Trust is risky.
There are different risk control measures according to different products, mainly including mortgage, pledge, guarantee and structured design. Some products use only one risk control measure, while others use multiple risk control measures at the same time.
(1) Mortgage or pledge: the financier mortgages or pledges his movable or immovable property (real estate, equity, etc.). ) to the trust company. If the financier fails to pay the principal and income of the trust product on time, the trust company can auction the mortgaged or pledged property to protect the interests of investors;
(2) Guarantee: If there is no mortgage (or pledge) or the mortgage rate is relatively high, the trust company will often ask the financier to provide corresponding guarantee for the trust property. For example, guarantee company guarantee, third-party guarantee (parent company or affiliated company of the financing party), unlimited joint guarantee of enterprise legal person, etc. ;
(3) Structured design: The so-called structured design is to distribute the trust income rights in different levels, so that investors who buy priority can enjoy the priority income rights, and investors who buy secondary and inferior levels can enjoy the inferior income rights. In fixed-income trust wealth management products, inferior investment is generally invested by the financier. After the trust expires, the balance of investment income, expected income and related expenses after priority beneficiaries's priority principal all belong to the inferior beneficiary; If there is investment risk, it should be borne by inferior investors first;
(4) Take real estate trust as an example: for real estate trust loans, the risk control measures are generally mortgage and guarantee of land or existing houses; In real estate equity investment, risk control measures are generally trust holding, equity pledge, stationing personnel, monitoring funds, repurchase arrangements, etc.
Where are the high risks of trust wealth management products?
First, the threshold of trust wealth management products is too high. At present, the threshold of almost all trust financial institutions in the market exceeds 654.38+00,000, so trust institutions with funds below 654.38+00,000 will not help each other with financial management.
In daily life, few people can casually take out 6.5438+0 million idle funds for financial management.
Second, trust products have certain risks. Because the annual income of many trust products in the market is infinite and generally does not fluctuate according to the benchmark interest rate of the central bank, the annual income is closer to the market interest rate. However, some trust products may have credit risk, expected rate of return change and operational risk.
Trust product is a kind of wealth management product that provides investors with low risk and stable returns. Trust varieties are very diverse in product design, and each will have different characteristics. There may be great differences in risk and income potential among trust varieties.
Investment type
loans trust
The loan trust refers to the trust method that absorbs funds and issues loans through the trust. This kind of trust product is the largest one.
As a traditional business, loan has relatively simple business process and mature risk control means. It is logical for trust companies to choose this way to enter the market and establish their brands in the early stage of the exhibition industry. Investing through loans makes this kind of trust products have the following characteristics in terms of income risk:
First of all, there is an upper limit to the income of the project. The income comes from the loan interest, and the relevant interest rate standards of the People's Bank of China are implemented. This means that the customer's income ceiling is the loan interest rate, and he is faced with the management fee of the trust company, which may be deducted. Different ways of drawing management fees mean different degrees of income deduction, which directly affects investors' income.
Secondly, although trust companies have chosen relevant projects for loans according to their own professional skills, they can only rely on trust in trust companies because of asymmetric information.
However, after the reorganization of trust companies, their own credit mechanism has not been established, and the credit risk of loans must be controlled through external mechanisms. Therefore, the risk control of trust is very important for investors. First of all, we must understand and judge whether to invest in it.
equity trust
Such trust products raise funds by setting up trusts for rights and interests that can bring cash flow. Its outstanding advantage is to realize the realization of the intangible assets of the company, thus accelerating the capital turnover of the company to which the equity belongs, realizing the replacement of different growth assets, and helping the company to grasp favorable investment opportunities, quickly intervene and maximize the company's value.
Financial lease trust
Trust companies raise trust funds by setting up trust plans and apply them to financial leasing business. Through strict professional and procedural management, and through regular rent collection, we can realize trust income and provide safe and stable financial returns for social investors.
Real estate investment trust
Land and all kinds of building facilities above or underground are collectively called real estate. At present, many enterprises generally invest in real estate development.
What are the risks of Bank of Communications trust products?
The risks of trust products include: policy and regulation risks, investment risks and liquidity risks.
1, policy and regulatory risks. Some trust products may be flawed, or just created. The simple setting is to meet the needs of the project, which does not meet the requirements of laws and regulations at all, and even uses land or wealth management income as a guarantee. This is risky, because it is not perfect, which may lead to the final loss of effect or even illegal.
2. Investment risk. Even the bank's trust products may not make money. Don't be superstitious about banks. You think that as long as you put your money in the bank, even if they invest, they will definitely make money. It doesn't have to be like this. All investment and financial management will be accompanied by certain losses. No investment in this world can guarantee that you will make a lot of money.
3. Liquidity risk. This kind of risk mainly refers to the fact that after purchasing the trust products of the bank, the money cannot be misappropriated, so it is suggested that everyone must take out the unused funds for investment. If you invest the money you can usually use, you may not get it when you are in urgent need, which will cause great trouble to your life. Even the trust products of banks must be carefully read before you start.
Is the trust risky?
Trust products are inherently risky. Compared with other wealth management products, the investment scope of trust products is relatively wide. Part of its capital is invested in the real economy and part in the capital market. Therefore, risks also come from all directions. Therefore, investors need to pay attention to these aspects when purchasing trust products. Trust companies are an important part of financial markets. To some extent, they are a bit like "managing money for others". When investors put their money into trust companies, they will invest their money and get some income to help investors realize the appreciation of wealth. Measures for the Administration of Trust Companies Article 16 A trust company may apply for operating some or all of the following local and foreign currency businesses: (1) Fund trust; (2) Chattel trust; (3) Real estate trust; (4) Securities trust. (five) other property or property rights trust; (six) as a promoter of investment funds or fund management companies to engage in investment fund business; (seven) operating enterprise asset restructuring, mergers and acquisitions, project financing, enterprise wealth management, financial consulting and other businesses; (eight) entrusted to operate the securities underwriting business approved by the relevant departments of the State Council; (nine) to handle intermediary, consulting, credit and other businesses; (10) Safe deposit box and safe deposit box business; (eleven) other businesses as prescribed by laws and regulations or approved by the China Banking Regulatory Commission. Seventeenth trust companies can carry out charitable trust activities in accordance with the People's Republic of China (PRC) Trust Law and other laws and regulations. Article 18 A trust company may, according to the needs of the market, set up trust business varieties according to different trust purposes, types of trust property or management methods of trust property. Article 19 A trust company may invest, sell, deposit with its peers, buy back, sell, lease or lend the trust property. According to the agreement of the trust document. Unless otherwise stipulated by the China Banking Regulatory Commission, such provisions shall prevail. A trust company shall not manage and use the trust property through sale or repurchase. Article 20 A trust company may engage in interbank deposits, loan trade, loans, leasing, investment and other businesses within its inherent business scope. Investment business is limited to equity investment of financial companies, investment in financial products and investment in self-use fixed assets. A trust company shall not make industrial investment with its inherent property, except as otherwise provided by the China Banking Regulatory Commission. Article 21 A trust company shall not engage in other liabilities except interbank borrowing, and the balance of interbank borrowing shall not exceed 20% of its net assets. Unless otherwise stipulated by the China Banking Regulatory Commission. Article 22 A trust company may conduct external guarantee business, but the balance of external guarantee shall not exceed 50% of its net assets. Twenty-third trust companies engaged in foreign exchange trust business shall abide by the relevant provisions of the state on foreign exchange management and accept the inspection and supervision of the competent foreign exchange authorities.
So much for the risk introduction of trust loans.