A misunderstood dynasty
We talked about the unification of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang and Liang Wudi, a bottomless pit in the later Han Dynasty, the chaos in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the chaos in which Dong Zhuo entered Beijing. The Han Dynasty was over.
Then the Three Kingdoms stood firm, and then Cao Cao died. His sons, Cao Pi and Wei Wendi, changed the title from Han to Wei, which opened the Wei and Jin Dynasties.
We are familiar with the dynasties of Qin, Han, Tang and Song, but much stranger than Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Although this period was divided and combined, it was ups and downs, but the time was not short
It took more than 400 years from the first year of Chuping in Xian Di to the destruction of Chen in Sui Dynasty and the unification of the whole country. The longest dynasty in history is the Zhou Dynasty, which lasted more than 800 years. )
This period is divided into the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when the three countries stood firm, the Western Jin Dynasty was unified in a short time, the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Sixteen Countries of Wuhu, the opposition between the Southern Song Dynasty, Qi Liang, Chen and the Northern Wei Dynasty and Qi Zhou Dynasty, and the long-term division of the whole country. ...
Why should we divide this period?
We can see that it can be roughly divided into the Jian 'an period where Cao Cao was located, followed by the Zhengshi period, the post-Jin period, the brief unification of the Western Jin Dynasty (the Western Jin Dynasty established by the Sima family), and then the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
After Wei and Jin Dynasties, it was the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The Southern Dynasties (mainly composed of Han people) can be divided into Song, Qi, Liang and Chen, and the northern regime is more chaotic, including Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou.
During this period, ethnic struggles merged, social contradictions were complex, turmoil was frequent, and wars continued. ...
Therefore, this period of history is very complicated, and the culture of social instability stagnates, which leads most scholars to think that there is no literary value to study, just like scrap iron mixed into a steelmaking boiler. ...
Not really. After all, Wei and Jin dynasties have a history of hundreds of years, and it is not impossible. During this period, many famous prose poets and lyricists appeared.
We are familiar with Cao Shi and his son, Ruan Ji and Ji Kang, among the seven sages of Jian 'an Bamboo Forest, Lu Ji, Zuo Si and Xie Lingyun, and Pan Yue, the first beautiful man in history.
Everyone knows that Tao Yuanming, the first pastoral recluse poet in history, is well known. ...
Of course, there must be more than these poets, and there are many, many more. Today, people are first familiar with Cao Cao's three sons-Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi.
02 Cao Cao's tenderness and dual personality
The Han Dynasty was a prosperous time, and the Wei and Jin Dynasties were a turbulent time. The blood and fire of the war burned the literati at that time. These literati are full of generous and sad feelings. Their poems are no longer vassals of Confucian classics and slaves of politics, but the voice of poets full of personality and emotion. ...
Cao Shi, the third son, is familiar to many people because of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao's ability to expand his territory and his bravery in leading troops, but he is not well known.
He can be a politician, strategist, soldier or poet.
His two poems, Good Li Xing and Autumn Dew, are very famous.
Then let's take a look:
Okay, Li Xing.
The soldiers of the Kwantung Army rose up against the cruel people.
On the first day of the first date, General Ding Meng went to attack Dong Zhuo in Chang 'an.
Dong Zhuo's army came together, each with its own plans, looked at each other and refused to stand out.
These two sentences led to the battle of various armies, and then the armies of various armies killed each other.
Yuan Shao's cousin Yuan Shu proclaimed himself emperor in Huainan, and the emperor Yuan Shaomou carved the emperor in the north.
Because of the war, soldiers have long been unable to take off their battle clothes, their armor is covered with lice, and many people have died because of years of war.
The bones were bare in the field, and there was no one among them, and there was no crowing.
It is extremely sad to think that only one person in a hundred people is alive.
……
This content is roughly about Dong Zhuo's crusade against princes, which vividly reproduces the suffering reality of people's livelihood at that time.
Related to Hao, there is also this article "A Journey to Autumn"
Lu Lu badminton Cao Cao?
However, in the twenty-two years of the Han dynasty, it was not good.
Give a monkey a bath and wear a crown.
Hesitant, afraid to break through, because the inaugural king.
Bai Hong is also the first to bear the brunt of Japan's infiltration.
Thieves and ministers hold the national handle to kill the Lord and destroy Yujing.
Swing through the emperor's inheritance, the ancestral temple was burned.
Spread all over the west and cry.
Looking at Belo City, I am very sad.
……
This passage is about Dong Zhuo's burning Luoyang to Beijing and moving his capital to the west to enter Shanhaiguan, which vividly reproduces the suffering reality of people's livelihood at that time, and some of them are called "a poem written by a real official at the end of Han Dynasty".
In addition to poetry, Cao Cao's prose "Short Songs" is the opposite, showing his great ambition, firm confidence and outstanding perseverance ... Many famous sentences come from this.
"Qingqing is dancing leisurely in my heart.
But for your sake, I've thought it over. "
The first two sentences of Qing Qing Zi (Jο) are from The Book of Songs, Zheng Feng Ji Zi. They were originally used to describe the feeling of missing one's lover, but later Cao Cao changed it to the feeling of thinking of being virtuous urgently.
There is also a famous sentence-singing about wine.
It means singing while drinking. When, is also the right meaning.
For example: yo (y not u) yo Luming Literature, wild apple. I have a guest who is blowing: Xiaoya Luming Literature in The Book of Songs.
Cao Cao's Looking at the Sea is also very successful in literature ... It is the first landscape poem describing natural scenery in the history of China literature.
In a word, most of his poems are lofty and broad, with the bearing of ruling the world, which accords with his ambition.
A winner obsessed with politics
Let's look at his two sons, Cao Pi, as we know, the second son of Cao Cao. Cao Pi was named Prince Wei at the age of 365,438+0, and lived independently in his early years. Cao Pi is basically under the wing of Cao Cao, and his experience is not as rich as that of Cao Cao. Finally, he succeeded in becoming emperor and added posthumous title ── Wei Wudi to his old father.
Cao Pi's achievement in literature is that he can't catch up with his brother Cao Zhi and his father Cao Cao. Among the three Cao Cao's, his literary achievement is the lowest, because he is devoted to politics and has a good construction in this respect.
He is famous for this familiar song "Seven Steps Poetry".
The general content is that Cao Pi became emperor and worried that his younger brother would take his place in the future, so he threatened Cao Zhi with his life and asked him to become a seven-step poem.
This is naturally more difficult for the great poet Cao Zhi. Soon, he made this five-word and four-sentence poem in seven steps.
"Boil beans and burn beans, and the beans cry in the kettle.
This is the same root, what's the hurry?
This story first appeared in Shi Shuo Xin Yu, and its literary authenticity needs to be verified. (Cao Zhi's literary talent is naturally clear to Cao Pi. How can he make things difficult in such a simple way? )
Oh ... Cao Pi also contributed. His Ge Yanxing is 1 a complete seven-character poem in China. This poem mainly depicts a woman who lives alone in an empty boudoir and deeply misses her husband far away.
04? A frustrated family full of talents
Finally, Cao Zhi, the third son of Cao Cao, was called Wang Siwang Chen. If Cao Pi's succession is the boundary, his life and creation can be divided into two periods.
I was complacent in the early stage, and most of my works expressed my ambition to make contributions. However, his later life changed significantly, and his works became an exciting emotion to express his ambition rather than show it.
Cao Zhi is the most outstanding poet in Jin 'an poetry circle, especially his five-character poems.
What surprised him the most was his "Luo Shen Fu".
In this lyric poem, Luo Shen's external beauty and internal beauty are displayed in many ways, shaping a beautiful woman with both physical and mental integrity and classical beauty.
Among them, there are a lot of descriptions about Luo Shen, such as:
If you are surprised, if you are Youlong.
Glory Qiuju, Song Chun, Hua Mao.
As if a cloud had covered the moon,
Fluttering like a snow.
…………
"Anti-Joan regards harmony as the most important thing, and it is called a hidden son." This mainly describes Luo Shen's response to the king's affection.
And "If you are surprised, if you are Youlong." "Harmony" is bright and beautiful, and it is complementary to the pair. Described the posture and appearance of Luo Shen respectively.
This Luo Shen Fu was imagined by borrowing the name of Fu Fei in the myth and legend. With meticulous description and exaggerated rendering, it depicts Luo Shen's beautiful, affectionate, naive and affectionate character.
In fact, this is Cao Zhi's own pursuit of the ideal of a better social life.
Finally, as mentioned above, Cao Cao is a schizophrenic, commonly known as a psychopath?
The separation of his two sons can be reflected in him, can't it?
Insist on sharing some knowledge every night. This process is very happy, I am thinking! I found that few people read it, and I didn't write these contents, and I really hope to promote them and let everyone know about China's traditional culture, which is more than one million words. Hang in there ~ Come on!