Bill 1 .. bill type (1) bill. A bill of exchange is an instruction issued by the drawer and unconditionally paid by the payer to the designated payee according to the agreed payment period (spot or forward). (2) promissory notes. The drawee of a promissory note is the drawer himself. (3) check. The drawee of this check is a bank. 2. Bill behavior (1) issuing tickets (2) endorsement. Endorsement is the act of the payee signing or making some comments on the back of the bill, indicating the transfer of the bill. The transferor is called an endorser and the transferee is called an endorsee. The transferee can endorse it again and then transfer it, so that a bill can be transferred multiple times. The types of endorsements are: a. Blank endorsements. Endorsers only sign, without comments. B. endorsement by name. The endorser signs and indicates that the ticket is transferred to the designated person. C. restrict endorsement. The endorser signs the ticket and indicates the restrictive conditions. (3) tips. When a bill is issued or accepted for payment or forward, the holder shall present the bill to the drawee. (4) signature. The holder must first ask the drawee to sign the bill. After the drawee sees the bill, in addition to the immediate payment, the time draft must also have its signature, date and some notes, such as "payment 30 days after sight". (5) acceptance. If a time draft needs to be accepted, the holder must ask the drawee for acceptance before payment, that is, the drawee will endorse the word acceptance on the draft, and then sign, date and some comments. (6) Participate in the acceptance. When a bill of exchange is presented to the drawee to refuse acceptance, with the consent of the holder, the acceptor will participate in acceptance, and he will annotate the bill with the words "participating in acceptance", signature and date. The acceptor does not become the principal debtor of the bill like the acceptor, and he only assumes the payment obligation when the payer refuses to pay. (7) guarantee. Bill guarantee is the guarantee that the guarantor pays the fare to the specific debtor of the bill. (8) payment. Immediate payment, forward payment. (9) Refusing to accept or pay. The holder presents the bill and the acceptor refuses to accept it; Or if the payer refuses to pay at the due date, a refusal certificate shall be made. A refusal certificate is a legal document issued by a statutory notary office or other institutions with the right to issue certificates at the place where the holder requests payment within the statutory time limit to prove that the payer refuses to accept or refuse to pay. After obtaining the rejection certificate, the holder can exercise the right of recourse against the previous endorser without prompting for payment. (10) recourse. Geneva negotiable instruments law stipulates that a negotiable instrument loses its right of recourse due to the extinction of limitation. For example, the rights of the acceptor of a bill of exchange are valid for 3 years from the maturity date, and the holder's right of recourse against the prior party is from the date of self-denial or from the maturity date 1 year; Where the indorser of a bill of exchange pays off the bill and recourse is made to the previous party, the indorser of the bill of exchange is valid for 6 months from the date of payment. Transport document 1. Type of consignment note (1) Export warehouse receipt or bill of lading (2) Export goods declaration form or export goods list (3) Export goods consignment note (2) Freight bill type (1) Ocean bill of lading (2) Entrust booking change order (3) Railway bill of lading (4) Receipt of goods carried (5) (2) Buyer and seller handle customs declaration. (3) Basis for the Seller to prepare other documents. (4) In the absence of a sight draft, the seller will collect money from the buyer with the invoice. 2. The contents of the invoice (1) shall be marked with the words "commercial invoice" or "invoice". (2) The full name and detailed address of the exporter shall be provided. (3) The name and address of the importer shall be stated. (4) Indicate the invoice number and contract number. (5) indicate the place of departure and destination. (6) Describe the goods in detail. (7) marks and numbers and part number. (8) necessary statements. (9) Import license number. (10) Signature and seal of the exporter. (1 1) Certification of CCPIT. (12) Consular visa. Customs invoice 1. The function of customs invoice (1) is used for importers to submit goods for verification, valuation and taxation. (2) Provide the origin of the goods. (3) For the customs of the importing country to inquire about the price of goods in the domestic market and confirm whether there is dumping. (4) It is convenient for statistics. 2. There are many different customs invoice formats in different countries. Please pay attention to the specific operation. 3. The preparation of customs invoice (1) must be completely consistent with the corresponding items of commercial invoice. (2) When the domestic market price or cost price must be listed, it should be noted that it is lower than the FOB price of sales. (3) Accurate calculation of freight, insurance and packaging fees. (4) The customs invoice shall be paid to the consignee or the notified person of the bill of lading. (5) The signatory of the customs invoice may be signed by the person in charge of the exporting unit, and the witness must be signed by another person, not the same person. The insurance clauses are printed on the back of the insurance document, and the following contents should be written on the front: (1) name of the insured (2) shipping mark (3) name of the goods (4) insured amount. General invoice amount increased by 10%. (5) Name of ship or means of transport (6) sailing date (7) rate, generally "as arranged". (8) transportation starting point and end point. (9) risks. Generally, the insurance is covered according to the compensation clause of C.I.C. (10). Compensation is generally paid at the insured destination. (1 1) Date of insurance. Certificate of Origin There are many certificates of origin issued by different issuing agencies in China. They are: 1. Certificate of Origin of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade. Generalized system of preferences certificate of origin. Certificate of origin of the same institution in the European economy. Declaration of origin for export to the United States. Inspection certificate of commodities from other places of origin 1. China national inspection agency inspection certificate (1) quality inspection certificate (2) weight inspection certificate (3) quantity inspection certificate (4) veterinary certificate (5) hygiene inspection certificate (6) disinfection inspection certificate (7) certificate of origin (8). (2) Inspection certificate of 2)OMIS (a company in Tokyo, Japan). (3)BV (headquartered in France) inspection certificate. (4) Pre-shipment inspection certificate issued by the importer's representative. EDI paperless trade EDI electronic data exchange is the process of data exchange between import and export trade parties and international trade-related links such as banks, customs, transportation, insurance and commodity inspection through computer networks in mutually recognized and agreed standard formats, thus completing the whole process of trade. The popularization of EDI paperless trade depends on: 1. The wide application of electronic computers. Establishment of standards. Include communication standards, document standards, file format standards, etc. The establishment of 3.3. EDI coordination center
Export freight procedure
1. Shipping 1. Prepare the shipping schedule. Sinotrans companies prepare monthly export shipping schedules and distribute them to foreign trade companies and industrial and trade enterprises, listing the route, name and nationality of the ship, arrival date, deadline for receiving goods, expected date of shipment and name of port of call (i.e. port of call of the ship). According to this, foreign trade companies and industrial and trade enterprises urge the certification to prepare goods. 2. Handling goods. Foreign trade companies can handle consignment after receiving foreign letters of credit and checking (or amending) them correctly. According to the relevant shipping terms in the letter of credit or contract, fill in the consignment note and provide a full set of documents, and send them to Sinotrans before the closing date of receipt as the basis for booking the shipping space. 3. Get the shipping documents. After receiving the relevant documents, the shipping company will prepare the shipping export consignment note and arrange the ship and shipping space with the relevant shipping company; Then, the shipping company will issue a bill of lading as a certificate to inform the ship to receive and deliver goods. 4. Loading and shipping. According to the shipping schedule, foreign shipping companies pick up the goods from the delivery warehouse on behalf of foreign trade companies and transport them to the dock. The dock tally company counts the goods and ships them with the shipping documents issued by the ocean shipping company. 5. Exchange of bills of lading. After the goods are loaded, the captain or the first mate will issue a "first mate's receipt" or "dock receipt" to explain the details of the goods received. The shipper shall exchange the above receipt for the bill of lading from the relevant shipping company. 6. Issue the shipping notice. After the goods are loaded, the consignor can send the shipping notice to the foreign buyer, so that the other party can prepare the payment, honor the bill and handle the receipt. If it is C & F or FOB contracts, it is particularly important to issue shipping advice in time because the insurance is handled by the buyer himself. 2. Land consignment 1. Compilation of freight car plan. All foreign trade companies, industry and trade enterprises should report the wagon plan to Sinotrans every other month, indicate the destination, and urge the goods to be prepared accordingly. 2. Handling goods. All foreign trade companies, industrial and trade enterprises can handle the consignment after receiving the foreign letter of credit and verifying it, that is, according to the relevant shipment amount in the letter of credit or contract, as well as the name, number and date of shipment of the goods, fill in the "consignment note" and provide relevant documents, and send it to the shipping company as the basis for booking the wagons. 3. Implement truck shipment. After receiving the consignment note, Sinotrans will contact the railway station according to the stowage principle, the nature of the goods, the quantity of the goods and the arrival of the station. , combined with the wagon plan, the railway bureau shall apply for wagons to the higher railway sub-bureau. 4. Pick up the goods and load the car. According to the delivery date, Sinotrans Company picks up the goods from the delivery warehouse on behalf of the foreign trade company and transports them to the station freight yard, and the station loads them with the freight documents. 5. Get the bill of lading. After the goods are loaded, the station weighbridge will issue a bill of lading stating the details of the goods received. Where conditions permit, the customs may supervise the customs clearance and go through the formalities of transit. Sinotrans companies issue receipts for goods against waybills, that is, land bills of lading. 6. Send a shipping notice. After the goods are shipped, foreign trade companies or industrial and trade enterprises can send shipping notices to the buyer, so that the buyer can prepare payment, honor bills and handle receipt. 3. air consignment 1. Handle the consignment. All foreign trade companies and industrial and trade enterprises can handle the consignment after receiving the letter of credit, that is, according to the relevant shipping terms in the letter of credit and contract, as well as the name, number of pieces, date of shipment and destination of the goods. , fill in the consignment note and provide relevant documents, which will be sent to Sinotrans as the basis for booking flights. 2. Arrange the cargo hold. After receiving the consignment note and related documents, foreign shipping companies will arrange shipping space with China Civil Aviation according to the stowage principle, cargo nature, cargo quantity and destination. , and then the air waybill will be issued by China Civil Aviation. 3. pretend. According to the flight, the sinotrans company takes the goods from the warehouse and sends them to the airport on behalf of foreign trade companies or industrial and trade enterprises, and sends the goods to the designated shipping space with the loading documents. 4. Issue the waybill. After the goods are loaded, China Civil Aviation will issue the general waybill, and the forwarding company will issue the sub-waybill. The waybill has three originals and twelve copies. Three originals, the first for the consignor, the second for the shipping company, and the third for the consignee with the goods. Twelve copies are used for customs declaration, financial settlement, foreign agency, transit distribution and other purposes. 5. Send delivery notice. After the goods are loaded, you can send a delivery notice to the buyer, so that the other party can prepare for payment, exchange documents and handle the receipt.