Faced with the situation that State Grid Corporation of China has many collective enterprises, complex ownership structure, long investment chain and weak management foundation, even if the state does not introduce a large-scale policy of large-scale collective reform of factories, the next step will be the reorganization and integration of collective enterprises after the separation of factories and networks, the separation of main and auxiliary enterprises and the separation of main and multiple enterprises. In this sense, on the one hand, the collective reform of State Grid Corporation System Factory is the result of the requirements and policies of the national collective reform, on the other hand, it is the need of its own reform and development. Compared with the large-scale factory-run collective in Northeast Experimental Area, the large-scale factory-run collective reform of State Grid Corporation of China also has a distinct color of its own management system and mechanism reform.
(1) The operating conditions of power grid enterprises, collective enterprises and collective enterprises in the northeast pilot area are quite different.
From the operating situation, the collective enterprises of State Grid Corporation generally operate normally, mainly focusing on the main business of power grid, mainly focusing on power grid construction, electrical equipment manufacturing and other service industries. The operation of enterprises is basically stable, forming a combination of industrial chain and price chain around power grid construction and operation. However, large-scale collective enterprises in the pilot areas of Northeast China are generally difficult to operate. According to incomplete statistics of large-scale collective enterprises in Northeast China, about two-thirds of the total number of employees are unemployed after leaving their jobs. After a large number of collective workers leave their posts and lose their jobs, it is difficult to solve the corresponding problems of life, social security and re-employment.
In addition, although the large-scale collective enterprises and pilot enterprises run by State Grid Corporation of China are also highly dependent on the business of the organizers, there are great differences in the standardization of related party transactions. Due to historical reasons, large-scale collectives run by some factories in the pilot areas have occupied assets with the host state-owned enterprises, and the property rights of assets such as land and real estate are unclear. Correspondingly, although the collective enterprises of State Grid Corporation are relatively dependent on the main business, under the self-discipline supervision of State Grid Corporation and the strict supervision of external finance, price, auditing and taxation departments, the property rights of the main business and collective enterprises are relatively clear, and there is basically no free occupation of assets between them (except for some irregularities). The related transactions between the main business and collective enterprises are standardized and basically conform to the principle of fair market transactions.
(2) Power grid enterprises, collective enterprises and their main businesses are closely coupled with their main businesses.
As mentioned above, the collective enterprises of State Grid Corporation mainly focus on power grid construction, electrical product manufacturing and other service industries, including power grid construction (including design, construction and supervision, etc.). ) and electrical products manufacturing occupy a large share, in which power grid construction occupies a monopoly position in the market, and electrical products manufacturing participates in market competition as an independent market subject. From the perspective of industrial chain, both power grid construction and electrical product manufacturing belong to the upstream of power supply main business of power grid enterprises, forming a strong support for the main business of State Grid Corporation. Coupled with the booming financial industry, new energy industry, international power grid operation and other industries, State Grid Corporation of China has formed a "concentric circle" industrial structure with power supply as its main business and Qi Fei as its financial wing (see figure 1). Electrical product manufacturing and power grid construction in power grid collective enterprises belong to two important industries in the "concentric circle" industrial layout of the State Grid: electrical equipment manufacturing and power construction. Because these businesses are closely coupled with the main power supply business of power grid in industrial layout, in fact, no matter how the national collective policy of factory management goes, they all belong to the integration object of the transformation of the development mode of state grid enterprises.
(3) Power grid enterprises are more likely to use their own strength to solve collective enterprises.
20 12 On February 3rd, State Grid Corporation of China held a deployment meeting on the reorganization and integration of scientific research industries directly under State Grid Electric Power Research Institute to discuss the internal resource reorganization and integration of State Grid Electric Power Research Institute, China Electric Power Research Institute and China Electric Power Equipment Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as CLP Equipment), and announced the reorganization and integration plan of scientific research industries directly under the company. The general idea and main principle of the reorganization and integration of directly affiliated scientific research industry are: completely separate the scientific research and industry supporting the core business of power grid, clarify the functional orientation of directly affiliated scientific research units and industrial units, and build a large-scale and high-level scientific and technological industry group. According to the integration plan, after the reorganization, State Grid Electric Power Research Institute will focus on developing industries such as power secondary equipment, industrial automation equipment, intelligent power equipment, information and communication systems and low-voltage electrical equipment; Moderately develop businesses such as direct current transmission, power electronics and auxiliary machines of power stations. CLP Equipment is the industrial carrier of power electronics and international EPC general contracting business, and China Electric Power Research Institute is a scientific research unit. From the above situation, the development strategy of State Grid provides an opportunity to solve the problem of collective enterprises. The manufacturing industry in the existing collective enterprises of power grid enterprises can be incorporated into the equipment manufacturing system directly under the State Grid, and the power grid construction industry can also be incorporated into the major construction systems of the State Grid Corporation to build their own construction and project management strength for power supply enterprises at all levels.
(4) The experience of the pilot areas shows that it is more conducive to the reform of collective enterprises to solve the problems of collective enterprises with their own strength.
Judging from the pilot experience of some central enterprises, because the large collective enterprises run by some central enterprises are in good operating condition at present, and the employees of large collective enterprises are content with the status quo and have little desire for restructuring, the employees of these large collective enterprises do not want to leave the ship of the host enterprise and have food for the host enterprise, so it is inevitable that they will have the idea of porridge to drink, which is not ideal for the restructured enterprises. At the same time, the managers of central collective enterprises are mostly sent by their enterprises and are formal employees of state-owned enterprises. Once they quit, there will be a management vacuum in collective enterprises. The survey found that after the reform of collective enterprises, all the employees sent by the host enterprises withdrew, and the newly elected leaders of collective enterprises had no management experience. As a result, the original well-run enterprises have become a mess. After the reform of collective enterprises, the organizers' managers are unwilling to stay in collective enterprises. Once they quit, collective enterprises will have a management vacuum and fall into a dilemma. The large-scale collective reform of electric power enterprises should avoid this situation after the large-scale collective reform of factories. Taking State Grid Corporation of China as an example, it is an effective way to avoid the dilemma of large-scale collective reform of power enterprises by using its own industrial integration strategy to realize the orderly restructuring and reform of collective enterprises.