1. A limited liability company (hereinafter referred to as a limited company) refers to an economic organization registered in accordance with the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Company Registration, and established with the contribution of less than 50 shareholders. Each shareholder shall be responsible to the Company to the extent of the subscribed capital contribution, and the Company shall be responsible for its debts with all its assets. Limited liability companies include wholly state-owned companies and other limited liability companies. Its advantage is that the establishment procedure is relatively simple, and there is no need to issue an announcement or account number. In particular, the company's balance sheet is generally not open, and the company's internal institutions are flexible. Its disadvantage is that it is impossible to issue shares publicly, and the scope and scale of funds raised are generally small, which is difficult to meet the needs of large-scale production and operation activities. Therefore, this form of limited liability company is generally suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises.
2. A joint-stock company refers to a company with shares as its capital, and shareholders are liable to the company to the extent of the shares subscribed by them. To establish a joint stock limited company, there shall be no less than two promoters and no less than 200 promoters, and the minimum registered capital shall be RMB 5 million. Because all joint-stock companies must be limited liability companies (but not all limited companies are joint-stock companies), they are generally called "joint-stock companies". Joint-stock companies came into being in Europe in the18th century, and were widely popular in capitalist countries in the second half of the19th century. So far, joint-stock companies have dominated the economy of capitalist countries.
A company limited by shares has the following characteristics:
(1), Limited by Share Ltd is an independent Economic legal;
(2) The number of shareholders of a joint stock limited company shall not be less than the quorum. For example, according to French regulations, the number of shareholders should be at least 7;
(3) The shareholders of a joint stock limited company shall bear limited liability for the debts of the company, and the liability limit shall be the number of shares payable by the shareholders;
(4) All the capital of a joint stock limited company is divided into equal shares, and funds are raised through public offering. Anyone can become a shareholder of the company after paying the shares, and there is no qualification restriction;
(5) The shares of the company can be freely transferred, but they cannot be withdrawn;
(6) The company's accounts must be made public so that investors can know about the company and make choices;
(7) There are strict legal procedures for the establishment and dissolution of the company, and the procedures are complicated. It can be seen that a joint stock limited company is a typical "joint venture company". Whether a person can become a shareholder of a company depends on whether he has paid the shares and bought the shares, not on his personal relationship with other shareholders. Therefore, a joint stock limited company can quickly, extensively and massively concentrate its funds. At the same time, we can also see that although the capital of unlimited liability companies, limited liability companies and joint-stock companies is also divided into shares, these companies do not publicly issue shares, and their shares cannot be freely transferred. The stocks issued and circulated in the securities market are all issued by joint-stock companies. Therefore, a narrow joint-stock company refers to a joint-stock company.
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A listed company refers to a joint stock limited company whose shares are listed and traded on the stock exchange with the approval of the securities administration department authorized by the State Council or the State Council. The so-called unlisted company refers to a joint stock limited company whose shares are not listed and traded on the stock exchange.
A listed company is a joint stock limited company, which must meet certain conditions besides being approved to be listed and traded on the stock exchange. [1] After the revision of the Company Law and the Securities Law, more enterprises will become listed companies and companies whose corporate bonds are listed and traded.