Shenzhen paisaicai sports technology co., ltd
Director of sports electronic equipment research and development
The 32nd Olympic Games ended in Tokyo on August 8th, 20021. Throughout this Olympic Games, the China delegation has performed well and achieved remarkable results.
Among them, although one person didn't get on the podium, it was a miracle that he could represent China in the final of the project as a yellow race, and that was "Flying Man" Su! The 100-meter race is a miracle, and the whole country is boiling in an instant. 9.83 seconds in the semi-final and 9.98 seconds in the final, setting a new Asian record and challenging the limit of the yellow race again!
You may think, how can the timing of the 100-meter race be accurate to microseconds?
Accurate timing is the most effective and intuitive standard to measure an athlete's running speed. Whether previous achievements go down in history or new achievements will break previous records, the more accurate the timing, the greater the significance of recording achievements.
While human beings are pursuing faster and stronger speed, the accuracy of time measurement is also improving. When we were still studying the middle school question "Should the referee hear the gunshots first or see the smoke before starting to time", the Olympic Games had entered the era of fully automatic electronic timing.
& gt& gt& gt& gt this mechanical age
1896 The first Athens Olympic Games adopted the manual timing pocket watch made by Longines Company of Switzerland. As we all know, manual timing is easily influenced by human factors, with low accuracy and great error.
The accuracy of the mechanical chronograph is constantly improving, but its accuracy is not even close to110 second, and the distance difference caused by110 second in the 100-meter race is obvious. Until 1932, the chronograph with the movement of 1 130 was used in this Olympic Games, and the accuracy of chronograph made a major breakthrough, approaching110 second.
& gt& gt& gt& gt The New Electronic Age
1949, Omega Company and British competition terminal record company * * * made a time recorder driven by time, and used it in Helsinki Olympic Games in 1952, which was a great breakthrough in competition timing. Since then, the timely Olympic Games has entered the era of electronic timing.
The accuracy of the timely electronic recorder can not only reach1100, but also the timing is more stable and the error is greatly reduced. You can also attach a high-speed printer to print the competition results in real time, which is more powerful.
& gt& gt& gt& gt The Age of Light and Shadow Combination
In fact, as early as 1945, Omega developed the first mobile independent photoelectric eye device, known as "magic eye". The accuracy is as high as11000s. The high-speed photos can solve the problem that the naked eye can't judge whether to win or lose, and athletes don't have to stop the line against time. 1948 for the Olympic Games.
A 1949 "slit" terminal camera was developed, which, combined with the photoelectric eye equipment "magic eye", opened a new era of sports timing. Then innovative technologies are constantly born, and the equipment combining light and shadow is constantly upgraded and optimized.
& gt& gt& gt& gt information age
With the vigorous development of information technology, the progress brought to the 100-meter race timing is rapid. In 1992, the United States disclosed a method to determine the competition time by using terminal cameras and photoelectric sensors, and the frame interval was 1/25 seconds. The starting gun is started, the timing equipment is triggered, and the athletes start. When they cross the finish line and interrupt the radiation from the radiation source and probe sensor, the photoelectric sensor generates a signal to record the time accordingly.
1994, China announced an image display timing device, which realized the real-time finish image of the game through ordinary TV. In 2002, the race timing system that can be displayed on the screen in the United States, the information recording, management and communication system of mobile terminals in Japan in 2006, and the quantum timer with resolution as high as one millionth of a second invented by Omega in 20 12. ...
The innovation and progress of science and technology push the timer to a more perfect and accurate height, which plays a vital role in the Olympic Games.
Due to technical limitations, the Olympic Games before 1932 were all timed manually. So, as mentioned above, does the referee start timing after the gunshot or after seeing the smoke?
The answer is, start timing when you see the smoke from the cannon. Because the speed of sound propagation in the air at room temperature is 340m/s, it takes about 0.29 s for the referee's ear to time the sound coming from the starting line to reach the finish line. It is obviously unrealistic for athletes to run a few meters before the referee starts timing. The propagation speed of light in the air is about 3* 108m/s, so the propagation speed of gun smoke is much faster than that of artillery fire, and the time can be ignored.
However, as soon as the gun was opened, the smoke dispersed, and it was illusory at a distance and could not be observed. It is also difficult for the referee to accurately grasp the moment when the smoke appears. In addition, the subjective factors such as the reaction speed between referees, the sensitivity of keys and pinch watches are different, so there will be large and small deviations in the record of players' achievements. This is a very imprecise way of timing, which is unfair to some extent.
In order to eliminate the timing deviation caused by human differences, human beings thought of replacing labor with electronic technology.
So, at 1932, a "Kobe camera" appeared, which can take pictures at the finish line and accurately time it, and then combine light and shadow. 1964 connects the starting gun, timer and terminal camera, and the integrated system design improves the timing accuracy to a new height.
Up to now, the high-speed light-sensing terminal camera can take thousands of photos and make combined images every second, and the high-precision quantum timer can also make the error accurate to one thousandth of a second. Humans can proudly say that there will be almost no unfairness caused by timing errors in this Olympic Games.
The Olympic Games 100-meter race timing program has developed to this day, and its complexity and advanced degree are unimaginable. The starting gun, the starting gun and the terminal timing equipment are all connected, and the instruction information can be sent and conveyed immediately.
Not only the Olympic Games, but also the 100 meter race in all international events requires the use of starting devices and squats. The referee gives the instructions of each position and preparation, and the contestants must make corresponding actions immediately, put their feet on the starting device and put pressure on it, and get ready for the start, just waiting for the gun to sound. The timer pulls the starter, and the terminal timer starts immediately; At the same time, in order to ensure fairness, the speaker on each runner's starting device will amplify the command gunshots and the runners will start to start.
According to the regulations of Olympic track and field, after making the final starting posture, you are not allowed to move or make any starting action before the starting gun is fired, otherwise it will be judged as a preemptive run and the competition qualification will be cancelled directly. Don't disturb others with voice or action, otherwise it will be counted as a running foul.
In order to prevent out of control, the pedal of the electronic starter is equipped with a pressure sensor. Considering that the athlete's reaction time to hearing the gunshot will not be less than 0. 1s, and that at the moment of starting, both feet have to exert considerable force on the footboard to obtain the instantaneous initial speed, it is stipulated that the athlete's pressure on the starting gun should be greater than 30N in the 100-meter Olympic Games. If someone tries to escape, a new order must be issued.
100 meter runners must always run on their own track. If he runs wrong, he won't be counted. Participants who reach the finish line rely on the athlete's trunk, excluding head, neck, arms, legs, hands and feet. The first person to reach the finish line ranks first. If the results are equal, the ranking is tied; If the first place in the final is tied, the referee will decide whether to play again according to the situation. If not, it will be tied for first place.
You may think that with the high precision of modern clocks, the probability of parallel results is not as good as that of comets hitting the earth? In fact, the timing accuracy of the Olympic 100-meter race is only one thousandth of a second, so it is still possible to rank side by side.
There is an infrared photoelectric interception system at the end of the track. When the first athlete crosses the finish line, the laser signal will be triggered, and the laser interception equipment will quickly display the results of the first athlete. There is also a high-speed linear camera installed parallel to the finish line, which can scan images and send information to the chronograph at the speed of thousands of pictures per second; The computer combines the image with the time, and then the technicians judge the result through the image, and finally get the result of the game.
As an ancient and traditional race, the 100-meter race has always challenged the limits of human beings in the most primitive way. We are constantly breaking through ourselves and have more and more strict requirements on the functionality and accuracy of timing.
So, where is the limit of human beings? 1968 Mexico Olympic Games 100-meter race, human beings broke through the 10 second mark for the first time. David Parr, the great man who broke the record, said, "It's a door left unlocked".