Question 2: What is a wholly state-owned enterprise? What is its essence? Private enterprises belong to all non-public enterprises. Except for "state-owned" and "state holding", other types of enterprises are private enterprises as long as they have no state-owned capital. This word is very common in Chinese mainland and Taiwan Province province.
At present, most of the private enterprises in People's Republic of China (PRC) are private enterprises. Because traditional capitalism opposes private ownership, People's Republic of China (PRC) and People's Republic of China (PRC) named it "private enterprise". However, there is no concept of "private enterprise" in People's Republic of China (PRC)'s laws, and "private enterprise" only came into being in the process of China's economic system reform.
Question 3: What is a state-owned enterprise? Enterprises with state investment or holding investment are called state-owned enterprises.
State-owned holding enterprises refer to industrial enterprises whose state-owned assets (shares) account for the largest capital (shares) relative to any other owners. Including absolute holding enterprises and relative holding enterprises. When the state-owned assets (shares) of an enterprise are equal to those of other owners (half or one-third), the enterprise is also counted as a state-owned holding enterprise.
Now the meaning of state-owned enterprises is very vague, and it changes every time. Broadly speaking, state-owned holding enterprises belong to state-owned enterprises. All key state-owned enterprises are supervised by SAAC, and local SAAC supervises smaller enterprises. What you say depends on the nature of state-owned assets, who is the funder, etc. In principle, it is managed by SASAC, but it depends on the situation.
For example, Wuliangye in Yibin ...
Question 4: What are state-owned assets? What are their classifications? What are their ranges? How to define ownership? First, the concept.
State-owned assets are the sum total of various economic resources legally owned by the state and capable of providing economic and social benefits for the country. It is the floorboard of the state-owned property and property rights. The country belongs to the historical category, so the state-owned assets are also formed and developed with the emergence of the country. In real economic life, the concept of "state-owned assets" has two different understandings: broad and narrow.
State-owned assets in broad sense
That is, state-owned property refers to all kinds of property, materials, creditor's rights and other rights and interests owned by the state, including: 1. Property belonging to the state obtained according to national laws; 2. Property that should be owned by the state based on the exercise of state administrative power; 3. Various assets invested by the state in various ways; 4. Property owned by the state because of accepting various gifts; 5. Property that should be owned by the state due to the income from the existing assets of the state.
State-owned assets in a narrow sense
The sum of all kinds of economic resources legally owned by the country and capable of providing future benefits for the country. Operating state-owned assets refer to the capital and rights legally owned by the state as the investor in the enterprise. Operating assets include: state-owned assets of enterprises; Non-operating assets occupied and used by administrative institutions are transformed into operating assets through various forms to obtain profits; The part of state-owned resources put into production and operation.
Other concepts
The state refers to the funds actually invested by the state in this enterprise to assume obligations and enjoy rights, that is, the funds invested in this enterprise to form paid-in capital (share capital). State-owned corporate capital refers to the capital invested by state-owned enterprises and state-owned institutions. Undertake obligations and enjoy rights with the assets it occupies, that is, the capital invested in this enterprise to form legal person capital (legal person shares). The total amount of state-owned assets refers to the sum of state capital, and the share of assets that ultimately belong to the state in such projects as state-owned corporate capital, capital reserve, surplus reserve and undistributed profits.
Second, the classification of state-owned assets
Operating state-owned assets
Operating state-owned assets refer to the capital and rights and interests owned by the state as an investor in an enterprise according to law. Specifically, the operational state-owned assets refer to all the properties engaged in the fields of product production, circulation and commercial services. , and operate or use it according to law, and its property rights belong to the state.
Characteristics of operating state-owned assets:
Sports, value-added, and diversified management methods.
Operating state-owned assets
Characteristics of operating state-owned assets: liquidity, appreciation and diversity of management methods. Classification of operating state-owned assets:
1, according to different industrial sectors:
(1) Assets that are basically engaged in the production and operation activities of the primary industry.
(2) assets that are basically engaged in the production and operation activities of the secondary industry.
(3) the assets of the main departments of the tertiary industry engaged in production and business activities.
(four) other operating state-owned assets.
2, according to the nature of enterprise assets management activities:
(1) Assets of financial state-owned enterprises
(2) Assets of non-financial state-owned enterprises
3. According to whether it is directly invested by the state: operating state-owned assets formed by direct state investment and operating state-owned assets formed by indirect state investment.
4. According to different fields: domestic operating state-owned assets and overseas operating state-owned assets.
5, according to the different proportion of state-owned capital in the enterprise:
(1) Assets of wholly state-owned enterprises
(2) Assets of state-owned holding enterprises
(3) The state shares the assets of the enterprise.
6. According to different administrative levels: operating assets managed by the central government and operating assets managed by local governments.
Administrative state-owned assets
State-owned assets of administrative institutions refer to the sum of various economic resources that administrative institutions possess, use and legally confirm as state-owned and can be measured in money. Including: assets allocated by the state to administrative institutions, assets formed by administrative units using state-owned assets to organize income in accordance with national policies, and assets accepted by donations and other legally recognized state-owned assets.
Administrative state-owned assets
State-owned assets of administrative institutions refer to the sum of various economic resources that administrative institutions possess, use and legally confirm as state-owned and can be measured in money. Including: assets allocated by the state to administrative institutions, and administrative institutions use state-owned assets in accordance with national policies ... >>
Question 5: What kind of enterprise does the investment company belong to? According to different organizational forms, it can be divided into sole proprietorship, partnership and company. According to the different legal attributes of enterprises, they can be divided into legal person enterprises and unincorporated enterprises; According to different industries, enterprises can be divided into industrial enterprises, agricultural enterprises, construction enterprises, transportation enterprises, post and telecommunications enterprises, commercial enterprises, foreign trade enterprises and so on.
What are you asking?
Question 6: What is the nature of wholly-owned subsidiaries of state-owned enterprises? One-person company is responsible, and the license states "limited liability company (sole proprietorship by legal person)".
Question 7: What kind of company does the nature of the enterprise refer to? One-person limited liability company, limited liability company, wholly state-owned company and joint stock limited company. One-person limited liability company refers to a company with only one natural person shareholder, and the minimum registered capital is100000, which is also a special form of limited liability company. A wholly state-owned company refers to a company established by the state alone and a kind of limited liability company, also known as a state-owned enterprise; A limited liability company refers to a company composed of more than two natural person shareholders and less than fifty shareholders, with a minimum registered capital of 30,000 yuan; A joint stock limited company refers to a company established by way of offering, with a minimum registered capital of 500 yuan. All the above companies have legal personality. Sino-foreign joint ventures refer to enterprises established by Chinese and foreign parties in a certain proportion. Chinese-foreign cooperative enterprises refer to Chinese-foreign cooperative enterprises; Wholly foreign-owned enterprises refer to enterprises established by foreign investors; A partnership refers to an enterprise established by two or more natural persons in partnership and bearing unlimited external liabilities; A sole proprietorship enterprise refers to an enterprise invested and established by a natural person, with unlimited external liabilities. The above-mentioned enterprises do not have legal person status.
Question 8: What does the capital nature of an enterprise mean? State-owned capital, enterprise capital and natural person capital
Question 9: What is the nature of private enterprises? There are different views on the concept of private enterprises in economics. One view is that private enterprises are legal person economic entities with private investment, private operation, private enjoyment of investment income and private undertaking of business risks.
Another view is that relatively state-owned enterprises can be divided into state-owned private enterprises and private private enterprises according to different forms of ownership. The property rights of state-owned private enterprises belong to the state, and the lessee shall, in accordance with the requirements of the market economy, raise funds by itself, operate independently, be responsible for its own profits and losses and bear its own risks. Private enterprises refer to individual enterprises and private enterprises.
There is also a view that it should be defined by the source and composition of capital of enterprises. If the capital of an enterprise takes private assets (including funds, movable property and real estate) as the investment subject, it can be called "private enterprise". "Private" is a word with China characteristics. Private assets in a narrow sense refer to the private property of China citizens, excluding state-owned assets and foreign assets (assets owned by overseas owners). Therefore, private enterprises refer to all enterprises except state-owned enterprises, state-owned assets holding enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises in China, including sole proprietorships, partnerships, limited liability companies and joint stock limited companies. From the perspective of enterprise management and control, limited liability companies and joint stock limited companies that contain a small part of state-owned assets and/or foreign-invested assets but do not have enterprise management and control rights can also be called "private enterprises".
In a broad sense, the definition of private enterprises in China is only relative to state-owned enterprises, but it is compatible with any non-state-owned enterprises, including state-owned and holding enterprises. So the concept of private enterprises can be summarized as follows: all non-state-owned enterprises are private enterprises.
"Private enterprises" in a narrow sense only refers to private enterprises and joint ventures with private enterprises as the main body. Due to historical reasons, the concept of "private enterprise" is not easy to get rid of discrimination. Investors, operators, employees and social workers who are interested in promoting the development of private enterprises tend to use the neutral name "private enterprise", which makes "private enterprise" another name for private enterprises in many cases, and this paper also agrees with this statement. The definition of private enterprises in this paper mainly lies in its narrow sense.
All non-public enterprises are collectively referred to as private enterprises. In the Company Law, enterprises are classified according to the form of capital organization, mainly including: wholly state-owned, state-holding companies, limited liability companies, joint stock limited companies, partnerships and sole proprietorship enterprises. According to the above definition of the connotation of private enterprises, except state-owned enterprises and state-controlled enterprises, all other enterprises belong to private enterprises as long as they have no state-owned capital.
Privatization does not mean privatization, nor does privatization mean privatization. At present, some foreign scholars equate privatization with privatization, which is wrong. We can distinguish them clearly according to their different connotations and extensions.
Private economy refers to the economic component with the relationship of employment and labor, that is, private enterprises with capitalist nature. Legally speaking, private enterprises refer to profit-making economic organizations established or controlled by natural persons and based on wage labor. Private economy is a non-public economy. The reality includes three parts: individual economy, private economy and foreign capital economy.
Private or private economy is not a concept of ownership. From the management level, it refers to the economy with the people as the main body of operation. The corresponding concept of private or private economy can only be state-owned or government-run. Therefore, as long as it is not a state-owned or government-run economy, it is a private or private economy. In the private economy, it includes not only all private ownership economies, but also other public ownership economies besides the state-owned economy, such as township enterprises, cooperative economy, community ownership economy, association ownership economy and foundation ownership economy.
Therefore, the two are completely different. Privatization is based on operating mechanism, and privatization is based on property rights. The latter is protected by relevant laws. The former is just an academic theory. Although it is often said in practice, the industrial and commercial departments do not have the statistical caliber of privatization. It's just that the Science and Technology Department has statistics on private technology enterprises. The state has only recently issued relevant policy protection and normative documents. Historically, the concept of private operation will disappear in the future, and it has no legal status unless it is established in the future and given a stricter legal status. Because of this, our country is now very confused and vague on this issue.
In a narrow sense, "private enterprise" > >;
Question 10: What does the company mean by "state-owned"? Hello! State-owned holding company is a special enterprise legal person authorized by the state to exercise the rights of investors such as asset income, major decision-making and election manager for some state-owned assets. State-owned holding companies can be divided into two types: one is pure holding company, which does not directly engage in equity, but controls other companies or enterprises. The other is a mixed holding company, which mainly controls its subsidiaries by holding shares and directly carries out some production and business activities. The total capital of such holding companies to wholly-owned subsidiaries, holding subsidiaries and shareholding subsidiaries must exceed 50% of the registered capital, and the total capital used for direct production and operation can only be less than 50% of the registered capital of the company. In the relationship with subsidiaries, the investor shall exercise the rights of investors, and in direct production and business activities, he shall also enjoy the property rights of legal persons. When some core companies of an enterprise group are authorized as state-owned holding companies, in order to maintain the stability of production and operation, mixed holding companies can be established. However, articles of association should be formulated to prevent irregular competition between parent and subsidiary companies.