the only natural port site along the Bohai Sea that can build a 300,000-ton berth without excavating the waterway and harbor basin. Extending from Caofeidian to the Bohai Strait, there is a natural waterway with a water depth of 27 meters that goes straight to the Yellow Sea. The natural combination of waterways and deep troughs has formed an unparalleled advantage in building a large-scale deep-water port, making Caofeidian a "diamond-class" port site. Its geographical and water depth conditions can develop more than 250,000 tons of multi-professional and multi-purpose berths, including bulk cargo terminals such as imported iron ore and crude oil, and the combined configuration of small and medium-sized transshipment and bulk cargo terminals, with outstanding scale advantages. Caofeidian Port has the characteristics of deep water and wide waterway, which is suitable for transporting bulk goods. China's imports of raw fuels such as iron ore and crude oil are increasing, and the tonnage of maritime transportation is increasing, which needs to be borne by deep-water ports. The construction of Caofeidian Port is conducive to improving China's ability to undertake the import of energy ore, and to alleviating the contradiction between the lack of port capacity of coal ships and the transportation of coal from north to south.
Caofeidian Port Area not only has excellent economic and geographical resources for rational layout and development of large-scale deep-water ports, but also has unique conditions for building large-scale deep-water terminals in groups. A large area of state-owned beaches behind the port area can be used for large-scale industrial development and port-facing industry development. From the perspective of optimizing the industrial allocation in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region, relying on large-scale deep-water ports not only provides strong support for the development of pillar industries in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, but also provides development space for the transfer and diffusion of traditional industries in Beijing-Tianjin. Caofeidian Port Area is at the forefront of Bohai Economic Circle. The development and construction of Caofeidian Port Area is also conducive to improving the layout of deep-water ports around Bohai Sea. Another large-scale project under construction in Caofeidian, reclamation project, officially started on March 5, 2005. Yang Chunhua, the project leader, is also the director of the preparation office of Caofeidian Fine Steel Base. Yang Chunhua said that land reclamation is actually a civil engineering project of large steel mills, which is equivalent to "three links and one leveling" on land. Using sand blasting technology will undoubtedly increase the cost and even delay the progress. Yang Chunhua explained why they chose this "stupid method". As long as they meet the requirements of the National Development and Reform Commission and the concept of sustainable development, they will persist no matter how difficult it is.
Yang Chunhua said that everyone is fighting for this project. What are the advantages of Caofeidian? In addition to the advantages of natural conditions in the port area, the key lies in adhering to the concept of sustainable development, strictly engaging in circular economy, and persisting in not destroying the external environment. To illustrate Caofeidian's strict self-discipline in its development, Yang Chunhua cited an example. There is a beach in Caofeidian, which is150km long, not cultivated land. However, Tangshan City and Hebei Province cannot approve any construction project. It can only be approved by the National Development and Reform Commission, so as not to interfere with the layout of Caofeidian Industrial Zone. The first batch of steel is planned to be produced before the 17th National Congress, and the petrochemical project is ready to be launched immediately. As the leaders of land reclamation and port construction projects in the preparatory projects, they all felt the urgency of time. One problem is that there are not enough construction teams that meet the technical requirements. Wang Zhongmin, who was in charge of the first-phase port construction project, joked with the contractor at the dinner table that it was too difficult to find a qualified port construction engineering team because port construction was being carried out everywhere. In the future, your engineering team will simply bid, and we will bid. Whoever pays a high price will do it for you.
In the case of pressing time, why not expand the scope of bidding and introduce private or foreign contractors The two responsible persons explained that the technical level of private engineering teams was backward and they could not undertake such key projects with high technical requirements; Foreign contractors charge too much. They said that the construction of Caofeidian has just been rolled out, and hundreds of billions of investment is great good news for chemical and steel construction enterprises with certain technical capabilities, but there is a premise that technology must pass.
The construction of Caofeidian Industrial Zone still faces many things that are both technical problems and business opportunities. For example, steel and petrochemical industries are all high water consumption industries, and Caofeidian is located in North China where fresh water is quite scarce. The problem of water resources may become a bottleneck restricting the future development of Caofeidian.
Two water pipelines from douhe reservoir to Caofeidian are 99 kilometers long, with a total investment of 780 million yuan. The annual water supply scale is only 90 million cubic meters, and the long-term annual water supply can only reach 654.38+0.756 million cubic meters. Obviously, in the design of new steel projects proposed by Shougang and Tangshan Iron and Steel Company, 35% of industrial water will directly use seawater or desalinate fresh water to some extent. Many planning experts predict that low-cost desalination plants will be the most needed in Caofeidian in the future.
Tangshan government officials said that after the completion of Caofeidian Industrial Zone, it is likely to form a siphon effect, and the advantages in transportation cost and scale cost will attract heavy industries in North China to transfer to Caofeidian, leading to the re-integration of functions of major cities in North China. Taking Beijing as an example, its industrial pollution sources are concentrated in the western iron and steel area and the eastern chemical area. Since Shougang can move out of the capital and Yanhua has the consideration of moving out, those smaller chemical enterprises are likely to be the next relocation targets.
As a coastal province, an important reason why Hebei's economic strength and competitiveness are not improved quickly is? In the process of opening to the outside world, coastal urban agglomerations and coastal industrial belts with strong driving effects have not been formed. Summing up the experience and lessons of Hebei's opening up for more than 20 years, we can see that one of the lags is that it failed to develop new areas on a large scale in Tangshan coastal areas with great location and industrial advantages, which has played a leading role in regional opening, industrial cultivation and participation in international competition, as Shanghai developed Pudong and Qingdao developed the west coast. The key issue of the strategy of strengthening the province is the improvement of industrial market competitiveness, especially the improvement of industrial international competitiveness, and the core issues of improving industrial international competitiveness are the scientific positioning, regional agglomeration and technological upgrading of pillar industries. This is also the fundamental requirement of regional development put forward by international and domestic environmental changes. Hebei's economy is relatively backward. Apart from the reasons of relatively lagging reform, inflexible mechanism and weak private investment, another important reason is that it is difficult to make a breakthrough in industrial restructuring for a long time. Key industries, key regions and central cities have failed to form distinctive and irreplaceable competitive advantages and manufacturing, development, financial and trade centers, thus lacking engines to drive economic growth, structural transformation and level improvement. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the region with the most development potential, position this region as the leading industry, and implement the competitive development strategy with the goal of occupying the competitive advantage in the big market, entering the internationalization process and the international division of labor system, so as to make this region become the engine of the province's economic development and industrial upgrading.
Need to cultivate the bright spot of Hebei's economic growth and a new platform for development.
Under the condition of economic globalization, in areas with weak economic strength and strong competition, the basic unit to participate in international economic competition is urban economy and its advantageous industrial clusters. Therefore, Hebei should build an advantageous industrial base in Tangshan, a city with high industrial concentration and strong international competitiveness, open up and expand the highlights of economic development, build a highland of industry, science and technology and talents, raise the level of industry, form industrial support and industrial chain, and use this platform to attract domestic and foreign investment on a large scale, especially multinational companies' investment, and guide private investment, so as to achieve the effect of concentrating resources, making key breakthroughs and covering the whole area.