First of all, in PPP projects, the government needs to play the following two roles at the same time:
1, as public affairs manager;
2. As the purchaser of public goods or services (or the agent of the purchaser).
Second, social capital:
Social capital refers to the social capital or project company that has signed a PPP project contract with the government.
Three. Financing party:
The financing parties of PPP projects usually include commercial banks, export credit institutions, multilateral financial institutions (such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank) and non-bank financial institutions (such as trust companies).
Four. Contractors and subcontractors:
In PPP projects, the choice of contractors and subcontractors is the key factor affecting the success or failure of engineering technology. Their technical level, qualification, reputation and financial ability will greatly affect the lender's commercial evaluation and risk judgment of the project, which is an important factor for the project to obtain loans.
Five, professional operators (applicable to some projects)
Six, raw material suppliers (applicable to some projects
7. Buyer of products or services (applicable to some projects)
Eight, insurance companies
Nine. Other participants:
In addition to the above-mentioned participants, the development of PPP projects must also make full use of professional and technical forces in investment, law, technology, finance and insurance agency. Therefore, the participants in PPP projects may usually include professional institutions in the above fields.
Further reading: How to buy insurance, which is good, and teach you how to avoid these "pits" of insurance.