? I. Managing Risks Due to the limitations of their own strength and reputation, it is difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises to attract professional management talents with good vocational education and rich experience. The management mode of small and medium-sized enterprises is rigid, and the high unity of ownership and management rights will inevitably bring negative effects to the financial management of enterprises. Due to the lax financial management of small and medium-sized enterprises, there are problems such as idle or insufficient funds, slow turnover of accounts receivable, difficult recovery of funds and weak inventory control. For small and medium-sized high-tech enterprises, there are some loopholes in the confidentiality procedures of patented technology, so there is a risk of technology loss.
? Second, credit risk At present, the lack of credit in small and medium-sized enterprises is a common phenomenon, which affects the image of small and medium-sized enterprises to some extent. In addition, the information of SMEs is basically internalized and opaque, and it is difficult for investors such as banks and financial institutions to obtain it through general channels. Therefore, this increases the loan and investment costs of banks or investors, and also brings difficulties to the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Third, the risk of private lending The most important issue of private lending financing is the legitimacy of financing. Once private financing goes beyond the law, it becomes pure fraud. The property right protection of private investment has not been well implemented, and private investment lacks security. These are all financing risks that cannot be ignored.
In the face of possible financing risks, enterprises can neither ignore nor dare to do something because of the risks. A positive attitude should be to take effective measures to avoid financing risks or minimize risks and losses.
(A) standardize investment behavior, rational analysis of the investment environment
With the increasingly complex investment environment of enterprises in China, the difficulty of investment decision-making and the risks faced are greatly increased. Before starting a business, small and medium-sized enterprises should carefully study the national policies, regulations and policy intentions and their changing trends, make clear the income and investment quota, boldly make investment decisions allowed by policies according to the collected relevant information, be good at reducing costs, gain income from preferential policies, learn to use laws and regulations to protect the rights and interests of enterprises, and adapt to market changes and consumer demand. In addition, the fluctuation of interest rate and exchange rate, the price trend of products and the change of competition pattern are effectively predicted to reduce the impact of environmental uncertainty on investment projects.
(2) Establish risk awareness and establish a risk prevention mechanism.
Establishing risk awareness and effective risk prevention mechanism is the premise to deal with risks. Therefore, in the process of project operation, entrepreneurs should gradually establish a perfect risk prevention mechanism and financial information network, supervise the project operation process before, during and after, predict and prevent financial risks in time, formulate a risk avoidance plan suitable for the actual situation of enterprises, and control risks to a minimum to ensure the realization of investment projects. For example, make full use of the principle of financial leverage to control investment risks, so that enterprises can organize production and operation according to market demand, adjust product structure in time, continuously improve the profitability of enterprises, avoid financial crisis caused by decision-making mistakes, and minimize risks.
(3) Reasonably determine the financing scale of enterprises, choose the best financing opportunity, set the best financing period, and reduce the financing cost of enterprises.
When making financing decisions, we should reasonably determine the financing scale of the enterprise according to the enterprise's demand for funds, its own actual conditions, the difficulty and cost of financing. If small and medium-sized enterprises can seize the favorable opportunity provided by internal and external changes, it will make it easier for enterprises to obtain lower-cost funds. Enterprises should adopt stable financing methods on the basis of reasonably distinguishing the purpose and use of financing.
Formulate the best financing portfolio strategy to spread financing risks.
1. Make rational use of private finance. (1) Give private capital a' legal identity' to enter the financial field. Underground? Turn? Open? , easy to supervise.
(2) Correctly guide private capital to transform into formal finance through equity participation or the establishment of funds, small and medium-sized banks and insurance companies.
(3) From an objective point of view, affirm the effective operating procedures and handling methods in private finance, and prohibit illegal, harmful to society and infringing on citizens' rights.
2. Actively attract venture capital. Enterprises should attach importance to the channels of contacting venture capitalists and take measures to improve the attractiveness of enterprises according to the concerns of venture capitalists. At the same time, entrepreneurs should look for suitable venture capital institutions.
Promote the reform of small and medium-sized enterprises
Small and medium-sized enterprises should be guided to become the main body of market economy with clear property rights, standardized operation and strong internal accumulation ability, that is, endogenous financing ability.
(1) Carry out production, operation and financing activities in accordance with the principles of good faith and fair competition.
(2) Establish accounts according to law to ensure the truthfulness and completeness of accounting information.
(3) Strengthen financial management and improve the financial system.
Small and medium-sized enterprises should also take the road of high-tech development, strive to realize the transformation of financing methods from self-accumulation and bank loans to diversified financing, from extensive to intensive economic growth, and from traditional to scientific and technological industrial orientation, so as to fundamentally reverse the financing difficulties caused by unreasonable industrial structure.
Give full play to government functions 1. Give full play to the special role of the government in the construction of credit guarantee system for small and medium-sized enterprises and give strong policy support to enterprise financing. The state encourages capital from various economic sectors to participate in the investment of guarantee companies, increases the number of credit guarantee institutions for small and medium-sized enterprises, and gradually forms a multi-level credit guarantee system for small and medium-sized enterprises composed of national, regional and community guarantee institutions.
2. Strengthen the construction of laws and regulations on credit guarantee for SMEs. We should learn from the successful experience of foreign countries, take China's SME promotion law as the guide, integrate the existing guarantee law and company law, formulate the legal norms of credit guarantee system as soon as possible, build the basic framework of credit guarantee system for SMEs, and clarify the basic rules of credit guarantee activities to better serve SMEs.
3. Establish and improve the credit re-guarantee system for SMEs. Credit insurance institutions for small and medium-sized enterprises can be established to provide credit insurance services to credit guarantee institutions for small and medium-sized enterprises, so as to ensure the safety and stability of the operation of credit guarantee institutions for small and medium-sized enterprises and disperse business risks.