There are two kinds of camels, one with a hump and the other with two humps. The dromedary camel is relatively tall. It can walk and run in the desert, and can carry goods and people. Camels with short limbs are more suitable for walking in gravel and snow. Camels are also synonymous with hackers.
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brief introduction
classify
What's in the hump?
Hybrid camel
applicability
History and evolution
Camel on the computer
TORP brand canned food
Camels are active
brief introduction
classify
What's in the hump?
Hybrid camel
applicability
History and evolution
Camel on the computer
TORP brand canned food
Camels are active
[Edit this paragraph] Introduction
Camel English name: camel, llama camels are different from other animals and are particularly hungry. People can ride camels across the desert. Camels are also called "ships in the desert". The camel's hump stores fat. When the camel can't get food, the fat can be decomposed into nutrients needed by the camel's body for survival. Camels can go four or five days without eating, relying on the fat in the hump. In addition, there are many bottle-shaped bubbles in the camel's stomach, which is where the camel stores water. The water in these "bottles" makes camels safe even if they don't drink water for several days.
[Edit this paragraph] Classification
World: Animal kingdom: Chordata: Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Camelidae: Camelidae. Species: Camel (Camelus bactrianus) Camel (Camelus dromedarius) has hair in its ears, which can block the entry of sandstorms; Camels have double eyelids and thick long eyelashes, which can prevent sandstorms from entering their eyes; The camel's nose can still be closed freely. These "equipment" make camels completely afraid of sandstorms. The sand is soft, and it is easy for people to fall in when they step on it. The camel's feet are flat, and there are thick and soft meat pads under its feet, so that the camel can walk freely on the sand and not fall into the sand. Camels have thick hair, and the desert is very cold in winter. Camel fur is extremely effective in keeping body temperature. Camels are familiar with the desert climate. When there is a strong wind, it will kneel down and travelers can get ready in advance. Camels walk slowly, but they can carry many things. He is an important means of transportation in the desert. People regard it as a ship crossing the desert sea and have the reputation of "the ship of the desert". Living in North America 6.5438+million years ago, its distant ancestors crossed the Bering Strait to reach Asia and Africa, and evolved into bactrian camels and human domesticated dromedaries. The hump of the bactrian camel can store 40 kilograms of fat, which will be decomposed into nutrients and water needed by the camel when it is hot and short of water. Camels can drink more than 100 liters of water in10 minutes. At the same time, they only urinate about one liter a day in summer, and their body temperature is about 40 degrees, so they will not open their mouths easily. These let camels stay in the desert for 8 days without drinking water and will not die of thirst. In addition, when mammals lose too much water, they need to extract water from their own blood to supplement it, but this will thicken the blood, which will lead to decreased circulation speed, metabolic dysfunction and heatstroke. Camels rely on water in their muscles to keep their balance. Camels' feet are covered with wide meat pads, and their toes are spread apart when walking, which ensures that they can walk in the desert without getting stuck in the sand. They have long eyelashes, nostrils that open and close automatically, and thick hair on their ears, which can protect them from sandstorms. The mating period of bactrian camels is 1 and February, while the mating period of dromedary camels is in rainy season, when males become aggressive. The pregnancy of dromedary camel is 65438+February, and that of bactrian camel is 65438+March, and the lactation period is 3-4 months. Young camels are naturally strong. They can follow their mother in a day. Bactrian camels like to eat any plants and migrate north and south in the distribution area in spring and autumn. Wild camels are very rare and are listed as national first-class protected animals. Camel is the collective name of two large ruminant mammals in the family Camelidae of Artiodactyla, which can be divided into single-humped camels and double-humped camels. A dromedary camel has only one hump, and a bactrian camel, also called a summer camel, has two humps. Camels have long limbs and soft and wide feet, which are suitable for walking in sand or snow. There are horny pads on the chest and knees to support the body when kneeling. When running, it shows the unique gait of a desert ship, and the front and rear limbs of the same side move at the same time. There are two rows of eyelashes to protect the eyes, and the ear holes are hairy; The nostrils can be closed, and the vision and smell are keen, which is helpful to adapt to adverse environments such as windy deserts. Camels with proper training and management are docile, but they are also prone to anger, especially in estrus. Spitting when angry, biting and kicking people, is very dangerous. Camels originated in North America about 40 million years ago. Later, its distribution expanded to South America and Asia, but it disappeared in its producing area. Traditionally, camels are used as important pack animals. Although the speed of bactrian camel is only 3 to 5 kilometers per hour, it can carry heavy objects for a long time, and 50 kilometers per day is feasible. The camel's legs are longer, and people can keep the speed from 13 to 16 kilometers per hour when riding 18 hours. Camels can live in the roughest part of scarce vegetation and eat spiny plants, shrub branches and hay that other animals don't eat, but they are willing to eat if there is better food. Camels store fat in their humps when there is plenty of food, and they use this reserve when conditions are bad. The fat in the hump is not only used as a source of nutrition, but also can produce water through fat oxidation. Therefore, camels can go without food or water for several days. According to records, camels survived without water for 17 days. Camels lose water slowly, and the dehydration amount reaches 25% of their body weight, which still has no adverse effects. Camels can drink 100 liter of water in one breath and regain their weight in a few minutes. Because of these characteristics, camels are called desert boats. In winter, the camel grows fluffy coarse hair, and in spring, the coarse hair falls off and the body is almost naked until the new hair begins to grow. Every time a female camel gives birth to a calf, it needs to breastfeed for one year. Camels can live for 30 to 40 years. Although there are still about130,000 dromedaries in distribution, the wild species are on the verge of extinction. The dromedary camels used as livestock are mainly distributed in Sudan, Somalia, India and its neighboring countries, South Africa, Namibia and Botswana. According to traditional theory, the ancestors of modern camels lived in North America 45 million years ago. They may be big and have no toes. They only crossed to Asia about 3 million years ago, and then reached the Middle East and Africa. Although camels once ruled North America for a while, they disappeared with most other species that once lived in America soon after humans appeared on the American continent. However, according to Reuters's report, the recently discovered unknown giant dromedary in central Syria is believed to have lived 654.38 million years ago, which makes scientists re-examine the origin theory of modern camels. Bactrian camels used to be widely distributed, but now there are only about140 thousand, mainly livestock. It is estimated that about 1000 wild bactrian camels live in the Gobi desert, and a few live in Iran, Afghanistan and Kazakhstan. It is estimated that there are as many as 700,000 wild camels in central Australia, which are descendants of camels introduced for transportation in the 9th and early 20th centuries. This population is increasing at the rate of 1 1% every year. Due to encroaching on the limited resources needed for raising sheep, the South Australian government decided to kill these camels by shooting into the air. Until the 20th century, a small number of imported single-humped camels and double-humped camels survived in the southwestern United States. They were imported from Turkey and used to carry animals in mines as part of the experiment of American camel troops. These camels escaped or were released after the project ended. In addition, during the gold rush, 23 bactrian camels were introduced to Canada.
[Edit this paragraph] What's in the camel's peak?
Anatomically, it is confirmed that the hump stores the deposited fat, not the water sac. Metabolic water produced by fat oxidation can meet the needs of camel life activities. So some people think that the hump actually stores "solid water". It is determined that 1g fat produces 1. 1g metabolic water, and a 45kg hump is equivalent to 50kg metabolic water. But in fact, the metabolism of fat is inseparable from the participation of oxygen, and in the process of oxygen inhalation, the water lost from the lungs is comparable to the water metabolized by fat. This fact shows that Luo Feng is not a solid reservoir at all, but a huge energy storage device, which provides material guarantee for camels to travel long distances in the desert. The rumen of camel is divided into several blind sacs by muscle blocks, which are called "water sacs". Some people think that after a camel drinks water, it needs to store a lot of water in its stomach before it feels thirsty. In fact, those water bags can only hold 5 ~ 6L of water, which is mixed with fermented feed and presents a sticky green juice. The salt concentration in these green juices is roughly the same as that in blood, so it is difficult for camels to use the water in their stomachs. Moreover, the water sac can not be effectively isolated from other parts of rumen, and it is too small to form an effective water storage reservoir. Anatomically, apart from the hump and stomach, there is no organ dedicated to storing water. So it can be concluded that there is no reservoir for camels.
[Edit this paragraph] Half-breed camel
Bactrian camel has two humps and is an animal suitable for cold climate. The dromedary camel has only one hump, which is more suitable for desert life. Their hybrids are bigger than two camels, have humps and are good at carrying things. A dromedary camel weighs six times as much as an alpaca, so it needs artificial fertilization to get a female alpaca pregnant. However, the female dromedary camel failed to conceive successfully. Hybrid is smaller than alpaca, with short ears and long tail, similar to camel, without hump and split toes, similar to alpaca, rather than camel's big feet. Kama became sexually mature at the age of 4 and became interested in female alpacas and Guanagos. Then another female Kama was born through artificial insemination. Because both camels and alpacas have 74 chromosomes, scientists hope that female Kama can have children. If successful, it means that it is possible to increase the body shape, wool yield and load capacity of South American camels. Kama seems to have inherited the temperament of his parents, showing the connection between camel species in the old and new continents.
[Edit this paragraph] Service performance
The service performance of camel is one of its main production performance, which can be used for riding, carrying, pulling carts, plowing and so on. Camel riding is the main riding tool in desert and semi-desert areas, especially in desert areas, and it has also been widely used in desert investigation. Camels are not good at running, but they have long legs, big and light steps and strong endurance. In addition, their hooves have a special structure, so they are suitable as important means of transportation in the desert. When riding a short distance, the speed of bactrian camel can reach 10~ 15 km/h, and when riding a long distance, it can travel 30~35 km every day. Camel races have been held in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, and camel races have also been held in remote minority sports meetings. The result of Alashan camel's 5000 meters is 3 minutes and 58 seconds. (2) When carrying goods in deserts, Gobi, hydrochloric acid fields, mountains and grasslands with deep snow, other means of transport are often difficult to play a role, and camels are the most important pack animals in these areas, playing an irreplaceable role in other domestic animals and means of transport. Therefore, it is also widely used in exploration, scientific investigation and transportation in desert areas. Camels can still insist on transportation in the case of bad weather and insufficient supply of aquatic plants. Generally speaking, the load of bactrian camels is about 33.8%~43. 1%, that is, 100~200 kg. During short-distance transportation, the carrying weight can reach 250~300 kilograms, and the daily journey can reach 30~35 kilometers. Generally, a single-peak bag is heavier than a cycling bag, with a speed of about 2~3 km/h and a load of 165~220 kg. (3) Camels can be used for farmland, carts, pumping water, etc. It is reported that when the bactrian camel pulls the cart, two packs 1 cart can pull 1.5~ 1.8 tons; When working in farmland, a single set of walking plough can cultivate land for 5 hours every day, and the cultivated land is 3333 square meters (5 mu); Two sets of double share plows can cultivate 4667 square meters (7 mu) per day, with a maximum of 9333( 14 mu). According to the measurement, the maximum pulling force of camel is 369 kg, which is equivalent to 80% of its own weight, while Sanhe horse is 32 1 kg and Qinchuan cattle is 3 12.5 kg. The situation of the dromedary camel is basically similar to that of the bactrian camel. It is reported that in South Africa, 1 hump camel pulls a two-wheeled cart with a load of 750 kg. In agriculture, dromedary camels are also widely used in farmland operations, and are often paired with animals such as cattle and horses.
[Edit this paragraph] History and evolution
Living in North America/kloc-0.0 million years ago, the distant ancestors of camels crossed the Bering Strait to reach Asia and Africa, and evolved into bactrian camels and human domesticated dromedaries. The dromedary camel has been domesticated in central or southern Arabia for thousands of years. Experts say that some people think that the dromedary camel was domesticated as early as 4000 BC, while most people think that it was 1400 BC. About 2000 years ago, the dromedary gradually lived in the Sahara desert, but disappeared in the Sahara desert again about 900 years ago. Most of them were hunted by humans. Later, when Egypt invaded Persia, Cambyses Ⅱ introduced the domesticated dromedary into Persia. Domesticated dromedaries were widely used in North Africa. Until later, the Roman Empire still used camel teams to patrol the desert edge with soldiers. But Persian camels are not suitable for crossing the Sahara desert; This long journey across the desert is usually done by chariots. In the 4th century, stronger and more durable bactrian camels were first introduced to Africa. After they were introduced to Africa, more and more people began to use them, because this kind of camel is more suitable for long-distance travel across the desert and can carry more and heavier goods. At this time, the trans-Saharan trade was finally carried out.
[Edit this paragraph] Camels on the computer
On the computer, camel is synonymous with hackers (this is basically known only to those who have been hackers), so there are also clothes with the theme of camel hacking.
[Edit this paragraph] Brand
Kan -TORP
American Camel International Investment Company is one of the world-famous multinational companies, enjoying a good reputation at home and abroad, with international celebrities and business elites gathered. Mr. Bruce, a world-famous designer, is the chief design director. His products sell well in Europe, America, Southeast Asia and enjoy a worldwide reputation. American Camel International Investment Company is the exclusive agent of American Camel brand casual shoes for men and women, sports casual shoes and work shoes in Chinese mainland. American Camel International Investment Company was established in 1995, located in Tanghou Industrial Zone, shishi city, a famous hometown of overseas Chinese. Is a strong enterprise in development and production technology. The company has 10000 square meters of modern standard workshop and 1000 employees. With an annual output of 6.5438+0.5 million pairs of "camel" leisure shoes, it combines the essence of Chinese and Western cultures, inherits American exquisite craftsmanship, selects exquisite materials, pays attention to individuality, fashion and comfort in design concept, and has its unique leisure style and Excellence ... For many years, American camels have been the leader in the innovation field of outdoor hiking shoes. Since the establishment of the company, American Camel has been committed to constantly innovating products, especially through continuous innovation in hiking boots, hiking shoes, adventure travel, mountain sports shoes and other products, thus forming industry standards. American camel casual shoes are formed at one time, and the midsole, heel and toe cap are combined into a whole, which is strong, light and comfortable. The unique manufacturing process of camel casual shoes breaks the previous sewing or gluing methods, and plastic materials are embedded in the middle of special waterproof and breathable fibers and leather and combined together, thus reducing seams, better insulating heat and improving the waterproof performance of shoes. When shoelaces are fastened, the design of quick fastening shoe buckles reduces the friction and wear of shoelaces, which not only protects shoelaces better, but also can fasten shoelaces more easily with little force. American camel casual shoes are made of California cowhide, designed with the most popular style on Wall Street, and are famous for handmade leather shoes. They combine fashion and leisure, elegance and exquisiteness, beauty and comfort. China camel casual shoes, adhering to the traditional American style and combining with the domestic situation, are designed by professional designers, with simplicity, fluency and fashion as the design style and made by American shoemaking technology. Camel casual shoes are sought after by consumers for their exquisite workmanship, exquisite materials, fashionable style and comfortable texture. Products sell well all over the country and more than a dozen countries in Europe and America.
Camels are active
CAMEL ACTIVE was founded in 1977 and its headquarters is located in the famous German city of Cologne. It is an extremely successful brand launched by its parent company WBI, with16,000 stores worldwide and annual sales exceeding 300 million euros. CAMEL ACTIVE is a brand designed for urbanites facing unusual challenges. It advocates freedom, exuberance and the adventurous spirit of bravely challenging. Wearing camel clothes will make you the strongest and most active backbone of this metropolis. CAMEL ACTIVE is suitable for young people with different cultural backgrounds. They pay attention to a perfect life and want to follow the trend, but they don't want to be the trend leader. It belongs to the middle and high-grade leisure brand, and it is a real leisure brand for those who pursue to enjoy the challenges of modern life. CAMEL ACTIVE is suitable for young and middle-aged people aged between 22 and 35 with different cultural backgrounds, who pay attention to the perfect life and want to follow the trend, but don't want to be the leader of the trend. It belongs to the middle and high-grade leisure brand, and it is a real leisure brand for those who pursue to enjoy the challenges of modern life. When camel active entered China, its concept was widely recognized by urban elites, so urban men who pursued fashion and quality life began to tend to camel active, an international brand. Camel active, which originated in 1970s, has developed into an internationally renowned urban leisure brand with 1 1000 exclusive sales outlets in more than 50 countries around the world. Camels have taken the initiative to lead countless urban men into a new world of "exploring new horizons beyond the limit and experiencing unusual moments". The spirit of urban exploration it preaches is freedom, unrestrained, vigorous and brave, which coincides with the life concept pursued by modern urban men. In the world where camels are active, urban men find unusual self-challenge and casual collocation, making dressing a manifestation of quality life. Camel active is the perfect combination of masculine beauty, originality and practicality. It is specially designed for men who love the city and outdoor challenging life style and have high hopes for casual clothes. Therefore, urban men who are busy with work but pursue fashion and leisure life especially love camel active. Camel active is an internationally renowned urban leisure brand, which originated in 1970s. Specially designed for men who love the city and challenge the outdoor lifestyle from product style, fabric and brand spirit. At the beginning of 2008, camel active, inspired by the great and ancient red desert in the interior of Australia, launched the spring and summer series with the theme of "straight line", which was favored by urban men.
Extended reading:
1. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Zhang Qian to go to the Western Regions.
2. In BC 1 19, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions for the second time. Zhang Qian led a delegation with tens of thousands of camels and many silks to visit many countries in the western regions. Western countries also sent envoys to visit Chang 'an. The exchanges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions were more frequent.
Camels played an important role in this trip to the western regions. In other words, camels played an important role in the economic prosperity of ancient China.