Autumn sowing is generally sown before August 10, and the sowing amount per mu is 8- 10 kg.
Soybean (scientific name: Glycine max (L.) Merr) is commonly known as soybean. Leguminosae is panicum miliaceum, 30-90cm high. Stems stout, erect, densely covered with brown bristles. Leaves usually 3-foliolate; Stipules and yellow pilose; Petiole 2-20 cm long; Leaflets broadly ovate, papery; Racemes have fewer short flowers and more long flowers; The total pedicel usually has 5-8 sessile, closely arranged flowers; Bracts lanceolate, strigose; Bracteoles lanceolate, appressed setae; Calyx is lanceolate, with purple, lavender or white flowers, pedicels at the base and petal-shaped wings. Pods are fat, slightly curved, drooping, yellow-green, and densely covered with long brown hair; 2-5 seeds, oval, nearly spherical, smooth seed coat, light green, yellow, brown and black. The flowering period is from June to July, and the fruiting period is from July to September.
Originated in China, it is cultivated all over China and widely cultivated all over the world. Soybean is one of the important food crops in China, which has been cultivated for 5000 years. It was called glutinous rice in ancient times. Mainly produced in the northeast of China, the seeds are rich in protein. Soybean is most commonly used for making various bean products, extracting soybean oil, brewing soy sauce and extracting protein. Grinding bean dregs or soybeans into coarse powder is also commonly used in livestock feed.
Cultivation techniques of soybean:
1. Soil preparation:
(1) Soil preparation before sowing: Soil preparation before sowing includes soil ploughing, harrowing and ploughing. Because of the different soil preparation techniques, the soil preparation work before sowing is also different. Such as flat turning, ridge tillage, harrowing, subsoiling, etc.
(2) Irrigation before sowing: For plots with poor soil moisture, if irrigation conditions are available, irrigation can be conducted 1 time 1 ~ 2 days before sowing to make the soil wet, so as to facilitate seed germination after sowing.
(3) Closed weeding before sowing: Some large farms in the main soybean producing areas in Northeast China have large soybean planting areas. Weeds will be seriously damaged if they are not managed in time. Before sowing, the field often uses mechanical spraying herbicide for closed weeding. Herbicides such as trifluralin and lasso can be sprayed in the soil before sowing. Trifluralin can effectively control 1 annual gramineous weeds and some 1 annual broadleaf weeds. Generally, 48% trifluoling 135 was applied before sowing. Zakka 15 liter of water, and spray the soil surface with tractor suspension sprayer.
2. Seed selection: Sow seeds with good quality, high germination rate and germination potential, and neat and robust seedlings. Therefore, before sowing, we should pick out diseased grains, moth-eaten grains, small grains, chaff grains and broken petals. At the same time, according to the typical characteristics of this variety, such as grain type, grain color, seed size, hilum size and color depth, the hybrid of different varieties was eliminated and the seed purity was improved. The effect of artificial particle separation is very good. If the amount of seeds is large, a spiral soybean particle sorter can be used. It is simple in mechanical structure and convenient to move, and is suitable for soybean planting professional households. The purity of the selected products should be above 97% and above 98%.
3. Seed identification and germination test: Before sowing, the weight and germination rate of the selected seeds should be tested. These two tasks are the basis of calculating the sowing amount. Randomly select 3 seeds, and randomly select 100 seeds for each sample. Weigh each seed and take the average value, which is the weight of 100 seeds of this variety. Its unit is grams. Determination of seed germination rate: Put the above three 65,438+000 seeds in three Fluttershy or germination dishes respectively, and put them under toilet paper or river sand. Add water to the thin water layer, then arrange the seeds evenly and put them in a warm place (near the stove or in an incubator) at about 20℃ to absorb water and expand and germinate. After 5 ~ 7 days, the number of seeds that can germinate long roots normally is calculated, and the average value of the three samples is the germination rate of seeds. The germination rate is required to be above 95%.
4. Seed treatment: In order to control grubs, cutworms, root maggots, root rot and other seedling diseases and pests, the commonly used seed amount is 0. 1% ~ 0. 15% octyl sulfide or 0.7% magic powder or 0.3% ~ 0.4% carbendazim plus thiram (. It should be noted that after seed dressing with rhizobia, pesticides and fungicides can no longer be mixed.
5. Determination of sowing amount:
The first step is to convert the measured 100-grain weight of a variety into the number of grains per kilogram. If the weight of 100 grains measured by a variety is 20g, the number of grains per kilogram is: 100 grains * 1000g ÷ 20g = 5000 grains.
Step 2: Calculate the number of seeds planted per 667 square meters. According to the actual situation, calculate the number of seedlings per 667 square meters, and then according to the local farming conditions and management level, plus a certain loss rate (such as the loss caused by machinery, people and livestock in the field management process and the loss caused by artificial thinning), the general field loss rate can be calculated as 15% ~ 20%. The number of planned seedlings per unit area plus the field loss rate is the number of seeds sown per 667 square meters (1 mu). If a variety plans to protect 25,000 seedlings per 667 square meters, and the field loss rate is estimated to be 20%, then the number of seeds per 667 square meters is: 25,000 seeds per 667 square meters:125,000 * 20% = 30,000 seeds.
The third step is to calculate the sowing amount per 667 square meters. The formula is as follows: sowing amount per 667 square meters (kg) = seeds per 667 square meters/(kg seeds * germination rate). For example, it is planned to sow 30,000 seeds every 667 square meters, and the number of seeds per kilogram is 5,000, and the germination rate is 95%. Substitution formula: sowing amount per 667 square meters: 30,000/(50,000 * 0.95) = 6.3 (kg).
6. Reasonable close planting: The planting density is closely related to the yield. The so-called reasonable close planting refers to correctly handling the relationship between individuals and groups under the local and specific conditions at that time, so that groups and individuals can develop to the maximum extent; Make full use of light energy and soil fertility per unit area; Under the same cultivation conditions, the best economic benefits can be obtained. Therefore, a suitable density is not immutable, and it cannot be simply said that "fertile land should be sparse and thin land should be dense". The following factors should be considered:
(1) Variety: The luxuriant degree of variety, such as plant height, branch number and leaf size, is closely related to the density. In places with tall plants, many branches, well-developed plant types and large leaves, the planting density should be small; Varieties with short plants and poor luxuriance, or varieties with high plants but few branches and similar plant types, should adopt higher density.
(2) Fertilizer and water conditions: when the fertilizer and water conditions of the same variety are good, the plants will flourish and the density will be small; On the contrary, the fertilizer and water conditions are poor and the density is high. The results show that soil fertility and fertilization level are closely related to planting density.
(3) Variety type and planting season: Generally, summer soybean has long growth period, tall plants and sparse planting density; The growth period of spring soybean is shorter, the growth period of autumn soybean is the shortest, and the plants are shorter, which is suitable for close planting.
The above are the general principles for determining planting density. Because of different climate and soil conditions, different farming systems, different management levels and different varieties planted, it is impossible to plant the same density in a unified way. Generally, you can refer to the following planting densities:
(1) Planting Density of Spring Soybean in North China
On fertile land, highly branched varieties should be planted, with 0.8 ~ 1000 plants per mu. In thin tumor land, it is suitable to plant varieties with weak branching ability, with .6 ~ 20000 plants per mu/kloc-0. In high latitude and cold regions, 20,000-30,000 early-maturing varieties are planted. In the far north where soybeans are planted, there are very early-maturing varieties, with 30,000 to 40,000 plants per mu.
(2) Sowing density of summer soybean in Huanghuai Plain and Yangtze River Valley.
Generally, per mu 1.5 ~ 30000 plants. The land is flat and fertile with irrigation conditions, with 0/.2 ~1.8 million seedlings per mu. For plots with moderate fertility, it is advisable to protect 22,000 ~ 30,000 seedlings per mu.
7. Sowing date: Sowing date has a great influence on yield and quality. Sowing too early or too late is not conducive to the growth and development of soybean. Sowing in time, high seedling rate, neat and robust seedlings, good growth and thick stems. If sowing is too late, the seedlings will emerge quickly, but they are not strong. If the soil moisture is not good, they will appear unevenly. Late-maturing varieties in northern China are vulnerable to early frost and are in danger of being greedy for green and late-maturing and reducing production. Early sowing, in the northeast, is easy to rot because of the low soil temperature and slow germination.
Ground temperature and soil moisture are two main factors that determine the suitable sowing date of spring-sown soybeans. Generally speaking, in the northern spring sowing soybean area, in the soil layer with a depth of 5 ~ 10 cm, when the daily average ground temperature is 8 ~ 10℃, the soil moisture content is about 20%, so sowing is more suitable. Therefore, the suitable sowing date of soybean in Northeast China is from late April to mid-May, in the north in May, in the middle in late April to mid-May, and in the south in late April to mid-May. Sowing in the northern plateau from late April to mid-May, sowing in the eastern plateau from late April to mid-May and sowing in the western plateau from late April to mid-May; Sowing in the northwest from mid-April to mid-May, sowing in the north from mid-April to early May, and sowing in the south from late April to mid-May.
The sowing date of soybean in Huanghuai sea area and southern soybean planting area is restricted by late low temperature. Sow summer soybeans in Huanghuai waters in the middle and late June. In the southern region and the Yangtze River sub-region, summer soybeans are sown from late May to early June, and spring soybeans are sown from early April to early May. In Southeast Asia, spring soybeans are sown from late March to early April, summer soybeans from late May to early June, and autumn soybeans from late July to early August. In Central and South Asia, spring soybeans are sown from late March to early April, summer soybeans are sown in mid-June, and autumn soybeans are sown from mid-July to early August. In southwest Asia, spring soybeans are sown in April and summer soybeans are sown in the first half of May. Sow spring soybeans from late February to early March, summer soybeans from late May to early June, autumn soybeans in July, and winter soybeans from late February to1early October of the following year.
Because of the short growing season, it is very important to sow soybeans in summer and autumn. In addition, the sowing date can also be appropriately adjusted according to the type of variety growth period and the terrain of the plot. Late-maturing varieties can be sown early, and middle-early maturing varieties can be sown late. Early spring, high ground temperature and good terrain can be sown early, plots with good soil moisture can be sown late, and hillsides can be sown early.
Why should we emphasize timely early broadcasting? First of all, sowing spring soybeans early in time is conducive to catching up with the season in the second and third seasons on time, which is not contrary to the farming season. Second, spring soybeans can be harvested relatively early if planted properly, which can avoid the peak period of the second generation of stem borers. Third, early sowing of spring soybeans can be harvested relatively early to avoid seasonal conflicts with rice "double grabbing". Proper early sowing of summer soybeans and autumn soybeans is also beneficial to early harvest and avoids or mitigates the harm of autumn drought. 4. Spring soybean sown properly early has low early temperature, stable plant growth, stocky, dense, multi-flowered and multi-pod, and high yield. Proper early sowing of summer soybean and autumn soybean can appropriately extend the vegetative growth period; Plants grow luxuriantly, the "skeleton" grows strong, flowers and pods are numerous, and the yield is naturally high. For the above reasons, the benefits of emphasizing the word "early" in the sowing period are obvious. Farmers say that "do it early and do it well three times" is the truth.
8. Sowing methods: At present, soybean sowing methods used in production include: narrow row close planting sowing method, equidistant hole sowing method, 60 cm double row sowing method, precision sowing method, original ridge sowing method, stubble sowing method and so on.
(1) narrow row close planting method
Shrinking ridges and increasing rows, narrow rows and close planting are active cultivation methods at home and abroad. Changing the 60 ~ 70cm wide row spacing to 40 ~ 50cm narrow row and close planting can generally increase the yield by 10% ~ 20%. Mechanized operations are adopted from sowing, intertillage management to harvesting. Mechanized tillage, good soil moisture, neat and even seedlings. After narrow row and close planting, reasonably arrange the population, make full use of light energy and soil fertility, and effectively inhibit the growth of weeds.
(2) equidistant hole sowing method
Mechanical equidistant hole sowing improves sowing efficiency and quality. After emergence, the plant spacing is appropriate, the plant distribution is reasonable and the individual growth is balanced. The population develops in a balanced way with dense pods, which generally increases the yield by about 10% compared with drilling.
(3)60 cm double sowing
On the basis of deep ploughing, fine soil preparation or harrowing, mechanical flat sowing is adopted, and ridge combined with intertillage after sowing. The advantages are timely sowing, seeds directly falling into wet soil, uniform sowing depth, uniform seed distribution, neat emergence, lack of seedlings and few ridges, loose soil and fine management to reduce weeds.
(4) Accurate on-demand method
Scraping stubble on the basis of harrow or ridging in autumn, sowing on the original ridge with precision seeder or improved harrow, single-grain, double-grain flat sowing or ridge planting. It can achieve uniform sowing, suitable sowing depth, moisture conservation and seedling protection, and can also concentrate fertilization without thinning seedlings.
(5) sowing seeds on the original ridge
In order to prevent the soil from losing water, planting seeds on the original ridge stubble is adopted. This sowing method has played an important role in drought resistance, soil moisture conservation and seedling protection, and also has the advantages of raising ground temperature, eliminating weeds, using fertilizer from previous crops and reducing operating costs. It is mainly used in dry conditions.
(6) Broadcasting
This method is often used in summer soybean sowing in the Huang-Huai-Hai river basin. Generally, after wheat harvest, we should pay close attention to soil preparation and plough to the depth of 15 ~ 16cm. Rake the soil after ploughing to sow the soil. In the case of insufficient labor force and dry soil, wheat is generally harvested, stubble is raked, and then rice is sown. Rake 1 time after sowing to achieve fine and flat soil.
(7) interplanting wheat fields
In areas where soybeans are sown in summer, soybeans are interplanted in wheat rows before wheat matures and harvests. Generally, interplanting is carried out in the middle and late May, ditching with building picks, sowing between wheat rows, and then covering the soil to suppress.
(8) planting beans on the stubble
This method is mostly used for autumn soybeans planted in southern provinces such as Hunan, Guangxi, Fujian and Zhejiang. Sowing is usually carried out from late July to early August. It is better to broadcast early in time. Before harvesting early rice or middle rice, the water in the field should be drained first, but it should not be too dry. After rice is harvested, beans should be sown in holes on the original stubble. Generally, there are about 0/0000 plants per mu/kloc, with 2-3 plants per hole. The second day after sowing, water is poured to accelerate germination, and after soaking for 5-6 hours, the water is drained.
Control measures of three soybean diseases
1. Soybean root rot: This disease can occur and cause harm in the whole growth period of soybean, and the yield reduction rate is more than 25% ~ 75%. The protein content of the damaged seeds decreased obviously. The main symptom is dark brown spots at the base of the stem, which spread to the lower branches to varying degrees, making the diseased stem pith brown, the petiole base contracting, and the leaves drooping, but not falling off. Pesticide control mainly uses 58% Daphne manganese zinc or 72% Kelv wettable powder, and the dosage is 0.3% ~ 0.4% of the seed amount.
2. Soybean Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: Soybean Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mainly infects stems and begins to occur in late July. At the initial stage of impregnation, there are brown spots on the stem, then there are white cotton-wool hyphae and white particles on the spots, and then they become black particles (sclerotia). When the stem of the diseased plant is cut longitudinally, the black cylindrical rat excrement-like sclerotia can be seen, and the diseased plant is gray after death. Spraying 50% Sukeling wettable powder 1000 times solution or 40% Junzhujing 1000 times solution or 500% thiophanate-methyl solution for chemical control.
3. Soybean gray leaf spot disease: also known as spot disease, generally begins to occur on leaves in the first half of June and reaches its peak in mid-July. Pods begin to get sick from the tender pod stage, and the whole grain stage is the peak of the disease, and the disease is more serious in July-August when it encounters high temperature and rain. Mainly harmful to leaves. In severe cases, almost all leaves are covered with diseased spots, which leads to premature shedding of leaves, yield reduction of 20% ~ 30% and quality degradation. Chemical control: In addition to dressing seeds with 70% Dixon wettable powder or 50% thiram wettable powder according to 0.3% of the seed amount, 40% carbendazim gum suspension 1.5 kg and 450 kg of water are sprayed per hectare during the pod setting and flowering period of soybeans.
High-yield cultivation techniques of soybean
1, choose the right species. According to local production conditions, varieties with suitable growth period, high and stable yield, disease resistance and lodging resistance and good quality should be selected.
2, not heavy stubble. Beans have the function of nitrogen fixation in nodules, and the remaining roots and leaves have a good effect on enriching the soil, which is an excellent stubble for wheat, millet, corn and other crops. However, continuous cropping of beans, especially for many years, has seriously reduced production.
3. Sow skillfully. Soil moisture is the key factor of bean emergence. Under normal circumstances, the whole seedling can be guaranteed by watering the soles of the feet first and then sowing. According to the soil moisture and rainfall at that time, good results can be achieved by mastering the sowing method flexibly:
(1) Sow skillfully according to soil moisture. Grab the soil for sowing: As the saying goes, "Spring competes for the sun, summer competes for the time", and grab the soil for sowing should "race against time". After wheat harvest, the soil moisture content is about 18%, or the primary rainfall is above 10 mm, so you can grab the moisture content and sow, otherwise you must do moisture content sowing. For sowing with poor soil moisture and lack of seedlings in a large area, it is necessary to replant and replenish water in time.
(2) Set the sowing row spacing skillfully. Varieties with tall plants, many branches and loose plant types are suitable for planting with larger row spacing, otherwise the row spacing should be reduced. For example, Huangqi 33 has a plant height of about 90 cm, 2-4 branches, and the plant spacing is generally 45-50 cm; Luning 1 plant height is 70cm, with 2-3 branches and row spacing of 40-45cm. Xudu 13 is 80 cm high and compact, with a row spacing of 30-40 cm. In addition, if the soil has good water and fertilizer conditions, the row spacing should be appropriately increased, and if the water and fertilizer conditions are poor, the row spacing should be appropriately reduced.
(3) Set the sowing amount skillfully. The average sowing amount of beans per mu is 4-6 kg. Generally, varieties with many branches and tall and loose plant types have low seedling retention density, while varieties with compact plant types and few branches have high seedling retention density. The quality of soil preparation is poor, the soil moisture is poor, or the seed germination rate is low, so a larger sowing amount should be selected. On the contrary, choose a smaller amount of playback; If the seed size is large, the sowing amount will increase appropriately, otherwise it will decrease appropriately; In plots with good soil fertility and water and fertilizer conditions, the density of seedlings is smaller, on the contrary, it is larger.
4. Careful management. Main attack direction at seedling stage: Miaoquan and Miaoyun Miao Zhuang.
Technical measures:
(1) sole fertilizer: compound fertilizer 15-20kg.
(2) Close seedlings and sparse seedlings: timely sparse seedlings to prevent "lump seedlings" and "squeeze seedlings".
(3) There is generally no need for topdressing and watering at the seedling stage, and the seedlings should be crouched to prevent falling. For particularly dry years or if the base fertilizer is insufficient or there are symptoms of fertilizer deficiency, water topdressing should be carried out in time.
(4) timely intertillage weeding.
(5) Prevention and control of underground pests, such as cutworms, grubs, and needle worms, and pests at seedling stage, such as aphids, red spiders, cotton bollworms, bridge builders, and cabbage caterpillars.
The main direction of flowering: robust, anti-prosperous, increasing flowers and pods.
High yield in flowering period: ridge sealing in flowering period and light transmission in pod setting period.
Technical measures:
(1) Topdressing in key period: from flowering to post-flowering 10 day, topdressing urea 5- 10 kg according to the field growth.
(2) For plots with high density, long internodes and crazy growth trend, the inhibitor (paclobutrazol) should be sprayed at the early flowering stage to prevent the growth from being too strong.
(3) Spraying stress-resistant regulator or micro-fertilizer at pod-setting stage to increase the weight of flowers, pods and grains.
(4) Control cotton bollworm, bridging worm, cabbage caterpillar, stem borer, etc. We should master the principle of the best period, the application of high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides and the combination of drugs.
The main direction of grouting stage: protecting green leaves, preventing pod dropping, preventing pod picking and increasing grain weight.
Appearance of high yield at grain filling stage: many pods and many grains, high but not falling.
Technical measures:
(1) Spraying stress regulator or micro-fertilizer can protect green leaves, prevent pods from dropping and increase grain weight.
(2) During pod setting and grouting, the temperature is high and evaporation is fast, so water should be done in time. Master the principle of "pour quickly when there is no wind, and stop pouring when there is strong wind" to prevent lodging in the later period.
(3) Prevention and control of bean moth.
(4) Pull up weeds in the field.
The main direction of maturity: returning to the warehouse to ensure quality and efficiency.
(1) Timely harvest: The whole pod and soybean seeds show the original color of the variety. When the leaves turn yellow and fall off, the dry matter accumulation will not increase and the moisture content of the seeds will decrease, it is the mature stage of soybean. When it is ripe, it can be harvested manually, and it can be harvested mechanically later. High-oil soybeans are suitable for early harvest (yellow maturity-maturity) and high-protein soybeans are suitable for late harvest (over-maturity).
(2) Explosion-proof pods: For the pod-bursting (horn-shaking) varieties, harvest them in advance to prevent grain loss.
(3) Anti-dropping: debug the harvester, find out the dropping, find out the reason and solve it in time.
(4) Anti-mixing: Take effective measures to prevent mixing during harvesting, transportation, drying and screening.
5. Prevent grass damage. Weeds in bean fields include crabgrass, cattail, green bristlegrass, purslane, cabbage, amaranth and so on. Weeding is not timely (especially for crabgrass, beef tendon and purslane), and sometimes the phenomenon of "grass eats seedlings" occurs when it rains continuously. When the weeds are controlled, the pests will be lighter.
One of the methods to prevent grass damage is the combination of artificial weeding and intertillage, which not only loosens the soil, but also plays a role in cultivating the soil and preventing falling. The second is chemical weeding. After the emergence of seedlings, the commonly used herbicides are Jingcaoke, Gaicaoneng, Midazolam and Bentazon.
As long as we follow the principle of "selecting fine varieties, stopping planting, sowing skillfully, careful management and preventing grass damage", we can achieve "complete seedlings, Miao Zhuang and reasonable density" and achieve high yield and bumper harvest.
How to prevent continuous cropping soybean from reducing production
Continuous cropping soybean plants grow slowly, the plants are short, the leaves are yellow, and they are easy to be infected with pests and diseases, resulting in small pods, small grains and low yield. Continuous cropping generally reduces production by 20%-30%. If it lasts for more than five years, it will bring devastating disasters. The land in soybean producing areas is limited, so it is difficult not to plant continuous cropping. It is the only way to use science and technology to analyze the causes of continuous cropping and prevent or reduce continuous cropping.
First, the reasons for soybean continuous cropping yield reduction:
The first is nutritional factors. Planting soybeans in the same plot year after year absorbs the same nutrients every year, resulting in one-sided consumption of nutrients, which can not meet the demand for soil nutrients in soybean growth period;
The second is the factor of pests and diseases. In soybean continuous cropping plots, the damage is becoming more and more serious because of the high overwintering base of bacterial spot disease, cyst nematode disease and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum parasitic on soybean and the environment and conditions for further disease.
The third is biological factors. After soybean continuous cropping for more than three years, the number of soil microbial population has changed greatly, that is, there are many spoilage bacteria, some of which reduce the germination rate of soybean, and some of them infect the roots, leading to root rot. Fungi have great obstacles to the growth and development of continuous cropping soybean, and Fusarium can infect roots, leading to root rot and so on. In the life activities of continuous cropping soybean, some organic substances secreted by plants and microorganisms are inhibins, which poison the soil and cause soybean yield reduction;
The fourth is the plant factor. Continuous cropping of soybean leads to single soil nutrients, changes in physical and chemical properties and biological activities, serious diseases, pests and weeds, poor growth of soybean plants, short and thin plants, unreasonable canopy distribution, small middle leaf area, small leaf area index, yellowing of leaves, short functional period, weak function, less accumulation of assimilated products and low yield.
Second, the prevention and control measures:
1, prevention and control of crop rotation: establishing a reasonable crop rotation system is the most effective measure to solve the problem of soybean continuous cropping and yield reduction. The soybean area should be controlled within 1/3 of the grain area, and reasonable rotation should be carried out. In soil cultivation, subsoiling should be the main method, and the combination of loosening, digging and harrowing should be used to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and promote the good growth of soybean. In the selection of plots, we should not plant continuous cropping, thin manure, no depressions, no flat slopes and avoid plots with serious pests and diseases.
2. Variety control: Breeding and introducing improved soybean varieties is an important measure to reduce the harm of soybean continuous cropping. Practice has proved that not only the renewal of varieties can reduce the harm of continuous cropping, but also the timely replacement of the same varieties can reduce the harm of continuous cropping in the same plot.
3. Nutrition control: Applying more organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer is the key to reduce continuous cropping. Therefore, it is necessary to accumulate more organic fertilizers and scientifically apply bacterial fertilizers, which can improve soil fertility, eliminate hardening, activate soil, complete nutrient elements, promote the good development of soybeans, enhance stress resistance, promote early maturity, increase production and improve quality.
4. Pest control: soybean continuous cropping aggravates some pests and diseases, and targeted control measures should be taken. First of all, it is necessary to do a good job in forecasting pests and diseases, accurately grasp the occurrence dynamics of pests and diseases, timely forecast and guide the prevention and control work; Secondly, grasp the main contradiction and carry out comprehensive prevention and control; Thirdly, prepare medical devices and pesticides and train prevention and control personnel. Once it happens, prevent it in time.
5. Cultivation prevention and control: It is an important measure to further improve various cultivation modes to promote soybean production, rationally combine and scientifically apply various effective measures to increase soybean production, such as seed, fertilization, cultivation and plant protection, to reduce the harm of continuous cropping of soybean and promote the development of soybean production.