I. Basic information
In recent years, all levels and departments in our city have taken the development of modern agriculture with characteristics as an important measure to change the mode of rural economic development, promote agricultural efficiency and increase farmers' income, and accelerate rural development and progress, and achieved certain results.
(a) Clear development goals. Based on the natural resource endowment of our city, the development goals of fully tapping regional characteristics, vigorously cultivating agricultural characteristic industrial system and vigorously developing facility agriculture, ecological green agriculture and leisure and healthy agriculture are put forward. In order to put the development goals and specific measures in place, the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government issued the "Implementation Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting Rural Reform and Accelerating the Development of Modern Agriculture with Characteristics" [DocumentNo. Nan Wei Fa/KLOC-0], which was implemented by all levels and departments. Counties (cities, districts) have also formulated corresponding industrial development plans and implementation measures in light of their own reality. For example, Yanping District has formulated and implemented the 13th Five-Year Modern Agriculture Development Plan of Yanping District of Nanping City, the Flower Industry Development Plan of Yanping District of Nanping City (20 13-2020) and the Seedling Industry Development Plan of Yanping District (20 13-2020).
(2) Promote the development of the industry. After years of hard work, a number of characteristic industries have formed a certain scale. For example, the tea garden area in the city has reached 609,000 mu, with a total output of 64,700 tons, and there are 60 tea enterprises above designated size, achieving an industrial output value of 5.87 billion yuan; The total output of edible fungi and fresh mushrooms in the city is 285,900 tons, and seven production bases, including Shunchang Seafood Mushroom, Jianyang Agrocybe aegerita and Pucheng Ganoderma lucidum, have been built. Shunchang Shennong Mushroom has developed into the largest and only white seafood mushroom producer in China, accounting for 40% of the domestic market share. All the counties (cities, districts) in the whole city 10 are listed as provincial-level demonstration counties for under-forest economy, and 87 demonstration bases for under-forest economy have been established, with an area of10.7 million mu, achieving an economic output value of/kloc-0 1.654.38+0.945 billion yuan. After more than 20 years' development, Fujian Shengnong Industrial Co., Ltd. has developed into a characteristic modern agriculture with highly integrated primary, secondary and tertiary industries under the jurisdiction of Fujian Shengnong Development Co., Ltd., Fujian Shengnong Food Co., Ltd., Guangze Shengnong Catering Development Co., Ltd., Guangze Xingrui Liquefied Gas Co., Ltd. and Fujian Shengnong Organic Fertilizer Factory. The barley industry in Pucheng county has also been well developed. At present, there are 20 professional cooperatives of coix seed in the county, with a planting area of 26,000 mu, which are distributed in towns and villages such as Lu Guan, Guancuo and Jiumu.
(3) Innovating the operation mechanism. Shunchang county was established with county forestry bureau and credit union as the main body. Shunchang county forestry financial service center. With the forest assets of 360,000 mu of forest land in the county state-owned forest farm as the guarantee, commercial banks will provide the forest farmers in the county with services such as forest right evaluation, forest right mortgage loan guarantee, and disposal of forest right in case of default of mortgage loan, so as to turn living trees into living money and solve the financing problems of enterprises and forest farmers. Nanping Xiangtong Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd. was established on June 5438+ 10, 2005. After years of efforts, it has developed into a leading enterprise of modern agricultural industrialization integrating planting, processing and sales. There is a 10 standard pollution-free vegetable planting base and a 3,300-mu and 4,000-square-meter standardized pollution-free vegetable processing workshop, and 53 varieties have passed the national pollution-free product certification (the most varieties in the same industry in the province). In Fuzhou, Xiamen and other cities, supermarkets set up brand counters for sales, and began to invest 20 14? Wuyi yifang store? Micro-mall network management system platform and e-commerce distribution team construction, the first e-commerce member home-delivered pollution-free vegetable business model in our province, to carry out vegetable online sales. At present, there are 3,800 direct selling members, and the fresh vegetables delivered directly to the door every year are 1.500 tons, and the sales income of e-commerce is 20 million yuan.
Second, the main problems
Generally speaking, the characteristic agriculture in our city is still in the primary stage of development, and there are still problems such as insufficient scale, insufficient strength, insufficient brand, insufficient industrial chain and insufficient support policies.
(A) the scale is not large enough
The difficulty of land circulation is the main reason for the small scale of characteristic industries. Although our city issued the "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating Rural Land Circulation to Promote Scale Operation (Trial)", established a three-level land circulation service platform at county, township and village levels, provided financing guarantee institutions for land circulation, and strengthened guidance on land circulation, the land circulation rate was still low. The transfer area of rural land in the city is only 8 1.37 million mu, with a transfer rate of 27.8%. Because the land cannot be transferred and concentrated, operators who are willing to expand production cannot further expand their business scale, and the industrial scale is generally small. It is understood that the main reasons for the difficulty in rural land transfer are: 1, farmers depend on land cultivation for a living, and after land transfer, they have the advantages of losing land and unemployment. Land rent cannot meet all the needs of families and they are unwilling to transfer land. 2. After farmers' land transfer, the purchased production tools, machinery and equipment and other input assets are idle, causing losses and unwilling to transfer land. 3. Some farmers want to get the maximum benefit from land transfer, and some farmers put forward excessive requirements for land transfer compensation, which increases the difficulty of land transfer. 4. Some village committees are not enthusiastic about land circulation, thinking that land circulation is not good for them, the wealth of the village has not increased, and the affairs are complicated, so they do not actively support land circulation.
(B) the strength is not strong enough
First, the supporting infrastructure construction is weak. Our city is located in hilly and mountainous areas, with scattered cultivated land, insufficient farmland infrastructure such as water, electricity and roads, poor production conditions and weak ability to resist natural disasters.
Second, the leading industries are not prominent, and the characteristic advantages are not obvious. ? One county, one industry, one village, one product? The scale of regional aquaculture has not yet been formed, and the characteristics have not really formed an advantage. For example, after years of efforts, Yanping Lily has grown to 4,000 mu with an output value of 240 million yuan, but in the whole agriculture, compared with Yanping District, it is not the leading industry.
Third, the lack of characteristic agricultural insurance business has become a reason why the industry is not strong. Except for rice and forest, other areas such as characteristic agriculture are not insured, which also increases the risk of developing characteristic modern agriculture. For example, thousands of acres of lotus fields outside Zhenghe County were flooded during the flowering period, resulting in a loss of more than 2 million yuan. Because there is no insurance, all the losses are borne by farmers.
(C) the brand is not good enough
The performance is that there is no characteristic brand and the market competitiveness is not strong. Many products have characteristics in the county, but there are not many characteristics and advantages outside the county and outside the city, and there is a lack of real brand-name and fist products. For example, spinach in Jian 'ou ji yang, Alisma orientale and spinach in Pucheng are well-known in the county, but not well-known outside the county, and the sales market is basically limited in the county.
(D) The industrial chain is not long enough
First, there is a lack of powerful leading enterprises. Leading enterprises are not only few in number, but also small in scale, among which there are many primary processing enterprises with limited driving ability, and the characteristic resources basically stay in the state of selling raw materials and primary processing. For example, although the barley in Pucheng has developed to a certain scale, the deep processing of barley can't keep up, and it basically stays in the state of selling raw materials.
Second, the degree of industrialization is not high, and the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries is not good. Most characteristic agricultural enterprises only produce raw materials, and only some of them have processed raw materials. However, there are very few enterprises like Shengnong Company that have achieved three industrial integration development and formed a relatively complete, closely connected and organically linked industrial chain from pre-production, mid-production and post-production of agricultural production.
Support policies are not strong enough.
First, the subsidy policy is unreasonable. Taking the construction of protective fruit and vegetable greenhouses as an example, there are the following problems in the project implementation: 1, and the threshold of starting compensation area is high. The landform of our city is mainly mountainous and hilly, and the provincial standard of 20 mu concentrated contiguous destitute areas is still high. 2. The subsidy standard is low. The cost of greenhouse is about 20,000 yuan per mu, which only saves 5,000 yuan, accounting for only 25% of the cost. The proportion of farmers' self-raised funds is too high, which makes it difficult to popularize facility agriculture.
Second, the policy implementation is not in place. Taking Shunchang seafood mushroom production as an example, the production electricity consumption is 0.6806 yuan/kWh, which is 0.66 1 1 yuan/kWh higher than the industrial electricity price of county-level network in northern Fujian, and the production cost per ton of seafood mushroom products increases by 260 yuan. The varieties of fresh mushrooms are not listed in the catalogue of fresh agricultural products, so they can't enjoy the preferential policy of green channel for the circulation of fresh agricultural products, and the transportation cost increases by 300 yuan per ton. At the end of 20 13, our province began to implement the preferential policy of 30% electricity consumption for provincial farmers' pioneer parks (including provincial farmers' entrepreneurship demonstration bases), but most characteristic agricultural enterprises were absent? Two gardens? Within, can't enjoy preferential policies.
Third, the problem of financing difficulties is more prominent. In terms of direct financing, because most characteristic agricultural enterprises are in the early stage of development, the scale is relatively small and the strength is relatively weak, and they do not have the conditions for direct listing financing. In terms of indirect financing (loans), although financial institutions such as Agricultural Bank of China and Rural Commercial Bank provide a series of agricultural loan products. Taking rural commercial banks as an example, agricultural loan products include micro-credit loans for farmers, rural youth entrepreneurship loans, farmers' joint guarantee loans, women's entrepreneurship loans, lily loans, inclusive financial cards and other financial products. The loan products that support rural enterprises include: small enterprise guarantee loans, small and micro enterprise mortgage loans, guarantee company guarantee loans, and small and micro enterprise forest right mortgage loans. However, the amount of loan products is relatively small and the term is short. For farmers and enterprises, only emergency turnover can be solved, which can not meet the needs of medium and long-term investment and development. Due to the harsh conditions of collateral identification and imperfect guarantee system, it is very difficult to borrow money.
Third, some suggestions.
Developing characteristic modern agriculture is an important way for our city to develop from a traditional agricultural city to a strong agricultural city. In particular, some counties with weak industrial base and good agricultural production conditions and foundations should focus on the deep processing of regional characteristic agricultural products, strive to become bigger, stronger and better characteristic agriculture, extend the industrial chain, promote the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries and promote the all-round economic development. At this stage, we should focus on the following issues.
(A) do a big characteristic agriculture
First, we must strengthen land circulation. Characteristic agriculture must have a moderate scale to be effective, so we should change the tradition? Three cents per acre? Small-scale peasant production mode enlarges the scale of characteristic industries through land transfer. Departments at all levels should conscientiously implement the "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating Rural Land Circulation to Promote Scale Operation (Trial)", improve the service platform and financing guarantee institutions for land circulation in counties, townships and villages, strengthen the guidance on land circulation, and promote the orderly transfer of rural land contractual management rights to large professional households, family farms, farmers' cooperatives and agricultural enterprises, and finally realize the goal of developing characteristic industries. To solve the problem of difficult land transfer, Pucheng County suggests taking the following measures: 1, encouraging township organizations to transfer rural land on a large scale in three years 100 mu and strive for provincial subsidies 100 yuan per mu. 2, encourage enterprises in accordance with the relevant labor laws and regulations, relatively stable employment of farmers after land transfer, in order to solve the worries of farmers lost land and unemployment.
Second, we must strengthen the cultivation of new agricultural management entities. To scale up the industry, we need not only land, but also people who are good at management. It is generally believed that having high-quality agricultural management talents and labor force is a prerequisite for developing modern characteristic agriculture. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the training of new agricultural business entities, such as agricultural business entities, heads of professional cooperatives, family farmers and large-scale farmers, and improve their business knowledge and management level. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the guidance of farmers' professional cooperatives, promote their standardized operation and improve the level of organization.
(2) Strengthening characteristic agriculture
First, vigorously develop modern agriculture with facilities. It is necessary to take the development of facility agriculture as a breakthrough, promote the development of modern agriculture with characteristics, make full use of it, introduce subsidy policies for facility agriculture and preferential policies for electricity consumption, and do a good job in the construction of modern facility planting and breeding bases such as fruits and vegetables, edible fungi, flowers, livestock and poultry, and fisheries. Through the construction of facilities, the land output rate will be improved and the ability to resist natural disasters will be enhanced.
Second, we must vigorously cultivate leading enterprises. According to different enterprises, different countermeasures should be taken. First, promotion. For the leading enterprises with obvious advantages, good market prospects and strong driving ability, we should concentrate on cultivating provincial and municipal leading enterprises to play a greater driving role. The second is transformation. For enterprises with general operating conditions but certain assets, it is necessary to increase the mobilization of reform and restructuring, introduce enterprises with financial strength and good brands for grafting transformation, and make them grow up as soon as possible by injecting funds and innovating mechanisms. The third is training. Small processing enterprises with obvious characteristics, close relationship with farmers' income and great development potential should be helped to improve product grades and market competitiveness, expand industrial scale, improve development level and play a leading role.
Third, strive to speed up the construction of the park. It is necessary to give full play to the role of the park as a demonstration window, a gathering platform and an entrepreneurial carrier, and strive to put forward implementation opinions on comprehensively promoting rural reform and accelerating the development of modern agriculture with characteristics? One area, three parks and nine bases? Make it a demonstration window for the transformation and upgrading of modern agriculture in our city.
(3) Do a good job in characteristic agriculture
One is to improve the standardization level of products. It is necessary to speed up the establishment and improvement of the characteristic agricultural standardization system. Take the development of pollution-free agricultural products and green organic food as the standardization direction, guide leading enterprises to establish brand awareness, increase brand investment, and carry out standardized production in strict accordance with brand requirements.
Second, strive to build a brand of characteristic agricultural products. At present, there are few well-known, influential and well-known brands in our city, so it is urgent to integrate resource advantages, highlight market orientation and make a number of characteristic agricultural brands bigger and stronger. It is necessary to comprehensively sort out the city's characteristic agricultural products and accelerate the creation of a number of new brands on the basis of consolidating and maintaining a number of old brands. It is necessary to intensify the promotion of products, give full play to the organization and coordination functions of government departments, increase the publicity of the whole province and even the whole country, and expand the marketing of characteristic agricultural products in foreign markets by establishing purchase and sale cooperation and docking agricultural supermarkets.
(4) Extending the characteristic agricultural industrial chain.
Extending industrial chain is the key to developing characteristic modern agriculture. Leading enterprises with strength should take Shengnong Company as an example and develop themselves into modern agriculture with characteristics integrating production, processing, marketing and e-commerce.
First, vigorously develop the processing industry, promote the transformation of characteristic resources and increase the added value of products. It is necessary to further open agriculture to the outside world, increase investment attraction in agriculture, focus on introducing all kinds of capital into agricultural development, establish agricultural enterprises, and carry out deep processing and development of characteristic agricultural products. Special attention should be paid to the introduction of deep processing enterprises with a certain planting scale, such as Coix seed, Dangui and Sapindus mukoraiensis.
Second, we should expand the market of featured products. Change tradition? Small blue sale? Small-scale peasant economy mode, build a diversified sales system, enrich marketing channels and methods, realize online and offline development with the help of e-commerce, and promote the sales of characteristic agricultural products. At present, it is especially necessary to carry out scientific planning and rational layout, and strive to build a characteristic agricultural product trading market in northern Fujian.
Third, we must focus on docking? Internet plus? Promote the integration and development of three industries. We must actively adapt to the new normal of economic development and actively integrate into the tide of the Internet economy. Internet plus? And then what? Green+? Combine them, develop new formats such as e-commerce, promote the integration of e-commerce and characteristic modern agriculture, and promote the integration and development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries.
(five) to provide effective services for the development of characteristic agriculture.
First, we must conscientiously implement various support policies promulgated by the state and the province. In particular, it is necessary to implement preferential policies such as the construction of protected fruit and vegetable greenhouses, the green channel for the circulation of fresh agricultural products, and electricity consumption for agricultural production, and actively reflect them to the province: 1. Adjust the subsidy policy for the construction of protected fruit and vegetable greenhouses, reduce the initial compensation area standard for the construction of protected fruit and vegetable greenhouses in mountainous areas from 20 mu to 10 mu, and increase the subsidy ratio for the construction of protected fruit and vegetable greenhouses from 25% to 40%. 2. Adjust the catalogue of fresh agricultural products and include fresh mushrooms in the catalogue. In view of the continuous emergence of fresh agricultural products, especially new varieties of edible fungi, it is suggested that the fresh agricultural products that enjoy the preferential policies of green channel in circulation in the future should be based on categories (such as edible fungi) rather than specific varieties. 3. It is suggested that enterprises engaged in characteristic agricultural production outside the park should be assessed according to the standards set by provincial farmers' pioneer parks (including provincial farmers' entrepreneurship demonstration bases), and enterprises that meet the assessment standards should be given 30% electricity preference.
The second is to make full use of various policies and funds to support agriculture. Make full use of characteristic agricultural development projects, integrate all kinds of funds for benefiting farmers and supporting agriculture, bundle them and increase investment in the construction of characteristic industrial bases. It is necessary to adjust the investment direction of financial funds and invest the limited financial funds in the development of leading enterprises, the safety inspection of agricultural products and the creation of brand-name products. Especially for enterprises and industries that can not only increase farmers' income, but also increase fiscal revenue, we should focus on investment.